1、Designation: D 2061 07Standard Test Methods forStrength Tests for Zippers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2061; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthese
2、s indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the determination of thestrengths for zipper and zipper parts. All methods are notsuitable for use with all kinds of zipper. The
3、restrictions, if any,are indicated in the scope for each individual test method. Thetest methods appear as follows:SectionsHolding Strengths of Separable Units 25-32Holding Strength of Slider Lock 92-100Holding Strength of Stops 17-24Resistance to Angular Pull-Off of Slider Pull 82-91Resistance to C
4、ushioned Compression of Sliders 33-42Resistance to Pull-Off of Slider Pull 72-81Resistance to Twist of Pull and Slider 52-61Slider Deflection and Recovery 43-51Strength of Chains and Elements 9-16Torsional Resistance of Slider Pull for Removal ofComponents62-711.2 The values stated in SI units are t
5、o be regarded as thestandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations
6、 prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for TextilesD 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD 2050 Terminology Relating to SubassembliesD 2051 Test Method for Durability of Finish of Zi
7、ppers toLaunderingD 2052 Test Method for Colorfastness of Zippers to Dry-cleaningD 2053 Test Method for Colorfastness of Zippers to LightD 2054 Test Method for Colorfastness of Zipper Tapes toCrockingD 2057 Test Method for Colorfastness of Zippers to Laun-deringD 2058 Test Method for Durability of F
8、inish of Zippers toDrycleaningD 2059 Test Method for Resistance of Zippers to Salt Spray(Fog)D 2060 Test Methods for Measuring Zipper DimensionsD 2062 Test Methods for Operability of Zippers2.2 U. S. Government Standard:MIL-105D Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspectionby Attributes33. Terminolo
9、gy3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of zipper terms used in this standard,refer to Terminology D 2050. For definitions of other textileterminology used in this standard, refer to Terminology D 123.4. Significance and Use4.1 The usefulness of a zipper in service can be evaluated bythese tests. No
10、 one test determines the suitability of a zipper fora specific end use. Since the tests are inter-related more thanone may be needed for a complete evaluation.4.2 These methods are considered satisfactory for accep-tance testing of commercial shipments because the methodshave been used extensively i
11、n the trade for this purpose, andbecause estimates of current between-laboratory precision areacceptable in most cases.4.2.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),comparative test should be performed to determine if there is
12、astatistical bias between them, using competent statistical assis-tance. As a minimum, the test samples should be used that areas homogeneous as possible, that are drawn from the materialfrom which the disparate test results were obtained, and thatare randomly assigned in equal numbers to each labor
13、atory fortesting. Other materials with established test values may beused for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratoriesshould be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM CommitteeD13 onTextiles are the direct respons
14、ibility of SubcommitteeD13.54 on Subassembliesandwere developed in cooperation with the American Fastener and Closure Assn.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2007. Published January 2007. Originallyapproved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 2061 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, vi
15、sit the ASTM web site, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM web site.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Phi
16、ladelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias isfound, either its cause must be found and corrected, or futuretest results must
17、 be adjusted in consideration of the knownbias.4.3 The method(s) in the standard along with those in TestMethods D 2051, D 2052, D 2053, D 2054, D 2057, D 2058,D 2059, D 2060, and D 2062 are a collection of proven testmethods. They can be used as aids in the evaluation of zipperswithout the need for
18、 a thorough knowledge of zippers. Theenumerated test methods do not provide for the evaluation ofall zipper properties. Besides those properties measured bymeans of the enumerated test methods there are other proper-ties that may be important for the satisfactory performance ofa zipper. Test methods
19、 for measuring those properties have notbeen published either because no practical methods have yetbeen developed or because a valid evaluation of the informa-tion resulting from existing unpublished methods requires anintimate and thorough knowledge of zippers.5. Sampling5.1 Lot SampleAs a lot samp
20、le for acceptance testing,take at random the number of individual containers from eachshipping carton as directed in an applicable material specifi-cation or other agreement between the purchaser and thesupplier. Consider individual containers from each shippingcarton to be the primary sampling unit
21、s.NOTE 1An adequate specification or other agreement between thepurchaser and supplier requires taking into account the variability betweenshipping cartons and between zippers in a container to provide a samplingplan with a meaningful producers risk, consumers risk, acceptablequality level, and limi
22、ting quality level.5.2 Laboratory Sample and Test SpecimensAs a labora-tory sample for acceptance testing, take the number of zippersspecified in Section 6 at random from each container in the lotsample. Consider the zippers as both the laboratory sample andthe test specimens.6. Number of Specimens6
23、.1 VariablesTake a number of zippers per individualcontainer from each shipping carton such that the user mayexpect at the 90 % probability level that the test result for anindividual container is no more than 10 % of the average,above or below the true average for the individual container.Determine
24、 the number of zippers per individual container asfollows:6.1.1 Reliable Estimate of vWhen there is a reliableestimate of v based upon extensive past records for similarmaterials tested in the users laboratory as directed in themethod, calculate n using Eq 1.n 5 t23 v2/A25 0.0270 v2(1)where:n = numb
25、er of specimens (rounded upward to awhole number),v = reliable estimate of the coefficient of variation ofindividual observations in the users laboratoryunder conditions of single-operation precision,t = 1.645, the value of Students t for infinite degreesof freedom, two-sided limits and a 90 % prob-
26、ability level (t2= 2.706),A = 10.0 % of the average, the value of the allowablevariation, and0.0270 = a value calculated from t2/A26.1.2 No Reliable Estimate of vWhen there is no reliableestimate of v for the users laboratory, Eq 1 should not be useddirectly. Instead, specify the number of specimens
27、 shown inTable 1. This number of specimens is calculated using valuesof v which are somewhat larger values of v than are usuallyfound in practice. When a reliable estimate of v for the userslaboratory becomes available, Eq 1 will usually specify fewerthan the number of specimens shown in Table 1.6.2
28、 AttributesFor methods for which the test result merelystates whether there is conformance to the criteria for successTABLE 1 Specimens Required Under Conditions of Known and Unknown Variability in Users Laboratory Units as IndicatedPropertyAllowable VariationTwo-SidedEquation for n, Using a Reliabl
29、eEstimate of vNo Reliable Estimate of vNumber ofSpecimensBasisAStrength of chains and elements:Chain crosswise strength 10.0 n = 0.027 3 v22 v = 8.45Element pull-off 10.0 n = 0.027 3 v25 v = 12.56Element slippage, lengthwise 10.0 n = 0.027 3 v27 v = 14.97Holding strength of stops:Top stop, holding 1
30、0.0 n = 0.027 3 v217 v = 24.77Bottom stop holding, slider 10.0 n = 0.027 3 v222 v = 28.41Bottom stop holding, crosswise 10.0 n = 0.027 3 v28 v = 16.16Bottom stop holding, stringer separation 10.0 n = 0.027 3 v27 v = 15.60Bridge top stop, stringer separation 10.0 n = 0.027 3 v231 v = 33.75Holding str
31、ength of separable units:Separable pin 10.0 n = 0.027 3 v27 v = 15.46Fixed retainer 10.0 n = 0.027 3 v28 v = 16.34Separating unitcrosswise 10.0 n = 0.027 3 v24 v = 10.70Slider deflection and recovery:mouth 10.0 n = 0.027 3 v2 Bv = 93.11pull 10.0 n = 0.027 3 v2 Bv = 48.20Resistance to twist of pull a
32、nd slider: 10.0 n = 0.027 3 v2 Bv = 51.4AThe values of v in Table 1 are somewhat larger than will be usually found in practice (see 6.1.2).BNo standard number of specimens is given for these tests since they are quite variable and are not recommended for acceptance testing except where the laborator
33、iesof the purchaser and the seller have established their precision and bias, if any.D2061072specified in the procedure, take the number of specimensdirected in MIL Standard 105D for the level of inspectionagreed upon by the purchaser and the seller. The methods towhich these instructions apply are
34、as follows:SectionsResistance to Cushioned Compression of Sliders 30-38Resistance to Pull-Off of Slider Pull 56-74Resistance to Angular Pull-Off of Slider Pull 75-83Holding Strength of Slider Lock 84-917. Test Specimen7.1 The test specimen may consist of a completely as-sembled zipper, length of cha
35、in, or a component, as specified inthe individual method. Unless otherwise specified the zippershall not be attached to an application when testing.8. Conditioning8.1 Bring the specimens to moisture equilibrium for testingin the standard atmosphere for testing textiles as directed inPractice D 1776
36、unless otherwise specified (see 38.1, 48.1,57.1, and 87.1). Preconditioning is not required for zippersother than those made of nylon.STRENGTHS OF CHAINS AND ELEMENTS9. Scope9.1 These test methods cover the determination of thestrengths of zipper chains and elements in tensile tests.9.2 The element
37、pull-off and element slippage tests apply toseparate element zippers only.10. Summary of Test Method10.1 Crosswise StrengthThe ability of a zipper chain towithstand lateral stress is measured by loading to destruction a25.4-mm (1-in.) section of a specimen in a tensile testingmachine equipped with c
38、lamps having special jaws.10.2 Element Pull-OffThe gripping strength of a elementaround the bead is determined by pulling a single element fromthe bead at right angles to the stringer using a tensile testingmachine fitted with a specially designed fixture.10.3 Element SlippageThe ability of a elemen
39、t to resistlongitudinal movement along the bead of the tape is deter-mined with a tensile testing machine fitted with a speciallydesigned fixture.11. Significance and Use11.1 Crosswise StrengthThis test method may be used todetermine crosswise strength which measures the resistance ofa zipper to suc
40、h failures as tape rupture, unmeshing, or elementseparation when the zipper is side stressed during use.11.2 Element Pull-offThis test method may be used todetermine element strength which measures a elements abilityto resist being fractured or pulled from the bead of the tapewhen the zipper is side
41、 stressed during use.11.3 Element SlippageThis test method may be used todetermine element attachment security and measures a el-ements ability to remain on the tape bead in proper position toadjacent elements so that zipper operation can be maintained.12. Apparatus12.1 Tensile Testing MachineA CRE
42、type testing machineconforming to Specification D76with a rate-of-traverse of 3056 10 mm (12 6 0.5 in.)/min. If preferred, the use of a CRTtensile testing machine is permitted. There may be no overallcorrelation between the results obtained with the CRE and CRTmachines. Consequently, the two machine
43、s cannot be usedinterchangeably. In case of controversy, the CRE method shallprevail.12.2 JawsThe back jaws of the clamps on the tensiletesting machine shall be at least the same width as the frontFIG. 1 Fixture for Element Pull-Off TestFIG. 2 Fixture for Element Slippage TestD2061073jaws. The front
44、 jaws shall be 25.4 mm (1 in.) wide and havehardened faces with horizontal grooves 1.6 mm (116 in.) apart,0.38 mm (0.015 in.) deep, and be of a V-shape with an includedangle of 90.12.3 Element Pull-off Fixture,4designed to grasp the head ofthe element by two members as shown in Fig. 1. The fixturemu
45、st be designed to fit the element under test so as to avoidelement distortion.12.4 Element Slippage Fixture,4consisting of a flat plateapproximately 6 mm (14 in.) wide and 2 mm (116 in.) thickwhich is twisted 90 midway of its length and bent at one endthrough a 90 angle to give the fixture an“ L” sh
46、ape. The shortleg of the “L” shall be slotted so that the two prongs thusformed will clear the bead and slip under a element in order topull it along the bead as shown in Fig. 2.13. Test Specimen13.1 The test specimen shall consist of a completely as-sembled zipper or a piece of chain at least 127 m
47、m (5 in.) long.14. Procedure14.1 Chain Crosswise StrengthSecure the tapes of thezipper or chain in the clamps of the tensile testing machinewith the edges of the jaws parallel to the chain and approxi-mately 3 mm (18 in.) from the outer edge of the interlockableelements or the outer edge of the bead
48、s if the bead extendsbeyond the elements. The ends of the front jaws shall be at least25 mm (1 in.) from the slider, stops or end of the meshed chain.Apply an increasing load until the elements pull off the bead,until the tape separates, or until failure of some other kindoccurs. Record the nature o
49、f the failure and the breaking loadto the nearest 2.2 N (0.5 lbf).14.2 Element Pull-OffSecure the element pull-off fixture(Fig. 1) in the top clamp of the testing machine. Then adjust thefixture to grasp a single element on a stringer. Secure thestringer in the bottom clamp of the testing machine asdescribed in 14.1. Apply an increasing load until the element ispulled off or other failure occurs. Record the nature of thefailure and the load at failure to the nearest 0.4 N (0.1 lbf).14.3 Element Slippage, LengthwiseThe test specimenshall be cut to appro
