1、Designation: D1599 18Standard Test Method forResistance to Short-Time Hydraulic Pressure of PlasticPipe, Tubing, and Fittings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1599; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision
2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method
3、covers the determination of the resis-tance of thermoplastic pipe, tubing and fittings, and reinforcedthermosetting pipe and reinforced thermoplastic pipe to hy-draulic pressure in a short time period. Procedure A is used todetermine burst pressure of a specimen if the mode of failureis to be determ
4、ined. Procedure B is used to determine that aspecimen complies with a minimum burst requirement.NOTE 1Reinforced thermoplastic pipe is a three-layer constructionconsisting of a thermoplastic core layer around which is wound acontinuous helical reinforcement layer. A protective thermoplastic coverlay
5、er is applied over the reinforcement. For design and pressure, thethermoplastic core and cover layers are not considered hoop stress bearingelements. All of the hoop stress is taken up by the reinforcement layer.1.2 This test method is suitable for establishing laboratorytesting requirements for qua
6、lity control purposes or for pro-curement specifications.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not p
7、urport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international stan
8、dard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. R
9、eferenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-moplastic Pipe and FittingsD3517 Specification for “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pressure PipeD3567 Practice for Determining Dimensions of “Fiberglass”(Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Therm
10、osetting Resin) Pipe andFittings3. Summary of Test Method3.1 This test method consists of loading a specimen tofailure, or a predetermined minimum level, in short-timeinterval by means of continuously increasing internalhydraulic-pressure while immersed in a controlled-temperatureenvironment.4. Sign
11、ificance and Use4.1 This test method establishes the short term hydraulicfailure pressure of thermoplastic pipe, tubing and fittings, andreinforced thermosetting pipe, and reinforced thermoplasticpipe. Data obtained by this test method are of use only inpredicting the behavior of pipe, tubing, and f
12、ittings underconditions of temperature, time, method of loading, and hoopstress similar to those used in the actual test. They are generallynot indicative of the long-term strength of thermoplastic orreinforced thermosetting resin pipe, tubing, and fittings, andreinforced thermoplastic pipe.4.2 Proc
13、urement specifications utilizing this test methodmay stipulate a minimum and maximum time for failure otherthan the 60 to 70 s listed in 9.1.3. Either the internal hydraulicpressure or the hoop stress may be listed in the requirements.NOTE 2Many thermoplastics give significantly different burststren
14、gths depending on the time to failure. For instance, significantdifferences have been observed between failure times of 65 and 85 s.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on TestMethods.Curren
15、t edition approved Sept. 1, 2018. Published September 2018. Originallyapproved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D1599 141. DOI:10.1520/D1599-182For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book o
16、f ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international sta
17、ndard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.14.3
18、This test method is also used as a short-term pressur-ization validation procedure, where the specimens are pressur-ized to a predetermined minimum pressure requirement.5. Failure5.1 Any instantaneous or rapid loss of pressure shall con-stitute failure.5.2 Any visible passage of fluid through the wa
19、ll of thespecimen shall constitute failure.5.3 Any loss of pressure that interrupts the continuous anduniform pressure increase, described in 9.1.3, shall constitutefailure.5.4 Leakage at the end closure or fracture of the specimen inthe immediate vicinity of the end closure shall be considered asan
20、 invalid test item, not a failure.6. Apparatus6.1 Constant-Temperature BathAwater bath or other fluidbath equipped so that uniform temperature is maintainedthroughout the bath. This may require agitation. If an air orother gaseous environment is used, provisions shall be madefor adequate circulation
21、. Unless otherwise stated, the tests shallbe conducted at 736 3.6 F (23 6 2 C). The tolerance onother test temperatures shall be 3.6 F (6 2 C). Fluid envi-ronments that chemically attack the specimens shall not beused unless this effect is being studied. In that case, the purposeof the test shall be
22、 included in the report.NOTE 3Reinforced thermosetting resin pipe and fittings may showincreasing failure pressures as temperature is raised above 73.4 F (23 C)in this test.6.2 Pressurizing SystemA device capable of applying anessentially continuously increasing internal hydraulic pressureto the tes
23、t specimen. Suggested equipment for this test mayinclude the following:6.2.1 Nitrogen Supply (Cylinder Gas) with a pressure regu-lator and hydraulic accumulator, or6.2.1.1 Pump, capable of applying essentially continuouslyincreasing internal hydraulic pressure to the test specimen.6.3 Pressure Indic
24、ating System:6.3.1 Pressure GaugesWhen used, mechanical pressuregauges shall have a precision within 1 % of full-scale deflec-tion with a maximum indicating hand.6.3.2 Pressure TransducersWhen used, pressure transduc-ers shall have a precision with 1% of full-scale deflection. Thesystem shall have t
25、he capability to save the maximum testpressure for retrival and display after the completion of the test.6.3.3 The pressure indicating apparatus (gauge or pressuretransducer) shall be located in the test system at a location suchthat it only indicates pressure on the specimen and does notindicate pr
26、essure built up by water flowing in the supply linesto the specimen.NOTE 4The pressure indicating apparatus (gauge or pressure trans-ducer) should be equipped with a pressure surge protection device.NOTE 5When testing materials such as Polyolefins that change involume greatly before rupture, a large
27、 diameter water supply line orlocation of the gauge on the specimen should be used to eliminateerroneous readings caused by the pressure drop in the water supply line.6.4 Timing DeviceStop watch or equivalent.6.5 Specimen End Closures:6.5.1 Pipe or TubingEither free-end or restrained-endclosures, th
28、at will withstand the maximum test pressures, maybe used. Closures shall be designed so that they do not causefailure of the specimen. Free-end closures shall be used forreferee tests.NOTE 6Free-end closures fasten to the specimen so that internalpressure produces longitudinal tensile stresses in ad
29、dition to hoop andradial stresses in the pipe wall. Restrained-end closures rely on a rodthrough the specimen or an external structure to resist the end thrust.Stresses in the wall of restrained-end specimens act in the hoop and radialdirections only. Because of this difference in loading, the expec
30、ted hoopstress at failure in free-end specimens of solid-wall thermoplastic pipes areapproximately 11 % lower than in restrained-end specimens. The testresults will reflect this difference in test method.6.5.2 FittingsCaps and plugs for fittings shall not extendbeyond the bottom thread or the bottom
31、 of the socket.NOTE 7For purposes of determining the ultimate rupture strength offittings, a metal band not extending more than one third of the threaded orsocket depth, may be used: When the mode of failure of a piping systemis to be determined, no reinforcement shall be used.7. Test Specimen7.1 Pi
32、pe or Tubing:7.1.1 Specimen SizeFor pipe sizes of 6 in. (150 mm) orless, the specimen length between the end closures shall be notless than five times the outside diameter of the pipe, but in nocase less than 12 in. (300 mm). For larger sizes, the minimumlength shall be not less than three times the
33、 outside diameter,but in no case less than 30 in. (760 mm).7.1.2 Sample SizeUnless otherwise specified five speci-mens shall be tested.7.1.3 MeasurementsDimensions shall be determined inaccordance with Test Method D2122 or Practice D3567.7.2 Fittings:7.2.1 Specimen SizeSpecimens shall consist of com
34、pletefittings without alteration.7.2.2 Sample SizeUnless otherwise specified five speci-mens shall be tested.7.2.3 Specimen SurfaceAll surfaces of the specimensshall be free of visible flaws, scratches, or other imperfections,except for the usual marks common on good extrusions andmolding, unless th
35、ese imperfections are being investigated, inwhich case the purpose shall be included in the report alongwith a description of the imperfections.7.3 Systems (Pipe, Fittings, and Joints):7.3.1 Systems shall be prepared from pipe and fittingsmeeting the requirements of 7.1 and 7.2, unless otherwisespec
36、ified.7.3.2 The pipe and fittings shall be joined as recommendedby the manufacturer using solvent cement, heat fusion, or othertechniques. When solvent cements are used they shall meet therequirements of the relevant solvent cement specification.8. Conditioning8.1 Test specimens shall be conditioned
37、 at the test tempera-ture for a minimum of1hinaliquid bath or 16 h in a gaseousD1599 182medium before pressurizing, unless otherwise specified. Unlessotherwise agreed upon, the test temperature shall be 73 63.6 F (23 6 2 C) for thermoplastic pipe. For thermosets, testat 73 6 3.6 F (23 6 2 C) or at m
38、aximum rated temperaturedepending on intended service.9. Procedure9.1 Procedure A:9.1.1 Attach the end closures to the specimen and fill itcompletely with test fluid which is maintained at the testtemperature. Attach specimen to the pressuring device, makingcertain no gas is entrapped when using liq
39、uids. The specimenshall be completely immersed in the conditioning medium.9.1.2 Condition the specimen as specified in 8.1.9.1.3 Increase the pressure uniformly and continuously untilthe specimen fails, measuring the time with a stop watch. Iffailure time is less than 60 s, reduce the rate of loadin
40、g andrepeat the test. The time to failure for all specimens shall bebetween 60 and 70 s.9.1.4 Record the pressure and time-to-failure.NOTE 8If additional data can be obtained by continued pressurizationafter failure (as defined in Section 5), it is the testers prerogative to do sobut is beyond the s
41、cope of this method.9.2 Procedure B:9.2.1 Prepare the test specimen in the same way as de-scribed in Procedure A (9.1.1 to 9.1.2).9.2.2 Increase the pressure uniformly and continuously,measuring the time. To determine that the specimen complieswith a minimum burst requirement the specimen shall burs
42、tbetween 60 and 70 s, or the minimum burst pressure shall bereached or exceeded between 60 and 70 s.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the pipe hoop stress as follows:S 5 PD 2 t!/2t for outside diameter controlled pipeorS 5 Pd1t!/2t for inside diameter controlled pipewhere:S = hoop stress, psi (or MPa),P
43、 = internal pressure, psi (or MPa),D = average outside diameter, in. (or mm). For reinforcedthermosetting pipe, outside diameter shall not includenonreinforced covers,d = average inside diameter, in. (or mm), andt = minimum wall thickness, in. (or mm). For reinforcedthermosetting pipe use minimum re
44、inforced wallthickness.NOTE 9An alternative method for calculating the hoop stress ofreinforced pipe is given in the Annex of Specification D3517.11. Report11.1 The report shall include the following:11.1.1 Complete identification of the specimens, includingmaterial, manufacturers name and code numb
45、er, type, source,and previous history.11.1.2 Procedure used, either A or B.11.1.3 Pipe dimensions, including nominal size, minimumwall thickness, and average outside diameter. For reinforcedthermosetting pipe and reinforced thermoplastic pipe, wallthickness and outside diameter shall be reinforced d
46、imensionsonly. Unreinforced thicknesses shall also be reported. Forfittings, report nominal size and schedule, or pressure rating.11.1.4 Type of end closure used, that is, free or restrained,11.1.5 Number of specimens tested.11.1.6 Test temperature.11.1.7 Test environment, including conditioning tim
47、e.11.1.8 Purpose of the tests. Refer also to 6.1 and 7.2.3.11.1.9 Failure pressure and failure time (Procedure A or B)or minimum pressure reached and time to reach minimumpressure (Procedure B) for each specimen.11.1.10 For pipe, calculate the average maximum stress andthe standard deviation.11.1.11
48、 Type of failure for Procedure A (bursting, cracking,splitting, weeping, leaking).11.1.12 Date of test.12. Precision and Bias312.1 Precision3Based on a mini laboratory round-robinconducted on 2-in. (50.8 mm) medium density polyethylenepipe, the precision (one standard deviation) of this test methodf
49、or medium density polyethylene pipe is as follows:12.1.1 Within-laboratory, 6 3 % (repeatability).12.1.2 Between-laboratory, 6 6 % (reproducibility).12.2 BiasData obtained using this test method are be-lieved to be reliable, since accepted techniques of analysis areused. However, because no referee method is available, no biasstatement can be made.13. Keywords13.1 burst pressure; plastic fittings; plastic pipe; plastictubing; short-term hydrostatic pressure3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by
