1、Designation: D1599 99 (Reapproved 2011)D1599 14 An American National StandardStandard Test Method forResistance to Short-Time Hydraulic Pressure of PlasticPipe, Tubing, and Fittings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1599; the number immediately following the designation indicates
2、the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U
3、.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of either thermoplastic or reinforced thermosetting resin pipe,tubing, or fittings to hydraulic presssurepressure in a short time period. Procedure A is used to determine burst pressure of aspeci
4、men if the mode of failure is to be determined. Procedure B is used to determine that a specimen complies with a minimumburst requirement.1.2 This test method is suitable for establishing laboratory testing requirements for quality control purposes or for procurementspecifications.1.3 The values sta
5、ted in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information purposes only. only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, asso
6、ciated with its use. It is the responsibilityof whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of
7、 Thermoplastic Pipe and FittingsD3517 Specification for “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pressure PipeD3567 Practice for Determining Dimensions of “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Pipe and Fittings3. Summary of Test Method3.1 This test method consist
8、s of loading a specimen to failure, or a predetermined minimum level, in short-time interval bymeans of continuously increasing internal hydraulic-pressure while immersed in a controlled-temperature environment.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method establishes the short-time hydraulic failure
9、pressure of thermoplastic or reinforced thermosetting resin pipe,tubing, or fittings. Data obtained by this test method are of use only in predicting the behavior of pipe, tubing, and fittings underconditions of temperature, time, method of loading, and hoop stress similar to those used in the actua
10、l test. They are generally notindicative of the long-term strength of thermoplastic or reinforced thermosetting resin pipe, tubing, and fittings.4.2 Procurement specifications utilizing this test method may stipulate a minimum and maximum time for failure other than the60 to 70 s listed in 9.1.3. Ei
11、ther the internal hydraulic pressure or the hoop stress may be listed in the requirements.NOTE 1Many thermoplastics give significantly different burst strengths depending on the time to failure. For instance, significant differences havebeen observed between failure times of 65 and 85 s.4.3 This tes
12、t method is also used as a short-term pressurization validation procedure, where the specimens are pressurized toa predetermined minimum pressure requirement.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
13、F17.40 on Test Methods.Current edition approved April 1, 2011April 15, 2014. Published November 2011November 2014. Originally approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in20052011 as D1599 99 (2005).(2011). DOI: 10.1520/D1599-99R11.10.1520/D1599-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM
14、 website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indi
15、cation of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be c
16、onsidered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Failure5.1 Any instantaneous or rapid loss of pressure shall constitute failure.5.2 An
17、y visible passage of fluid through the wall of the specimen shall constitute failure.5.3 Any loss of pressure that interrupts the continuous and uniform pressure increase, described in 9.1.3, shall constitute failure.5.4 Leakage at the end closure or fracture of the specimen in the immediate vicinit
18、y of the end closure shall be considered asan invalid test item, not a failure.6. Apparatus6.1 Constant-Temperature BathA water bath or other fluid bath equipped so that uniform temperature is maintainedthroughout the bath. This may require agitation. If an air or other gaseous environment is used,
19、provisions shall be made foradequate circulation. Unless otherwise stated, the tests shall be conducted at 23 6 2C (736 3.6F).736 3.6F (23 6 2C). Thetolerance on other test temperatures shall be 6 2C (3.6F).3.6F (6 2C). Fluid environments that chemically attack thespecimens shall not be used unless
20、this effect is being studied. In that case, the purpose of the test shall be included in the report.NOTE 2Reinforced thermosetting resin pipe and fittings may show increasing failure pressures as temperature is raised above 23C 73.4F (23C)in this test.6.2 Pressurizing SystemAdevice capable of applyi
21、ng an essentially continuously increasing internal hydraulic pressure to thetest specimen. Suggested equipment for this test may include the following:6.2.1 Nitrogen Supply (Cylinder Gas) with a pressure regulator and hydraulic accumulator, or6.2.1.1 Pump, capable of applying essentially continuousl
22、y increasing internal hydraulic pressure to the test specimen.6.3 Pressure Gage, Indicating System: having a precision of not less than 1 % of full-scale deflection with a maximumindicating hand. The pressure gage shall be selected such that the final readings are in the mid-60 % of the scale. The g
23、age shouldbe equipped with a surge protection device.6.3.1 Pressure GaugesWhen used, mechanical pressure gauges shall have a precision within 1 % of full-scale deflection witha maximum indicating hand.6.3.2 Pressure TransducersWhen used, pressure transducers shall have a precision with 1% of full-sc
24、ale deflection. Thesystem shall have the capability to save the maximum test pressure for retrival and display after the completion of the test.6.3.3 The gage pressure indicating apparatus (gauge or pressure transducer) shall be located in the test system at a location suchthat it only indicates pre
25、ssure on the specimen and does not indicate pressure built up by water flowing in the supply lines to thespecimen.NOTE 3The pressure indicating apparatus (gauge or pressure transducer) should be equipped with a pressure surge protection device.NOTE 4When testing materials such as Polyolefins that ch
26、ange in volume greatly before rupture, a large diameter water supply line or location ofthe gauge on the specimen should be used to eliminate erroneous readings caused by the pressure drop in the water supply line.NOTE 3When testing materials such as Polyolefins that change in volume greatly before
27、rupture, a large diameter water supply line or location ofthe gage on the specimen should be used to eliminate erroneous readings caused by the pressure drop in the water supply line.6.4 Timing DeviceStop watch or equivalent.6.5 Specimen End Closures:6.5.1 Pipe or TubingEither free-end or restrained
28、-end closures, that will withstand the maximum test pressures, may be used.Closures shall be designed so that they do not cause failure of the specimen. Free-end closures shall be used for referee tests.NOTE 5Free-end closures fasten to the specimen so that internal pressure produces longitudinal te
29、nsile stresses in addition to hoop and radialstessesstresses in the pipe wall. Restrained-end closures rely on a rod through the specimen or an external structure to resist the end thrust. Stresses inthe wall of restrained-end specimens act in the hoop and radial directions only. Because of this dif
30、ference in loading, the expected hoop stress at failurein free-end specimens of solid-wall thermoplastic pipes are approximately 11 % lower than in restrained-end specimens. The test results will reflect thisdifference in test method.6.5.2 FittingsCaps and plugs for fittings shall not extend beyond
31、the bottom thread or the bottom of the socket.NOTE 6For purposes of determining the ultimate rupture strength of fittings, a metal band not extending more than one third of the threaded or socketdepth, may be used: When the mode of failure of a piping system is to be determined, no reinforcement sha
32、ll be used.7. Test Specimen7.1 Pipe or Tubing:7.1.1 Specimen SizeFor pipe sizes of 6 in. (150 mm) or less, the specimen length between the end closures shall be not lessthan five times the outside diameter of the pipe, but in no case less than 12 in. (300 mm). For larger sizes, the minimum lengthsha
33、ll be not less than three times the outside diameter, but in no case less than 30 in. (760 mm).7.1.2 Sample SizeUnless otherwise specified five specimens shall be tested.7.1.3 MeasurementsDimensions shall be determined in accordance with Test Method D2122 or Practice D3567.7.2 Fittings:D1599 1427.2.
34、1 Specimen SizeSpecimens shall consist of complete fittings without alteration.7.2.2 Sample SizeUnless otherwise specified five specimens shall be tested.7.2.3 Specimen SurfaceAll surfaces of the specimens shall be free of visible flaws, scratches, or other imperfections, exceptfor the usual marks c
35、ommon on good extrusions and molding, unless these imperfections are being investigated, in which case thepurpose shall be included in the report along with a description of the imperfections.7.3 Systems (Pipe, Fittings, and Joints):7.3.1 Systems shall be prepared from pipe and fittings meeting the
36、requirements of 7.1 and 7.2, unless otherwise specified.7.3.2 The pipe and fittings shall be joined as recommended by the manufacturer using solvent cement, heat fusion, or othertechniques. When solvent cements are used they shall meet the requirements of the relevant solvent cement specification.8.
37、 Conditioning8.1 Test specimens shall be conditioned at the test temperature for a minimum of 1 h in a liquid bath or 16 h in a gaseousmedium before pressurizing, unless otherwise specified. Unless otherwise agreed upon, the test temperature shall be 2373 6 2C(733.6F (23 6 3.6F)2C) for thermoplastic
38、 pipe. For thermosets, test at 23 6 2C 35.6F (23 6 2C) or at maximum ratedtemperature depending on intended service.9. Procedure9.1 Procedure A:9.1.1 Attach the end closures to the specimen and fill it completely with test fluid which is maintained at the test temperature.Attach specimen to the pres
39、suring device, making certain no gas is entrapped when using liquids.The specimen shall be completelyimmersed in the conditioning medium.9.1.2 Condition the specimen as specified in 8.1.9.1.3 Increase the pressure uniformly and continuously until the specimen fails, measuring the time with a stop wa
40、tch. If failuretime is less than 60 s, reduce the rate of loading and repeat the test. The time to failure for all specimens shall be between 60 and70 s.9.1.4 Record the pressure and time-to-failure.NOTE 7If additional data can be obtained by continued pressurization after failure (as defined in Sec
41、tion 5), it is the testers prerogative to do so butis beyond the scope of this method.9.2 Procedure B:9.2.1 Prepare the test specimen in the same way as described in Procedure A (9.1.1 to 9.1.2).9.2.2 Increase the pressure uniformly and continuously, measuring the time. To determine that the specime
42、n complies with aminimum burst requirement the specimen shall burst between 60 and 70 s, or the minimum burst pressure shall be reached orexceeded between 60 and 70 s.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the pipe hoop stress as follows:S 5PD 2 t!/2t for outside diameter controlled pipeorS 5Pd1t!/2t for ins
43、ide diameter controlled pipewhere:S = hoop stress, psi (or MPa),P = internal pressure, psi (or MPa),D = average outside diameter, in. (or mm). For reinforced thermosetting pipe, outside diameter shall not include nonreinforcedcovers,d = average inside diameter, in. (or mm), andt = minimum wall thick
44、ness, in. (or mm). For reinforced thermosetting pipe use minimum reinforced wall thickness.NOTE 8An alternative method for calculating the hoop stress of reinforced pipe is given in the Annex of Specification D3517.11. Report11.1 The report shall include the following:11.1.1 Complete identification
45、of the specimens, including material, manufacturers name and code number, type, source, andprevious history.11.1.2 Procedure used, either A or B.11.1.3 Pipe dimensions, including nominal size, minimum wall thickness, and average outside diameter. For reinforcedthermosetting pipe, wall thickness and
46、outside diameter shall be reinforced dimensions only. Unreinforced thicknesses shall alsobe reported. For fittings, report nominal size and schedule, or pressure rating.11.1.4 Type of end closure used, that is, free or restrained,D1599 14311.1.5 Number of specimens tested.11.1.6 Test temperature.11.
47、1.7 Test environment, including conditioning time.11.1.8 Purpose of the tests. Refer also to 6.1 and 7.2.3.11.1.9 Failure pressure and failure time (Procedure A or B) or minimum pressure reached and time to reach minimum pressure(Procedure B) for each specimen.11.1.10 For pipe, calculate the average
48、 maximum stress and the standard deviation.11.1.11 Type of failure for Procedure A (bursting, cracking, splitting, weeping, leaking).11.1.12 Date of test.12. Precision and Bias312.1 Precision3Based on a mini laboratory round-robin conducted on 2-in. (50.8 mm) medium density polyethylene pipe, thepre
49、cision (one standard deviation) of this test method for medium density polyethylene pipe is as follows:12.1.1 Within-laboratory, 63 % (repeatability).12.1.2 Between-laboratory, 66 % (reproducibility).12.2 BiasData obtained using this test method are believed to be reliable, since accepted techniques of analysis are used.However, because no referee method is available, no bias statement can be made.13. Keywords13.1 burst pressure; plastic fittings; plastic pipe; plastic tubing; short-term hydrostatic pressureSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommitte
