1、Designation: D 1599 99 (Reapproved 2005)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forResistance to Short-Time Hydraulic Pressure of PlasticPipe, Tubing, and Fittings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1599; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yea
2、r oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Departm
3、ent of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resis-tance of either thermoplastic or reinforced thermosetting resinpipe, tubing, or fittings to hydraulic presssure in a short timeperiod. Procedure A is used to determine burst pressure of aspecimen if the mode of failure
4、 is to be determined. ProcedureB is used to determine that a specimen complies with aminimum burst requirement.1.2 This test method is suitable for establishing laboratorytesting requirements for quality control purposes or for pro-curement specifications.1.3 The values given in parentheses are prov
5、ided for infor-mation purposes only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult andestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regu
6、latory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-moplastic Pipe and FittingsD 3517 Specification for “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pressure PipeD 3567 Practice for Determining Dimensions of Fi
7、berglass(Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Pipe andFittings3. Summary of Test Method3.1 This test method consists of loading a specimen tofailure, or a predetermined minimum level, in short-timeinterval by means of continuously increasing internalhydraulic-pressure while immersed in a cont
8、rolled-temperatureenvironment.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method establishes the short-time hydraulicfailure pressure of thermoplastic or reinforced thermosettingresin pipe, tubing, or fittings. Data obtained by this test methodare of use only in predicting the behavior of pipe, tubing, and
9、fittings under conditions of temperature, time, method ofloading, and hoop stress similar to those used in the actual test.They are generally not indicative of the long-term strength ofthermoplastic or reinforced thermosetting resin pipe, tubing,and fittings.4.2 Procurement specifications utilizing
10、this test methodmay stipulate a minimum and maximum time for failure otherthan the 60 to 70 s listed in 9.1.3. Either the internal hydraulicpressure or the hoop stress may be listed in the requirements.NOTE 1Many thermoplastics give significantly different burststrengths depending on the time to fai
11、lure. For instance, significantdifferences have been observed between failure times of 65 and 85 s.4.3 This test method is also used as a short-term pressur-ization validation procedure, where the specimens are pressur-ized to a predetermined minimum pressure requirement.5. Failure5.1 Any instantane
12、ous or rapid loss of pressure shall con-stitute failure.5.2 Any visible passage of fluid through the wall of thespecimen shall constitute failure.5.3 Any loss of pressure that interrupts the continuous anduniform pressure increase, described in 9.1.3, shall constitutefailure.1This test method is und
13、er the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on TestMethods.Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originallyapproved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 1599 99e1.2For referenced ASTM
14、standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohock
15、en, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.4 Leakage at the end closure or fracture of the specimen inthe immediate vicinity of the end closure shall be considered asan invalid test item, not a failure.6. Apparatus6.1 Constant-Temperature BathA water bath or otherfluid bath equipped so that uniform temperat
16、ure is maintainedthroughout the bath. This may require agitation. If an air orother gaseous environment is used, provisions shall be madefor adequate circulation. Unless otherwise stated, the tests shallbe conducted at 23 6 2C (736 3.6F). The tolerance on othertest temperatures shall be 6 2C (3.6F).
17、 Fluid environmentsthat chemically attack the specimens shall not be used unlessthis effect is being studied. In that case, the purpose of the testshall be included in the report.NOTE 2Reinforced thermosetting resin pipe and fittings may showincreasing failure pressures as temperature is raised abov
18、e 23C in thistest.6.2 Pressurizing SystemA device capable of applying anessentially continuously increasing internal hydraulic pressureto the test specimen. Suggested equipment for this test mayinclude the following:6.2.1 Nitrogen Supply (Cylinder Gas) with a pressure regu-lator and hydraulic accumu
19、lator, or6.2.1.1 Pump, capable of applying essentially continuouslyincreasing internal hydraulic pressure to the test specimen.6.3 Pressure Gage, having a precision of not less than 1 %of full-scale deflection with a maximum indicating hand. Thepressure gage shall be selected such that the final rea
20、dings arein the mid-60 % of the scale. The gage should be equipped witha surge protection device.6.3.1 The gage shall be located in the test system at alocation such that it only indicates pressure on the specimenand not indicate pressure built up by water flowing in thesupply lines to the specimen.
21、NOTE 3When testing materials such as Polyolefins that change involume greatly before rupture, a large diameter water supply line orlocation of the gage on the specimen should be used to eliminateerroneous readings caused by the pressure drop in the water supply line.6.4 Timing DeviceStop watch or eq
22、uivalent.6.5 Specimen End Closures:6.5.1 Pipe or TubingEither free-end or restrained-endclosures, that will withstand the maximum test pressures, maybe used. Closures shall be designed so that they do not causefailure of the specimen. Free-end closures shall be used forreferee tests.NOTE 4Free-end c
23、losures fasten to the specimen so that internalpressure produces longitudinal tensile stresses in addition to hoop andradial stesses in the pipe wall. Restrained-end closures rely on a rodthrough the specimen or an external structure to resist the end thrust.Stresses in the wall of restrained-end sp
24、ecimens act in the hoop and radialdirections only. Because of this difference in loading, the expected hoopstress at failure in free-end specimens of solid-wall thermoplastic pipes areapproximately 11 % lower than in restrained-end specimens. The testresults will reflect this difference in test meth
25、od.6.5.2 FittingsCaps and plugs for fittings shall not extendbeyond the bottom thread or the bottom of the socket.NOTE 5For purposes of determining the ultimate rupture strength offittings, a metal band not extending more than one third of the threaded orsocket depth, may be used: When the mode of f
26、ailure of a piping systemis to be determined, no reinforcement shall be used.7. Test Specimen7.1 Pipe or Tubing:7.1.1 Specimen SizeFor pipe sizes of 6 in. (150 mm) orless, the specimen length between the end closures shall be notless than five times the outside diameter of the pipe, but in nocase le
27、ss than 12 in. (300 mm). For larger sizes, the minimumlength shall be not less than three times the outside diameter,but in no case less than 30 in. (760 mm).7.1.2 Sample SizeUnless otherwise specified five speci-mens shall be tested.7.1.3 MeasurementsDimensions shall be determined inaccordance with
28、 Test Method D 2122 or Practice D 3567.7.2 Fittings:7.2.1 Specimen SizeSpecimens shall consist of completefittings without alteration.7.2.2 Sample SizeUnless otherwise specified five speci-mens shall be tested.7.2.3 Specimen SurfaceAll surfaces of the specimensshall be free of visible flaws, scratch
29、es, or other imperfections,except for the usual marks common on good extrusions andmolding, unless these imperfections are being investigated, inwhich case the purpose shall be included in the report alongwith a description of the imperfections.7.3 Systems (Pipe, Fittings, and Joints):7.3.1 Systems
30、shall be prepared from pipe and fittingsmeeting the requirements of 7.1 and 7.2, unless otherwisespecified.7.3.2 The pipe and fittings shall be joined as recommendedby the manufacturer using solvent cement, heat fusion, or othertechniques. When solvent cements are used they shall meet therequirement
31、s of the relevant solvent cement specification.8. Conditioning8.1 Test specimens shall be conditioned at the test tempera-ture for a minimum of1hinaliquid bath or 16 h in a gaseousmedium before pressurizing, unless otherwise specified. Unlessotherwise agreed upon, the test temperature shall be 23 6
32、2C(73 6 3.6F) for thermoplastic pipe. For thermosets, test at 236 2C or at maximum rated temperature depending onintended service.9. Procedure9.1 Procedure A:9.1.1 Attach the end closures to the specimen and fill itcompletely with test fluid which is maintained at the testtemperature. Attach specime
33、n to the pressuring device, makingcertain no gas is entrapped when using liquids. The specimenshall be completely immersed in the conditioning medium.9.1.2 Condition the specimen as specified in 8.1.9.1.3 Increase the pressure uniformly and continuously untilthe specimen fails, measuring the time wi
34、th a stop watch. Iffailure time is less than 60 s, reduce the rate of loading andrepeat the test. The time to failure for all specimens shall bebetween 60 and 70 s.9.1.4 Record the pressure and time-to-failure.D 1599 99 (2005)2NOTE 6If additional data can be obtained by continued pressurizationafter
35、 failure (as defined in Section 5), it is the testers prerogative to do sobut is beyond the scope of this method.9.2 Procedure B:9.2.1 Prepare the test specimen in the same way as de-scribed in Procedure A (9.1.1 to 9.1.2).9.2.2 Increase the pressure uniformly and continuously,measuring the time. To
36、 determine that the specimen complieswith a minimum burst requirement the specimen shall burstbetween 60 and 70 s, or the minimum burst pressure shall bereached or exceeded between 60 and 70 s.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the pipe hoop stress as follows:S 5 P D 2 t!/2t for outside diameter controll
37、ed pipeorS 5 P d 1 t!/2t for inside diameter controlled pipewhere:S = hoop stress, psi (or MPa),P = internal pressure, psi (or MPa),D = average outside diameter, in. (or mm). For reinforcedthermosetting pipe, outside diameter shall not includenonreinforced covers,d = average inside diameter, in. (or
38、 mm), andt = minimum wall thickness, in. (or mm). For reinforcedthermosetting pipe use minimum reinforced wall thick-ness.NOTE 7An alternative method for calculating the hoop stress ofreinforced pipe is given in the Annex of Specification D 3517.11. Report11.1 The report shall include the following:
39、11.1.1 Complete identification of the specimens, includingmaterial, manufacturers name and code number, type, source,and previous history.11.1.2 Procedure used, either A or B.11.1.3 Pipe dimensions, including nominal size, minimumwall thickness, and average outside diameter. For reinforcedthermosett
40、ing pipe, wall thickness and outside diameter shallbe reinforced dimensions only. Unreinforced thicknesses shallalso be reported. For fittings, report nominal size and schedule,or pressure rating.11.1.4 Type of end closure used, that is, free or restrained,11.1.5 Number of specimens tested.11.1.6 Te
41、st temperature.11.1.7 Test environment, including conditioning time.11.1.8 Purpose of the tests. Refer also to 6.1 and 7.2.3.11.1.9 Failure pressure and failure time (Procedure A or B)or minimum pressure reached and time to reach minimumpressure (Procedure B) for each specimen.11.1.10 For pipe, calc
42、ulate the average maximum stress andthe standard deviation.11.1.11 Type of failure for Procedure A (bursting, cracking,splitting, weeping, leaking).11.1.12 Date of test.12. Precision and Bias312.1 Precision3Based on a mini laboratory round-robinconducted on 2-in. medium density polyethylene pipe, th
43、eprecision (one standard deviation) of this test method formedium density polyethylene pipe is as follows:12.1.1 Within-laboratory, 63 % (repeatability).12.1.2 Between-laboratory, 66 % (reproducibility).12.2 BiasData obtained using this test method are be-lieved to be reliable, since accepted techni
44、ques of analysis areused. However, because no referee method is available, no biasstatement can be made.13. Keywords13.1 burst pressure; plastic fittings; plastic pipe; plastictubing; short-term hydrostatic pressureASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights ass
45、erted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time b
46、y the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will rece
47、ive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM Inte
48、rnational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR: F 17-1038.D 1599 99 (2005)3
