1、Designation: D139 12D139 16Standard Test Method forFloat Test for Bituminous Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D139; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in
2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the float test for bituminous materials.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values
3、 given in parentheses are for information only.standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 WarningMercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause centralnervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, ma
4、y be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Cautionshould be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet(MSDS) for details and EPAs website (http:/www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional information. Users should be
5、awarethat selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate saf
6、ety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. For a specific precaution statement, see 6.1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction MaterialsD244 Test Metho
7、ds and Practices for Emulsified AsphaltsD3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving MaterialsD6997 Test Method for Distillation of Emulsified AsphaltE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers2.2 IEC Standard:IEC 60854 Methods of Measur
8、ing the Performance of Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Diagnostic Equipment33. Summary of Test Method3.1 Aplug of bitumen is cast in a tapered collar. The assembled float and collar is then floated in the testing bath at the specifiedtemperature. The time, in seconds, between placing the apparatus on the wate
9、r and the water breaking through the material shallbe taken as a measure of the consistency of the material under examination.4. Significance and Use4.1 The float test characterizes the flow behavior or consistency of certain bituminous materials.4.2 This test method is useful in determining the con
10、sistency of bitumen as one element in establishing the uniformity of certainshipments or sources of supply.5. Apparatus5.1 FloatThe float (Fig. 1) shall be made of aluminum or aluminum alloy and shall be in accordance with the followingrequirements:1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM
11、 Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.44 on RheologicalTests.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012Nov. 15, 2016. Published December 2012December 2016. Originally approved in 1922. Last previous edition approved in 20072012as D139 07.D139 12.
12、 DOI: 10.1520/D0139-12.10.1520/D0139-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from Amer
13、ican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be te
14、chnically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P
15、O Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Min Normal MaxMass of float, g 37.70 37.90 38.10Total height of float, mm 34.0 35.0 36.0Height of rim above lower 26.5 27.0 27.5side of shoulder, mmThickness of shoulder, mm 1.3 1.4 1.5Diameter of opening, mm 11.0 11.1 11.25.2 CollarThe col
16、lar (Fig. 1) shall be made of brass and shall be in accordance with the following requirements:Min Normal MaxMass of collar, g 9.60 9.80 10.00Over-all height of collar, mm 22.3 22.5 22.7Inside diameter at bottom, mm 12.72 12.82 12.92Inside diameter at top, mm 9.65 9.70 9.75The top of the collar shal
17、l screw up tightly against the lower side of the shoulder.5.3 Verification of AssemblyThe assembled float and collar, with the collar filled flush with the bottom and weighted to a totalmass of 53.2 g, shall float upon water with the rim 8.5 6 1.5 mm above the surface of the water. This adjustment o
18、f the total massof the assembly is for the purpose only of standardizing the depth of immersion in the testing bath.5.4 Thermometric DeviceAn ASTM Low Softening Point Thermometer, graduated in either Celsius or Fahrenheit degrees asspecified, having a range from 2 to +80C or +30 to +180F and conform
19、ing to the requirements for Thermometer 15C or 15F,respectively, 15C, as prescribed in Specification E1, or equivalent thermometric device.5.4.1 A thermometer consisting of K type 30 AWG gauge thermocouple and a meter capable of reading 25C (77F) to 260C(500F). 25 to 260C. The thermocouple shall be
20、61 to 76 cm (24 to 30 in.) in length. This thermometer shall conform to thetemperature/voltage tables of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and to the IEC 60854 standards for K-, J-, andT-type thermocouples.5.5 Testing BathA circular bath of at least 185 mm in internal diameter and c
21、ontaining water at least 185 mm in depth; or arectangular bath with minimum internal dimensions of 150 mm width and 300 mm length, and containing water at least 110 mmin depth. The height of the surface of the container above the water shall be at least 40 mm. The bath shall be heated by electric,ga
22、s, or other suitable means. A stand or other suitable support shall be available to hold the thermometric device in the properposition in the bath during the test.5.6 Water Bath at 5C (41F)5CAwater bath of suitable dimensions maintained at 5.0 6 1.0C (41.0 6 1.8F) which maybe accomplished by means o
23、f melting ice.FIG. 1 Float Test ApparatusD139 1625.7 Brass Pouring PlateAflat, smooth brass plate approximately 75 by 50 mm that has been treated to prevent the bituminousmaterial from adhering to it. A suitable treatment is to coat the plate just before use with a thin layer of a mixture of glyceri
24、n anddextrin, talc, or kaolin (china clay). Other plates or coatings, or both, may be used, providing similar results are achieved.6. Precautions6.1 Special precautions should be taken to ensure that the collar fits tightly into the float and to see that there is no seepage ofwater between the colla
25、r and float during the test.7. Procedure7.1 Place the brass collar with the smaller end on the coated plate.7.2 Melt the sample completely at the lowest possible temperature that will bring it to a sufficiently fluid condition for easypouring, excepting creosote-oil residues, which shall be mixed an
26、d poured at a temperature of 100 to 125C (212 to 257F). 125C.Stir the sample thoroughly until it is homogeneous and free from air bubbles. Then pour it into the collar in any convenient manneruntil slightly more than level with the top.7.3 Emulsified AsphaltsTest the distillation residue from Test M
27、ethod D6997 in accordance with Examination of Residue,Float Test section of Test Methods and Practices D244. The pouring temperature for high float emulsion residues can be critical.If a high float residue sample fails or appears to be poured at a cooler than specified temperature, the specified pou
28、ring temperatureshall be confirmed in a referee sample by use of a 30-gauge thermocouple probe and instrument. Position the thermocouple probeinto the top center of the collar from above. Record the maximum temperature measured while the residue is being poured intothe collar. Fill the collar until
29、slightly more than level with the top, and quickly remove the thermocouple.7.4 Asphalt and Asphalt ProductsCool asphalt and asphalt products to room temperature for 15 to 60 min, then place themfor 5 min in the water bath at 5C, after which trim the surplus material flush with the top of the collar
30、by means of a spatula orsteel knife that has been slightly heated. Then place the collar and plate in the water bath at 5C and leave them in this bath for15 to 30 min.7.5 Tar ProductsImmediately immerse tar products for 5 min in the water bath at 5C (41F), 5C, after which trim the surplusmaterial fl
31、ush with the top of the collar by means of a spatula or steel knife that has been slightly heated. Then place the collarand plate in the water bath at 5C (41F) and leave them in this bath for not less than 15 nor more than 30 min.7.6 Heat the water in the testing bath to the temperature at which the
32、 test is to be made. This temperature shall not varythroughout the test more than 0.5C (0.9F) from the temperature specified, using any suitable means of heating the bath, withoutstirring. Determine the temperature by immersing the thermometric measuring device with the bottom of the device at a dep
33、th of40 6 2 mm below the water surface.7.7 After the material to be tested has been kept in the water bath at 5C (41F) for 15 to 30 min, remove the collar with itscontents from the plate and screw into the aluminum float. Completely immerse the assembly for 1 min in the water bath at 5C(41F ). 5C. T
34、hen remove the water from the inside of the float and immediately float the assembly on the testing bath. Lateraldrift of the assembly shall be permitted, but no spinning motion shall be intentionally imparted thereto. As the plug of materialbecomes warm and fluid, it is forced upward and out of the
35、 collar until the water gains entrance into the saucer and causes it tosink.7.8 Determine the time, in seconds, between placing the apparatus on the water and the water breaking through the material bymeans of a stop watch, and take as a measure of the consistency of the material under examination.8
36、. Precision and Bias8.1 Criteria for judging the acceptability of float test results obtained by this test method are given in Table 1Precision.TABLE 1 PrecisionNOTE 1The values given in Column 2 are the coefficients of variation that have been found to be appropriate for the materials and condition
37、s of testdescribed in Column 1. The values given in Column 3 are the limits that should not be exceeded by the difference between the results of two properlyconducted tests expressed as a percent of their mean.Material and Type Index Coefficient of Variation, %of MeanA Acceptable Range of TwoResults
38、, % of MeanASingle-operator precision:Coal tar at 32 and 50C 2.3 6.5Asphalt cements and asphalt emulsion residues (120 penetration and above) at 60C 1.7 4.8Multilaboratory precision:Coal tar at 32 and 50C 4.2 11.9Asphalt cements and asphalt emulsion residues (120 penetration and above) at 60C 10.7 3
39、0.2A The numbers represent respectively the (1s%) and (d2s%) limits as described in Practice C670.D139 1638.2 No information can be presented on bias of the procedure in Test Method D139 for measuring Float because no materialhaving an accepted reference value is available.8.3 The equipment, personn
40、el and quality procedures can be evaluated in accordance with D3666.9. Keywords9.1 asphalt; bitumen; float; high float; pouring temperature; tarASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of t
41、his standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five y
42、ears andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical commi
43、ttee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 194
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