1、Designation: D1049 98 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Specification forRubber Insulating Covers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1049; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numbe
2、r in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers acceptance testing of rubber
3、insulating covers for use as portable protective devices forprotection of workers from accidental contact with live elec-trical conductors, apparatus, or circuits. It includes insulatorhoods, dead-end protectors, line hose connectors, cable endcovers, and miscellaneous covers. The electrical, physic
4、al, andchemical requirements of this specification shall apply also toany new or modified styles of covers that may be developed forspecific purposes.1.2 Three types of covers, differing in chemical and physicalcharacteristics, are provided, and are designated as Type I,non-resistant to ozone, and T
5、ype II and Type III, resistant toozone.1.3 Five classes of covers, differing in electricalcharacteristics, are provided, and are designated as Class 0,Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, and Class 4.1.4 Five styles of covers, differing in design characteristics,are provided, and are designated as Style A, St
6、yle B, Style C,Style D, and Style E.NOTE 1Because of the use requirements some covers are semi-rigidand others flexible.The flexible devices should remain suitably flexible forapplication and removal through normal temperatures of 29 to 54.5C(20 to 130F).1.5 This standard does not purport to address
7、 all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.See 18.2 for a specific cautionary statement
8、.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers t
9、o Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D297 Test Methods for Rubber ProductsChemical Analy-sisD412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplas-tic ElastomersTensionD573 Test Method for RubberDeterioration in an AirOven3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific
10、to This Standard:3.1.1 breakdownthe electrical discharge or arc occurringbetween the electrodes and through the equipment being tested.3.1.2 flashoverthe electrical discharge or arc occurringbetween electrodes and over or around, but not through, theequipment being tested.3.1.3 ozonea very active fo
11、rm of oxygen that may beproduced by corona, arcing, or ultraviolet rays.3.1.4 ozone cutting and checkingthe cutting action pro-duced by ozone on rubber under mechanical stress into a seriesof interlacing cracks.3.1.5 rubbera generic term that includes elastomers andelastomeric compounds, regardless
12、of origin.3.1.6 user as used in 4.3.1, the entity employing the actualworker(s) using the equipment; if no separate employer, thenthe individual.3.1.7 voltage, maximum usethe ac voltage (rms) rating ofthe protective equipment that designates the maximum nominaldesign voltage of the energized system
13、that may be safelyworked. The nominal design voltage is equal to the phase tophase voltage on multiphase circuits.3.1.7.1 DiscussionIf there is no multiphase exposure in asystem area and the voltage exposure is limited to phase1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F18 onEle
14、ctrical Protective Equipment for Workers and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F18.25 on Insulating Cover-Up Equipment. This standard replacesANSI Standard J6.2, which is no longer available.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2017. Published December 2017. Originallypublished in 1949 as D10
15、49 49 T. Last previous edition approved in 2010 asD1049 98 (2010). DOI: 10.1520/D1049-98R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document S
16、ummary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Princip
17、les for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1(polarity on dc systems) to ground potential, the phase (polarityon dc systems) to ground potential shall be considered to be thenominal d
18、esign voltage. If electrical equipment and devices areinsulated, or isolated, or both, such that the multiphase expo-sure on a grounded wye circuit is removed, then the nominaldesign voltage may be considered as the phase-to-groundvoltage on that circuit.3.1.8 voltage, nominal designa nominal value
19、consistentwith the latest revision on ANSI C84.1, assigned to the circuitor system for the purpose of conveniently designating itsvoltage class.4. Significance and Use4.1 This specification covers the minimum electrical,chemical, and physical properties guaranteed by the manufac-turer and the detail
20、ed procedures by which such properties areto be determined. The purchaser may at his option perform orhave performed any of these tests in order to verify theguarantee. Claims for failure to meet the specification aresubject to verification by the manufacturer.4.2 Insulating covers are used for pers
21、onal protection;therefore, when authorizing their use, a margin of safety shallbe provided between the maximum voltage at which they areused and the proof-test voltage at which they are tested. Therelationship between proof-test voltage and the maximumvoltage at which insulating covers shall be used
22、 is shown inTable 1.4.3 Work practices vary from user to user, depending uponmany factors. These may include, but are not limited to,operating system voltages, construction design, work proce-dures and techniques, weather conditions, and so forth.Therefore, except for the restrictions set forth in t
23、his specifi-cation because of design limitations, the use and maintenanceof this equipment is beyond the scope of this specification.4.3.1 It is common practice and the responsibility of the userof this type of protective equipment to prepare completeinstructions and regulations to govern the correc
24、t and safe useof such equipment.5. Classification5.1 Covers included under this specification shall be desig-nated as Type I, Type II, or Type III; Class 0, Class 1, Class 2,Class 3, or Class 4; StyleA, Style B, Style C, Style D, or StyleE.5.1.1 Type I, non-resistant to ozone, made from a high-grade
25、cis-1,4-polyisoprene rubber compound of natural or syntheticorigin, properly vulcanized.5.1.2 Type II, ozone resistant, made of any elastomer orcombination of elastomeric compounds.5.1.3 Type III, ozone-resistant, made of any combination ofelastomer and thermoplastic polymer, elastic in nature.5.1.4
26、 ClassThe class designation shall be based on theelectrical properties and design characteristics as shown inTable 2 or Table 3.5.1.5 StyleThe style designation shall describe the item,size, and device or apparatus covered, protected, or connected.5.1.5.1 Style A designates insulator hoods.5.1.5.2 S
27、tyle B designates dead end protectors.5.1.5.3 Style C designates line hose connectors.5.1.5.4 Style D designates cable end covers.5.1.5.5 Style E designates miscellaneous covers.6. Ordering Information6.1 Orders for covers under this specification should includethe following information:6.1.1 Type,6
28、.1.2 Class, and6.1.3 Either the style and item number or the size, insidediameter, outside diameter, and length of the covers.6.2 The listing of types, classes, styles, and item numbers isnot intended to mean that all shall necessarily be available frommanufacturers; it signifies only that, if made,
29、 they shallconform to the details of this specification.7. Manufacture and Marking7.1 Each cover shall be marked clearly and permanentlywith the name of the manufacturer or supplier, ANSI/ASTMD1049, type, and class.7.1.1 Covers may be marked by either molding the infor-mation directly into the cover
30、 or by use of a label; eithermethod is equally acceptable. The method shall be at thediscretion of the manufacturer. If a label is used, the color shallbe that specified for each voltage class: Class 0red, Class1white, Class 2yellow, Class 3green, and Class4orange.8. Chemical and Physical Requiremen
31、ts8.1 The cover material shall conform to the tensile strengthrequirements in Table 2 or Table 1, the accelerated aging in5.1.3 and, for Type I covers, the determination of rubberpolymer in accordance with 19.1.1.TABLE 1 Proof-Test/Use Voltage RelationshipNOTE 1The ac voltage (rms) classification of
32、 the protective equip-ment designates the maximum nominal design voltage of the energizedsystem that may be safely worked. The nominal design voltage is equal to:1. The phase to phase on multiphase circuits or2. The phase to ground voltage on single phase grounded circuits.Class ofInsulatingCoversNo
33、minal MaximumUse Voltage,APhase-Phaseac, rmsAC Proof-Test Voltage,rms VDC Proof-Test Voltage,avg, V0 1 000 5 000 20 0001 7 500 10 000 40 0002 17 000 20 000 50 0003 26 500 30 000 60 0004 36 000 40 000 70 000AExcept for Class O equipment, the maximum use voltage is based on thefollowing formula:Maximu
34、m use voltage (maximum nominal design voltage)0.95 acproof-test voltage 2000D1049 98 (Reapproved 2017)29. Electrical Requirements9.1 Each cover, when selected in accordance with Section13 shall withstand the 60-Hz ac proof-test voltage (rms value)or the dc proof-test voltage (average value) specifie
35、d in Table2 or Table 3. The proof test shall be performed in accordancewith Section 18 and shall be applied continuously for 3 min.9.2 Type II and Type III covers shall show no visible effectsfrom corona or ozone when tested in accordance with 18.5.TABLE 3 CoversType II and Type III SpecificationsIn
36、sulator HoodsStyle AItemNumberAType In-sulatorInsulatorDiameter,in.InsulatorHeight, in.Hose Size,in.Length,mm(in.), minHeight,mm (in.),minTensile,MPa (psi),minClassac Proof-Test Volt-age, Vdc Proof-Test Volt-age, VSuggestedElectrodeGroup1 pin 4 4 1 375 (14.75) 159 (6.25) 4.82 (700) 2 20 000 30 000 2
37、32 pin 6 5 1 406 (16.0) 159 (6.25) 4.82 (700) 2 20 000 30 000 233 pin 7 6 114 112 406 (16.0 (wide) 162 (6.375) 4.82 (700) 2 and 3 30 000 40 000 234 pin 10 12 212 483 (19.0) 406 (16.0) 6.89 (1000) 4 40 000 60 000 235pin 1 612 267 (10.5 (ID) 165 (6.5) 4.82 (700) 3 30 000 40 000 236 pin 834 534 112 212
38、 381 (15.0) 216 (8.5) 6.89 (1000) 4 40 000 60 000 237 post 6.5 834 112 212 317 (12.5) 298 (11.75) 6.89 (1000) 3 30 000 40 000 238 post 6.5 13 112 212 317 (12.5) 400 (15.75) 6.89 (1000) 4 40 000 60 000 23Dead End ProtectorsStyle BItemNumberATypeInsulatorInsulatorDiameterHose Size,in.Sleeve Length,mm
39、in.Tensile,MPa (psi), minClassac Proof-TestVoltage, Vdc Proof-TestVoltage, VSuggestedElectrodeGroup1 disk or deadend414 any size(adapters)254 (10.0) 4.82 (700) 2 and 3 30 000 40 000 232 disk or deadend414 any size(adapters)457 (18.0) 4.82 (700) 2 and 3 30 000 40 000 233 disk or deadend6 1 457 (18.0)
40、 4.82 (700) 2 20 000 30 000 234 disk or deadend414 112 212 940 (37.0) 4.82 (700) 4 40 000 50 000 235 disk or deadend7112 212 624 (24.5) 11.0 (1600) 4 40 000 50 000 236 disk or deadend10 112 212 624 (24.5) 11.0 (1600) 4 40 000 50 000 23Line Hose ConnectorsStyle CItem NumberAHose Size, in. Length, mm
41、(in.)Tensile, MPa (psi),minClassac Proof-TestVoltage, Vdc Proof-TestVoltage, VSuggested Elec-trode Group1 1 305 (12.0) 4.82 (700) 2 20 000 30 000 232114 305 (12.0) 4.82 (700) 2 20 000 30 000 233112 305 (12.0) 4.82 (700) 3 30 000 40 000 23TABLE 2 CoversType I SpecificationsInsulator HoodsStyle AItemN
42、umberATypeInsulatorInsulatorDiameter,in.Hose Size,in.Length,mm (in.),minHeight, mm(in.), minTensile,MPa (psi),minClassac Proof-Test Volt-age, Vdc Proof-Test Volt-age, VSuggestedElectrodeGroupB1 pin 4 1 375 (14.75) 159 (6.25) 11.0 (1600) 2 20 000 30 000 22 pin 6 1 406 (16.0) 159 (6.25) 11.0 (1600) 2
43、20 000 30 000 23pin714,112 406 (16.0) 162 (6.375) 11.0 (1600) 2 and 3 30 000 40 000 2Dead End ProtectorsStyle BItemNumberATypeInsulatorInsulatorDiameter,in.Hose Size,in.Inside Diame-ter, mm (in.)SleeveLength,mm (in.)Tensile,MPa (psi), minClassac Proof-Test Volt-age, Vdc Proof-Test Volt-age, VSuggest
44、edElectrodeGroupB1 disk or deadend414 any size(adapters)121 (4.75) 254 (10) 11.0 (1600) 2 20 000 30 000 22 2 disk or 2 deadend414 any size(adapters)121 (4.75) 457 (18) 11.0 (1600) 2 20 000 30 000 23 disk or deadend6 1 165 (6.5) 457 (18) 11.0 (1600) 2 20 000 30 000 2Line Hose ConnectorsStyle CItemNum
45、berAHose Size,in.Length,mm (in.)Tensile,MPa (psi), minClassac Proof-TestVoltage, Vdc Proof-TestVoltage, VSuggested Elec-trode GroupB1 1 305 (12.0) 11.0 (1600) 2 20 000 30 000 22114 305 (12.0) 11.0 (1600) 2 20 000 30 000 23112 305 (12.0) 11.0 (1600) 3 30 000 40 000 2AItem numbers are provided for con
46、venient referencing.BSuggested electrode groups for ac tests only.D1049 98 (Reapproved 2017)3TABLE 3 ContinuedLine Hose ConnectorsStyle CItem NumberAHose Size, in. Length, mm (in.)Tensile, MPa (psi),minClassac Proof-TestVoltage, Vdc Proof-TestVoltage, VSuggested Elec-trode Group4112 267 (10.5) 4.82
47、(700) 4 40 000 50 000 235212 267 (10.5) 4.82 (700) 4 40 000 50 000 23Cable End CoversStyle DItemNumberAInsideDiameter,mm (in.)Length,mm (in.)ConductorSizeTensile,MPa (psi), minClassac Proof-TestVoltage, Vdc Proof-TestVoltage, VSuggestedElectrodeGroupCable end caps size1 13 (0.5) 152 (6.0) #12 to #6
48、10.3 (1500) 2 20 000 30 000 12 21 (0.81) 152 (6.0) #4 to 4/0 10.3 (1500) 2 20 000 30 000 13 19 (0.75) 178 (7.0) #10 to #4 10.3 (1500) 2 20 000 30 000 14 35 (1.375) 254 (10.0) #4/0 to 500 MCM 10.3 (1500) 2 20 000 30 000 15 57 (2.25) 305 (12.0) 350 MCM to 750 MCM 10.3 (1500) 2 20 000 30 000 16 81 (3.1
49、9) 406 (16.0) 800 MCM to 1000MCM10.3 (1500) 2 20 000 30 000 1Separator size7 25 (1.0) 76 (3.0) . 10.3 (1500) 2 20 000 30 000 18 38 (1.5) 108 (4.25) . 10.3 (1500) 2 20 000 30 000 19 62 (2.44) 114 (4.5) . 10.3 (1500) 2 20 000 30 000 110 70 (2.75) 152 (6.0) . 10.3 (1500) 2 20 000 30 000 1Test caps size11 16 (0.63) 152 (6.0) . 10.3 (1500) 2 20 000 30 000 12312 24 (0.94) 152 (6.0) . 10.3 (1500) 2 20 000 30 000 12313 19 (0.75) 178 (7.0) . 10.3 (1500) 2 20 000 30 000 12314 35 (1.38)
