ASTM D1070-2003 Standard Test Methods for Relative Density of Gaseous Fuels《气体燃料相对密度的标准试验方法》.pdf
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1、Designation: D 1070 03Standard Test Methods forRelative Density of Gaseous Fuels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1070; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in par
2、entheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the determination of relativedensity of gaseous fuels, including liquefied petroleum gases,in the gaseous state at normal
3、temperatures and pressures. Thetest methods specified are sufficiently varied in nature so thatone or more may be used for laboratory, control, reference, gasmeasurement, or in fact, for any purpose in which it is desiredto know the relative density of gas or gases as compared to thedensity of dry a
4、ir at the same temperature and pressure.1.2 The procedures appear in the following sections:SectionMethod A, Ac-Me Gravity Balance 7-9Method B, Ranarex Recording and Indicating Gravitometer 10-11Method C, UGC Gravitometer 12-14NOTE 1The test methods and apparatus described herein are repre-sentative
5、 of methods and apparatus used broadly in industry. Manufactur-ers instructions for specific models should be consulted for further detailsand as supplements to the information presented here. In addition toinstrumentation described below additional equally accurate and satisfac-tory instruments may
6、 be available.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2
7、. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 5503 Practice for Natural Gas Sample-Handling andConditioning Systems for Pipeline Instrumentation23. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 densitymass per unit of volume of the fuel gas or airbeing considered.3.1.2 gaseous fuelmaterial to be tested, as sampled,
8、 with-out change of composition by drying or otherwise.3.1.3 relative densityratio of the density of the gaseousfuel, under the observed conditions of temperature and pres-sure, to the density of dried air, of normal carbon dioxidecontent, at the same temperature and pressure.3.1.3.1 DiscussionIn th
9、ese test methods the term “relativedensity” has replaced the term “specific gravity.” The term,specific gravity, as used in a previous edition of these testmethods, was used incorrectly.3.1.4 relative humidityratio of actual pressure of existingwater vapor to maximum possible pressure of water vapor
10、 inthe atmosphere at the same temperature, expressed as apercentage.4. Summary of Test Methods4.1 Displacement BalancesThis test method is based onthe balancing of the weight of a fixed volume of gas atatmospheric pressure against the weight of dry air across thecenter of gravity of a balance beam.
11、The amount of this“deflection,” subject to correction, for humidity, high CO2content or other factor measures the relative density. Instru-ments of this class may be either visual or chart recording.4.2 Kinetic EnergyThis test method measures the ratio ofthe change in kinetic energy between an impel
12、ler and animpulse wheel operating in gas and a second impeller andimpulse wheel operating in a reference gas (generally air). Therelative torque of the impulse wheels is measured and providesa value for relative density since the relative torque is propor-tional to the gas and air densities.5. Signi
13、ficance and Use5.1 These test methods provide accurate and reliable meth-ods to measure the relative density of gaseous fuels on anintermittent or continuous basis. These measurements arefrequently used for regulatory or contract compliance custodytransfer and process control.1These test methods are
14、 under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D03 onGaseous Fuels and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D 03.03 onDetermination of Heating Value and Relative Density of Gaseous Fuels.Current edition approved May 10, 2003. Published July 2003. Originallyapproved in 1952. Last previous edition
15、approved in 1998 as D 1070 85 (1998).2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.06.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Sampling6.1 The sample shall be representative of the gas to bemeasured and shall be taken from its sou
16、rce without change inform or composition. Sampling of natural gases should be inaccordance with Practice D 5503.METHOD AAcMe GRAVITY BALANCE(Four-Spring Type)7. Apparatus7.1 AcMe Gravity Balance (Four-Spring Type), pressure-tight cylindrical container mounted on a base board. Inside thecontainer is
17、a balance beam with a sealed float at the back andgraduated scale at the front. The beam is suspended at thecenter by thin flat springs. A window for viewing the scale isprovided at the front of the container. The balance beam maybe locked by a cam mechanism when the instrument is not inuse. Valves
18、for introducing gas and air samples are provided.7.2 Carrying Case, for transportation or storage.7.3 Air Dryer, to dehydrate air samples (silica gel).7.4 Tripod, to support the balance firmly.7.5 Pressure-Vacuum Pump, to transfer samples and adjustpressure in the balance.7.6 Mercury Manometer, 760
19、mm, to measure pressure inthe balance.7.7 Aneroid Barometer, temperature compensated to con-vert balance pressure readings to absolute pressures. (Absolutepressure not corrected to sea level.)7.8 Rubber Hose, 6.35 mm (14-in.) inside diameter, fourlengths with brass swivel connections to join the bal
20、ance to itsoperating accessories.7.9 Sampling Hose, 6.35 mm (14 in.) with swivel connec-tions and two male 6.35-mm (14-in.) pipe adapters.7.10 Additional ApparatusRefer to the manufacturersliterature for further information on sizes, assembly, and otherdetails applicable to specific models.8. Proced
21、ure8.1 Assemble and set up the balance in accordance with themanufacturers instructions, making certain that it is firmlysupported, level, and is not disturbed during the entire test.Take and record the following four readings:8.1.1 Average Barometric ReadingRead the aneroid ba-rometer at the beginn
22、ing and end of each test, and record theaverage of these two readings.8.1.2 Air Reading:8.1.2.1 Admit air through first valve and air dryer untilatmospheric pressure is reached. Record temperature in thebalance. Close first valve.8.1.2.2 Open second valve and pull a vacuum of about 650mm, then close
23、 second valve. Unlock the balance beam byturning locking level counterclockwise. The beam will then bein an unbalanced position with the zero above the hairlineindicator.8.1.2.3 Observe the scale from such a position that thereflection of your eye in the look glass is centered on thehairline. Admit
24、air through first valve and air dryer until thebeam begins to fall. Then pinch down the flow of air throughfirst valve so that the air can be cut off at exactly the rightinstant to keep the beam in the balanced position. Observe thescale noting how far the zero swings above and below thehairline. Th
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