ASTM D1356-2005 Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres《与大气取样和分析相关的标准术语》.pdf
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1、Designation: D 1356 05Standard Terminology Relating toSampling and Analysis of Atmospheres1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1356; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A num
2、ber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This terminology is a collective vocabulary relating tosampling and analysis of atmospheres. As a convenience togeneral interest, it cont
3、ains most of the standard terms,definitions, and nomenclature under the jurisdiction of Com-mittee D22.1.2 Many of the entries in this terminology are copied (withattribution) from the standards of origin referenced in Section2. The standards of origin are noted in bold type at the rightmargin of th
4、e applicable definition.1.3 Certain terms in the common language that comprisemultiple concepts are included herein with the definitionspecific to standards and practices of Committee D22.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1357 Practice for Planning the Sampling of the AmbientAtmosphereD 3
5、249 Practice for General Ambient Air Analyzer Proce-duresD 3614 Guide for Laboratories Engaged in Sampling andAnalysis of Atmospheres and EmissionsD 3631 Test Methods for Measuring Surface AtmosphericPressureD 3670 Guide for Determination of Precision and Bias ofMethods of Committee D22D 3686 Practi
6、ce for Sampling Atmospheres to Collect Or-ganic Compound Vapors (Activated Charcoal Tube Ad-sorption Method)D 3687 Practice for Analysis of Organic Compound VaporsCollected by the Activated Charcoal Tube AdsorptionMethodD 4023 Terminology Relating to Humidity Measurements3D 4096 Test Method for Dete
7、rmination of Total SuspendedParticulate Matter in the Atmosphere (High-Volume Sam-pler Method)D 4240 Test Method for Airborne Asbestos Concentrationin Workplace Atmosphere3D 4298 Guide for Intercomparing Permeation Tubes toEstablish TraceabilityD 5011 Practices for Calibration of Ozone Monitors Usin
8、gTransfer StandardsD 5015 Test Method for pH ofAtmospheric Wet DepositionSamples by Electrometric DeterminationD 5096 Test Method for Determining the Performance of aCup Anemometer or Propeller AnemometerD 5111 Guide for Choosing Locations and Sampling Meth-ods to Monitor Atmospheric Deposition at N
9、on-UrbanLocationsD 5366 Test Method for Determining the Dynamic Perfor-mance of a Wind VaneD 5438 Practice for Collection of Floor Dust for ChemicalAnalysisD 5466 Test Method for Determination of Volatile OrganicChemicals in Atmospheres (Canister Sampling Methodol-ogy)D 5527 Practices for Measuring
10、Surface Wind and Tem-perature by Acoustic MeansD 6196 Practice for Selection of Sorbents, Sampling, andThermal Desorption AnalysisE 104 Practice for Maintaining Constant Relative Humidityby Means of Aqueous Solutions3. Terminologyabsolute temperatureSee temperature.absolute filterSee filter.absorban
11、ce, nthe logarithm to the base of 10 of thereciprocal of transmittance.absorbate, nmaterial that has been retained by the processof absorption.absorbent, nmaterial in which absorption occurs.absorption, na process in which one material (the absor-bent) takes up and retains another (the absorbate) wi
12、th theformation of an homogeneous mixture having the attributesof a solution.1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on AirQuality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.01 on Quality Control.Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originally
13、approved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 1356 - 00a.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe A
14、STM website.3Withdrawn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.DISCUSSIONChemical reaction may accompany or follow absorp-tion.acceptance angle (6a, deg), nthe angular distance, cen-tered on the array axis of symmetry, over w
15、hich thefollowing conditions are met: (a) wind components areunambiguously defined, and (b) flow across the transducersis unobstructed or remains within the angular range forwhich transducer shadow corrections are defined. D 5527accrediting authority, na body that evaluates the capabilityof a testin
16、g agency or an inspection agency, or both, incertain specific fields of activity. D 3614accretion, na phenomenon consisting of the increase in sizeof particles by the process of external additions.accuracy, nthe degree of conformity of a value generated bya specific procedure to the assumed or accep
17、ted true valueand includes both precision and bias. D 3670acoustic pathlength (d, (m), nthe physical distance be-tween transducer transmitter-receiver pairs. D 5527activated charcoal, nactivated charcoal refers to properlyconditioned coconut-shell charcoal. D 3686adsorbate, nmaterial that has been r
18、etained by the processof adsorption.adsorbent, nsolid material on the surface of which adsorp-tion takes place.adsorption, na physical process in which molecules of gas,of dissolved substances, or of liquids, adhere in an extremelythin layer to the surfaces of solid bodies with which they arein cont
19、act.aerosol, na dispersion of solid or liquid particles in agaseous medium.agency, nan organization or part of an organization engagedin the activities of testing or inspection, or both. D 3614agglomeration, na process of contact and adhesion wherebythe particles of a dispersion form clusters of inc
20、reasing size.air at normal conditions (standard air), nair at 50 %relative humidity, 25C and 101.3 kPa (77F and 760 mmHg). See also atmosphere.air pollution, nthe presence of unwanted material in the air.DISCUSSIONThe term unwanted material here refers to material insufficient concentrations, presen
21、t for a sufficient time, and undercircumstances to interfere significantly with comfort, health, or welfareof persons, or with the full use and enjoyment of property.aliquot, na representative portion of the whole that can beexpressed as the inverse of an integer.ambient, adjsurrounding on all sides
22、.analyzer, nthe instrumental equipment necessary to performautomatic analysis of ambient air through the use of physicaland chemical properties and giving either cyclic or continu-ous output signal. D 3249analyzer system, nall sampling, analyzing, and readoutinstrumentation required to perform ambie
23、nt air qualityanalysis automatically. D 3249full scale, nthe maximum measuring limit for a givenrange of an analyzer. D 3249lag time, nthe time interval from a step change in the inputconcentration at the analyzer inlet to the first correspondingchange in the analyzer signal readout. D 3249linearity
24、, nthe maximum deviation between an actualanalyzer reading and the reading predicted by a straight linedrawn between upper and lower calibration points.DISCUSSIONThis deviation is expressed as a percentage of full scale.D 3249minimum detection limit, nthe smallest input concentra-tion that can be de
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