1、Designation: D1511 10 D1511 12Standard Test Method forCarbon BlackPellet Size Distribution1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1511; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numb
2、er in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pellet size distribution of carbon black.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regar
3、ded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter
4、mine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1799 Practice for Carbon BlackSampling Packaged ShipmentsD1900 Practice for Carbon BlackSampling Bulk ShipmentsD4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test Method Standards in the Rubber and
5、Carbon Black Manufacturing IndustriesD5817 Practice for Carbon Black, PelletedReduction, Blending, and Drying of Gross Samples for TestingE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves3. Summary of Test Method3.1 A 100 g sample of carbon black is shaken for 1 min in a sieve shaker
6、 to sortseparate the pellets in a sieve assembly composedof the following sieve sizes: No. 10 (2000 m), No. 18 (1000 m), No. 35 (500 m), No. 60 (250 m), No. 120 (125 m), andpan. The mass by size with specified series of sieve screens arranged with progressively smaller openings. The percentage, byma
7、ss, of carbon black retained on each sieve determines is weighed to calculate the pellet size distribution.4. Significance and Use4.1 The variation in the size of the pellets may relate to the level of dispersion and to the ease of handling. Due to the manyother variables that influence dispersion a
8、nd handling, the significance of pellet size must be determined by the user.5. Apparatus5.1 Riffle Sample Splitter as specified in Practice D5817.5.2 Balance with a sensitivity of 0.1 g.5.3 SievesU.S. Standard Sieves or equivalent, conforming to Specification E11. Sieve Nos. 10, 18, 35, 60, and 120,
9、 havingopenings respectively of 2000, 1000, 500, 250, and 125 m, shall be used. The sieves shall be 25 mm (1 in.) in height and 200mm (8 in.) in diameter.5.4 Bottom receiver pan and top sieve cover.5.5 Sieve ShakerAny equipment that will vibrate or shake a stack of sieves in a manner that will allow
10、 the pellets to separateinto size fractions without excessive pellet breakage. The following three types of shakers have been found satisfactory fordetermining the pellet size distribution of pelleted carbon black.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D24 on Carbon Black and
11、 is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D24.51 on Carbon Black PelletProperties.Current edition approved July 1, 2010June 1, 2012. Published August 2010August 2012. Originally approved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 20062010 asD1511 00 (2006).D1511 10. DOI: 10.1520/D1511-10.10.1520
12、/D1511-12.2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is int
13、ended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the curr
14、ent versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.5.1 Mechanical Sieve Shaker3The Ro-Tap Siever imparts Mechanical Sieve Shaker shall impart a u
15、niform rotary andtapping motion to a stack of sieves as described in 5.3. The shaker machine shall be powered with an electric motor producing181 to 183 rads/s (1725 to 1750 r/min). This will produce 140 to 160 raps/min and 280 to 320 rotary motions/min. constantoscillation to the sieve stack provid
16、ing 280 to 320 rotary motions/min and 140 to 160 taps per minute. The cover plate shall befitted with a cork stopper that shall extend 3 to 9 mm (18 to 38 in.) above the metal recess. Materials other than cork, such as rubberor wood, are unacceptable. The heightamplitude of the RoTap hammer shall be
17、 set at 3.30 cm 6 0.15 cm (15/16(1516 in. 61/16116 in.).5.5.2 Vibratory Siever4The Retsch Sieve Shaker AS200 has variable timer and amplitude settings. When set at 3 min and 0.5amplitude, the AS200 provides satisfactory results. It accommodates a stack of sieves as described in 5.3.5.5.3 Automatic S
18、ieve Shaker5The Gradex 2000 automatically performs all of the required steps including the weighing of thesample and the individual fractions retained on each sieve. The equipment consists of a balance, autofeed system, electric motorthat imparts a uniform rotary motion, pneumatically operated rods
19、to provide the tapping action, and computer and software torecord and perform analyses. Shake time of 1 min provides satisfactory test results. The test sieves are described in 5.3.NOTE 1Top sieve cover is not needed for the Gradex 2000.NOTE 2The Gradex is supplied with one standard tapping rod. It
20、is recommended that two additional tapping rods be installed to provide additionaltapping action.6. Sampling6.1 Lot samples shall be taken in accordance with Practices D1799 or D1900.6.2 Practice D5817 shall be used for blending or reducing samples.7. Procedure7.1 Prepare carbon black for testing as
21、 noted in Section 6.NOTE 3It is not good practice to weigh out the test portion by pouring it directly from the sample container since the smaller pellets will tend to remainin the container while the larger pellets pour out first. Dipping the black from the container is the preferred technique.7.2
22、Prepare the sieve assembly by stacking the sieves in the following order from bottom to top: Bottom receiver pan, No. 120,No. 60, No. 35, No. 18, No. 10, and top sieve cover.NOTE 4Top sieve cover is not needed for the Gradex 2000.7.3 Mechanical and Vibratory Sieve Shakers7.3.1 Weigh 100.0 g of carbo
23、n black.7.3.2 Transfer weighed carbon black to the top sieve.7.3.3 Install the sieve cover and transfer the sieve assembly to the shaker. The stack in the shaker should be adjusted to eliminatelooseness.7.3.4 Start the shaker and allow it to shake as noted below:7.3.4.1 Mechanical Shaker1 min with h
24、ammer operating.7.3.4.2 Vibratory Shaker3 min and 0.5 mm amplitude.7.3.5 Remove the sieve assembly from the apparatus and weigh individually the carbon black retained on each sieve and bottomreceiver pan to the nearest 0.1 g.7.3.6 Record the data and calculate as noted in Section 8.7.4 Automatic Sie
25、ve ShakerShaker:7.4.1 Follow the manufacturers instructions to load software and configure the shake time to 1 min.7.4.2 Transfer the sieve assembly to the automatic sieve shaker.7.4.3 Weigh or measure approximately 100 g of carbon black.7.4.4 Transfer measured carbon black to the autofeed container
26、.7.4.5 Enter the sample identification into the operating program. Repeat steps 7.4.3-7.4.5 as required for consecutive samples.Up to six samples may be identified at one time.7.4.6 Start the testing sequence according to the manufacturers operating instructions.3 The sole source of supply of follow
27、ing devices have been found suitable: the Ro-Tap Siever and the AS 200 tap. The sole sources of supply known to the committeeat this time is are, respectively, WS Tyler, 8570 Tyler Blvd., Mentor, OH 44060, E-mail: . , and Retsch Inc., 74 Walker Lane,Newton, PA 18940, E-mail: . If you are aware of al
28、ternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Yourcomments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1 which you may attend.4 The sole source of supply of the Retsch Sieve Shaker AS200 known to the committee at t
29、his time is Retsch Inc., 74 Walker Lane, Newtown, PA 18940, E-mail:. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive carefulconsideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1 which you may atte
30、nd.5 The sole source of supply of the Gradex 2000 known to the committee at this time is Rotex, Inc., 1230 Knowlton Street, Cincinnati, OH 45223, E-mail: .If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful
31、 consideration at a meetingof the responsible technical committee,1 which you may attend.D1511 1227.4.7 Retrieve report from the computer.8. Calculation8.1 Calculate the pellet size distribution of the sample to the nearest 0.1 % as follows:Sieve No. Mass Retained, g Percent Retained10 _ _18 _ _35 _
32、 _60 _ _120 _ _Pan _ _Total _ _9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 Proper identification of the sample,9.1.2 Result obtained from a single determination, reported to the nearest 0.1 %.9.1.3 Apparatus used to determine test values.10. Precision and Bias610.1 This precision and bias se
33、ction has been prepared in accordance with Practice D4483. Refer to Practice D4483 forterminology and other statistical details.10.2 The precision results in this precision and bias give an estimate of the precision described as follows. The precisionparameters should not be used for acceptance/reje
34、ction testing of materials without documentation that they are applicable to thoseparticular materials and the specific testing protocols that include this test method.10.3 A Type 1 inter-laboratory precision program was conducted in 1988 to determine the testing precision of three samples(Sample 1,
35、 Sample 2, and Sample 3) according to this test method. Both repeatability and reproducibility represent short termtesting conditions. The program was conducted by seven laboratories testing three samples twice on each of two different days.A test result is the value obtained from a single determina
36、tion. Acceptable differences were not measured.10.4 RepeatabilityThe repeatability, r, of the specific screen fraction has been established as the value tabulated in Tables 1-6.Two single test results (or determinations) that differ by more than r must be considered suspect and dictates that some ap
37、propriateinvestigative action be taken.10.5 ReproducibilityThe reproducibility, R, of the specific screen fraction has been established as the value tabulated in Tables1-6. Two single test results (or determinations) that differ by more than R must be considered suspect and dictates that someappropr
38、iate investigative action be taken.6 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D24-1007.TABLE 1 Precision-Type 1 Carbon Black-Pellet Size Distribution+10AMaterialMeanLevel,%Within Laboratories Between LaboratoriesSr r (r)
39、SR R (R)Sample 2 0.62 0.08 0.21 34.36 0.27 0.76 121.45Sample 3 1.77 0.23 0.64 36.08 0.49 1.39 78.37Sample 1 3.52 0.32 0.90 25.58 1.33 3.75 106.64pooled oraveragevalues 1.97 0.23 0.65 32.94 0.83 2.35 119.29A This is short term precision (days) with:p = 7, q = 3, and n = 4.Symbols are defined as follo
40、ws:Sr = Within laboratory standard deviation,r = repeatability (in measured units),(r) = repeatability (in percent),SR = Between laboratory standard deviation,R = reproducibility (in measured units), and(R) = reproducibility (in percent).D1511 12310.6 BiasBias is the difference between an average te
41、st value and the reference (true) test property value. Reference valuesdo not exist for this test method since the value or level of the test property is exclusively defined by the test method. Therefore,bias cannot be determined.TABLE 2 Precision-Type 1 Carbon Black-Pellet Size Distribution+18AMate
42、rialMeanLevel,%Within Laboratories Between LaboratoriesSr r (r) SR R (R)Sample 2 24.89 1.36 3.84 15.42 6.27 17.75 71.31Sample 1 45.27 2.14 6.06 13.39 7.50 21.21 46.85Sample 3 72.75 2.34 6.63 9.11 2.98 8.43 11.59pooled oraveragevalues 47.64 1.99 5.64 11.84 5.90 16.69 35.04A This is short term precisi
43、on (days) with:p = 7, q = 3, and n = 4.Symbols are defined as follows:Sr = Within laboratory standard deviation,r = repeatability (in measured units),(r) = repeatability (in percent),SR = Between laboratory standard deviation,R = reproducibility (in measured units), and(R) = reproducibility (in perc
44、ent).TABLE 3 Precision-Type 1 Carbon Black-Pellet Size Distribution+35AMaterialMeanLevel,%Within Laboratories Between LaboratoriesSr r (r) SR R (R)Sample 3 20.66 1.43 4.05 19.61 2.03 5.76 27.88Sample 1 32.48 1.03 2.91 8.96 5.70 16.13 49.65Sample 2 43.02 0.88 2.48 5.76 1.33 3.77 8.76pooled oraveragev
45、alues 32.05 1.14 3.21 10.03 3.58 10.12 31.59A This is short term precision (days) with:p = 7, q = 3, and n = 4.Symbols are defined as follows:Sr = Within laboratory standard deviation,r = repeatability (in measured units),(r) = repeatability (in percent),SR = Between laboratory standard deviation,R
46、= reproducibility (in measured units), and(R) = reproducibility (in percent).TABLE 4 Precision-Type 1 Carbon Black-Pellet Size Distribution+60AMaterialMeanLevel,%Within Laboratories Between LaboratoriesSr r (r) SR R (R)Sample 3 2.97 0.65 1.84 61.94 1.07 3.03 101.92Sample 1 11.90 1.22 3.45 28.97 3.28
47、 9.29 78.04Sample 2 21.36 1.12 3.18 14.86 2.21 6.25 29.25pooled oraveragevalues 12.08 1.03 2.91 24.07 2.37 6.70 55.44A This is short term precision (days) with:p = 7, q = 3, and n = 4.Symbols are defined as follows:Sr = Within laboratory standard deviation,r = repeatability (in measured units),(r) =
48、 repeatability (in percent),SR = Between laboratory standard deviation,R = reproducibility (in measured units), and(R) = reproducibility (in percent).D1511 12411. Keywords11.1 carbon black; pellet size distributionASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asse
49、rted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the re
