1、Designation: C 99 87 (Reapproved 2006)Standard Test Method forModulus of Rupture of Dimension Stone1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 99; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision
2、. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the
3、modu-lus of rupture of all types of dimension stone except slate.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the appl
4、ica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C119 Terminology Relating to Dimension Stone3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsAll definitions are in accordance with Ter-minology C119.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the diffe
5、rences inmodulus of rupture between the various dimension stones. Thistest method also provides one element in comparing stones ofthe same type.5. Apparatus5.1 Testing Machine The accuracy of the testing machineshall be within 1 % for the range from 10 to 1000 lbf (44 to4450 N).5.2 Knife Edges The s
6、upports for the specimen shall betwo knife edges of the rocker type (Fig. 1) with edges at leastas long as the width of the specimen. The loading knife edgemay be of either the rocker or rigid type.6. Sampling6.1 Select the sample to represent a true average of the typeor grade of stone under consid
7、eration and of the qualitysupplied to the market under the type designation to be tested.The sample may be selected by the purchaser or his authorizedrepresentative from the quarried stone or taken from the naturalledge and shall be of adequate size to permit the preparation ofthe desired number of
8、test specimens. When perceptiblevariations occur, the purchaser may select as many samples asare necessary for determining the variations in modulus ofrupture.7. Test Specimens7.1 The specimens shall be approximately 4 by 8 by 214 in.(101.6 by 203.2 by 57.2 mm) in size. They shall be sawed fromthe s
9、ample and finished by grinding to smooth surfaces. The 4by 8-in. faces shall be as nearly plane and parallel as practi-cable. For loading perpendicular to the rift (Note 1) fivespecimens shall be prepared with the 4 by 8-in. faces parallelto the rift planes (see A2in Fig. 1), and for loading paralle
10、l tothe rift, five specimens shall be prepared with the 4 by 214-in.(101.6 by 57.2 mm) faces parallel to the rift (Note 2). Whentests are desired on the stone in both the wet and dry condition,ten specimens shall be prepared for each direction of loading;that is, five for tests dry, perpendicular to
11、 the rift, five for testswet, perpendicular to the rift, etc.NOTE 1The term rift is used here to designate the direction in whichthe stone splits most easily. In stratified stones it is considered to coincidewith the bedding or stratification. The rift direction should always bemarked on the sample
12、by the quarryman, since it often is not possible todetermine it on a small block.NOTE 2Another condition of loading may occur in structures whenthe rift planes are vertical and parallel to the length of the beam. Thestrength of the stone may be obtained for such loading by cutting thespecimens with
13、the 214 by 8-in. (57.2 by 203.2-mm) face parallel to therift. The meager data available for this condition of loading indicates thatthe strength is at least as high as when the load is applied perpendicular1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 onDimension Stone and is the
14、 direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.01 on TestMethods.Current edition approved April 1, 2006. Published April 2006. Originallyapproved in 1931. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as C 99 87(2000).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer
15、 Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.to the rift as shown by A2in Fig. 1.8.
16、Marking and Measuring Specimens8.1 On the 4 by 8-in. (101.6 by 203.2-mm) face draw thecenter line perpendicular to one edge (8 by 214-in. (203.2 by57.2-mm) face) and extend down both edges perpendicular tothe 4 by 8-in. face. At a distance of 3.5 in. (88.9 mm) each wayfrom the center line, draw two
17、similar sets of lines (span lines,“a”inFig. 1). Mark each specimen to indicate the direction ofthe rift and label with suitable numbers or letters for identifi-cation in measuring and testing.8.2 Measure the dimensions of the cross section on thecenter line. Measure the width to the nearest 0.01 in.
18、 (0.25 mm)and take the thickness as the average of three measurements tothe nearest 0.01 in., one taken at the center and one near eachedge.9. Conditioning9.1 Before testing the specimens in a dry condition, drythem for 48 h at 60 6 2C (140 6 4F). At the 46th, 47th and48th hour, weigh the specimens
19、to ensure that the weight is thesame. If the weight continues to drop, continue to dry thespecimens until there are three successive hourly readings withthe same weight. After removing the specimens from the oven,cool them to room temperature in a desiccator before testingthem.9.2 Before testing the
20、 specimens in a wet condition, im-merse them in water for 48 h at 22 6 2C (72 6 4F). Testthem immediately upon removal from the bath, wiping thespecimens free of surface water.10. Procedure10.1 Lay the specimen flatwise on the supporting knifeedges, spaced 7 in. (177.8 mm) apart and equidistant from
21、 theloading knife edges (Note 3), with all three knife edgesparallel. When a load of 10 lbf (44 N) has been applied, stopthe loading and make all knife edges coincide with the markson the specimen by centering the specimen under the loadingedge and moving the supporting edges under the span marks.A1
22、Specimen in position for testing. aSpan lines.A2Specimen for test perpendicular to the rift. bCenter lines.A3Specimen for test parallel to the rift. cSupporting knife edges.(Dotted lines on A2and A3indicate the rift direction) dLoading knife edge.FIG. 1 Specimens and Preferred Type of Knife Edges fo
23、r Determining the Modulus of Rupture of Building StoneC 99 87 (2006)2Apply the loading at a rate not exceeding 1000 lbf/min (4450N/min) until failure of the specimen.NOTE 3When all three knife edges are of the rocker type, care mustbe taken to adjust all three until the top face of the specimen is h
24、orizontalwhen loaded.11. Calculation11.1 Calculate the modulus of rupture of each specimen asfollows:R 5 3Wl/2bd2(1)where:R = modulus of rupture, psi (or MPa),W = breaking load, lbf (or N),l = length of span, in. (or mm),b = width of specimen, in. (or mm). andd = thickness of specimen, in. (or mm),1
25、2. Report12.1 Report the average of all values of modulus of rupturefor test specimens loaded perpendicular to the rift as themodulus of rupture perpendicular to the rift, and report theaverage for all test specimens loaded parallel to the rift as themodulus of rupture parallel to the rift. In case
26、any specimengives a value of as much as 20 % under the average it shall beexamined for defects and, if the low value appears to be due toa flaw or faulty test piece, report the average of the remainingspecimens of the group as the modulus of rupture of the samplefor the condition of loading under co
27、nsideration. Report alldeterminations as information.12.2 Report the following additional information:12.2.1 Identification of the sample, including the name andlocation of the quarry, name and position of the ledge, datewhen sample was taken, and trade name or grade of the stone,12.2.2 Size and sha
28、pe of specimens used in the test, and12.2.3 A description of the way in which the specimenswere prepared.13. Precision and Bias13.1 Individual variations in a natural product may result indeviation from accepted values. A precision section will beadded when sufficient data are available to indicate
29、acceptabletolerances in repeatability and reproducibility.14. Keywords14.1 dimension stone; flexure; modulus of rupture; stoneASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are e
30、xpressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not rev
31、ised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you m
32、ay attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C 99 87 (2006)3
