1、Designation: D 2068 04An American National StandardStandard Test Method forFilter Plugging Tendency of Distillate Fuel Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2068; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、 the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining thefilter plugging tendency (FPT) of distillate fue
3、l oils where theend use demands an exceptional degree of cleanliness. This testmethod is applicable to fuels within the viscosity range of 1.50to 6.00 mm2/s (cSt) at 40C.NOTE 1ASTM Specification fuels falling within the scope of this testmethod are Specification D 396 Grade Numbers 1 and 2, Specific
4、ation D975 Grades 1-D, low sulfur 1-D, 2-D, and low sulfur 2-D, Specification D2880 Grades 1-GT and 2-GT and Specification D 3699 kerosine.1.2 This test method is not applicable to fuels that are notclear and bright because water interferes with the measurementof filter plugging.1.3 Relative tendenc
5、y of fuels to plug filters may varydepending on filter porosity and structure, and may not alwayscorrelate with results from this test method.1.4 Annex A1 describes a standard procedure for preparinga test fluid for use in calibrating the apparatus used in this testmethod.1.5 The values stated in SI
6、 units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is responsi-bility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safetyand health pra
7、ctices and determine the applicability of regu-latory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 396 Specification for Fuel OilsD 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of DynamicViscosity)D 975 Specification for Diese
8、l Fuel OilsD 1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Prod-ucts (ASTM Color Scale)D 2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD 3699 Specifications for KerosineD 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Con-tamination
9、 in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Proce-dures)D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.2 For this test method, fuel filter plugging tendency (FPT)can be described in either of the following two ways:3.3 filter pluggingthe pressure
10、 drop across a 1.6 m poresize glass fiber filter when 300 mL of fuel is passed at a rate of20 mL/min.3.4 filter pluggingthe volume of fuel passed when apressure of 105 kPa (15 psi) is reached. This method of reportis used when less than 300 mL passes at that pressure drop.4. Summary of Test Method4.
11、1 A sample of the fuel to be tested is passed at a constantrate of flow (20 mL/min) through a glass fiber filter medium.The pressure drop across the filter is monitored during thepassage of a fixed volume of test fuel. If a prescribed maximumpressure drop is reached before the total volume of fuel i
12、sfiltered, the actual volume of fuel filtered at the time ofmaximum pressure drop is recorded.4.2 Calibration of the apparatus is required at intervals, anda procedure for the preparation of a fluid for calibration isdescribed in Annex A1.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee
13、 D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Published November 2004. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 206897(2003).2For refer
14、enced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copy
15、right ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended for use in evaluatingdistillate fuel cleanliness in those applications that demand ahigh throughput per installed filter.5.2 A change
16、in filtration performance after storage orpretreatment can be indicative of changes in fuel condition.5.3 Causes of poor filterability might include fuel degrada-tion products, contaminants picked up during storage ortransfer, or interaction of the fuel with the filter media. Any ofthese could corre
17、late with orifice or filter system plugging, orboth.6. Apparatus6.1 The apparatus3,4is shown as a diagram in Fig. 1 and iscomprised of the following parts:6.1.1 Pump, capable of delivering fuel at a constant rate of20 6 1 mL/min, and incorporating a pulse damping mecha-nism to produce smooth flow.6.
18、1.2 Pressure GageGage or equivalent pressure record-ing device calibrated and graduated 0 to 210 kPa (2 kPagraduations, minimum).6.1.3 Filter UnitStainless steel body, 13mm diameter,shown as a diagram in Fig. 2.4,56.1.4 Filter MediumGlass fiber filter, nominal pore size1.6 m, 13-mm diameter.4,66.1.5
19、 Fuel Reservoir and Collection ContainersGraduated glass beakers or cylinders, capable of holding400 mL of fuel.6.2 Temperature Measuring Device, having a range thatincludes 0 to 60C. Temperature measuring devices that coverthe temperature range of interest, such as ASTM 1C thermom-eter, or liquid-i
20、n-glass thermometers, thermocouples, or plati-num resistance thermometers that provide equivalent or betteraccuracy and precision may be used.6.3 Measuring Cylinder, nominal capacity 500 mL.6.4 Forceps, spade ended.6.5 Stopwatch, manual or electronic, nominal accuracy0.2 s.7. Sampling7.1 The laborat
21、ory fuel sample from which an aliquot isbeing drawn for the purposes of this test must be representativeof the lot of fuel, whether the fuel is in a storage tank, a tankcar, a pipeline, or other container. The laboratory sampleshould therefore have been obtained by following the practicesof Practice
22、s D 4057, D 4177, or similar standard. The maxi-mum sample size is dictated by the quantity that can be mixedthoroughly (see 9.2).7.2 Draw a representative 1 to 2 L aliquot from thethoroughly mixed laboratory sample into an epoxy-lined can ordark glass bottle that has been previously rinsed three ti
23、meswith the product to be sampled.NOTE 2Because the situations under which samples are taken varyfrom laboratory to laboratory and from situation to situation, no firmrecommendations for sampling can be given. It is the responsibility of theuser of this test method to ensure the representativeness o
24、f the aliquot usedin this test method.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 CalibrationCalibration is required when a new batchof filter media is used, when there is doubt concerning thevalidity of a test result, or when the apparatus has not beenused for three months. A procedure for the preparation ofsta
25、ndard solutions for the apparatus calibration is given inAnnex A1 to this test method.8.2 Apparatus AssemblyAssemble the apparatus as shownin Fig. 1 without the filter unit connected. To ensure that thepump and pipework are clean and to calibrate the pump, fill thefuel reservoir with fuel that has b
26、een previously filteredthrough a glass fiber filter medium. Measure the delivery rateof the pump by timing the removal of 200 mL of fuel from thereservoir. If the time is not 600 6 30 s, adjust and repeat.8.3 Filter Unit AssemblyAssemble the filter unit as shownin Fig. 2 using a new glass fiber filt
27、er medium handled with theforceps, taking care not to damage the filter medium. Themedium is placed into the holder with the face marked with agrid pattern uppermost.3The sole source of supply of an assembled unit known to the committee at thistime is Unitor ASA, Drammensveien 211, PO Box 300, Skyen
28、 N-0213, Oslo,Norway.4If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.5The sole source of supply of the apparatus
29、known to the committee at this timeis Millipore Cat. No. XX3001200, available from Millipore Corporate Headquar-ters, 290 Concord Rd., Billerica, MA 01821.6Whatman Grade GF/A, or its equivalent, has been found satisfactory for thispurpose.FIG. 1 Flow Diagram of Filtration Test ApparatusFIG. 2 Assemb
30、ly of Filter UnitD2068042NOTE 3It is most important that the filter unit components areassembled as above, and in the exact configuration shown in Fig. 2,because any leakage would yield erroneous results.9. Procedure9.1 Measure the temperature of the fuel in the container and,if necessary, adjust to
31、 15 to 25C.9.2 Shake the fuel container vigorously for 120 6 5s,andthen allow to stand on a vibration-free surface for 300 s.9.3 Place 320 6 5 mL of the sample into the fuel reservoircontainer and check that the temperature is still within therange 15 to 25C. Record the actual temperature. If anyund
32、issolved water is apparent in the fuel at this stage (asdetermined by Test Method D 4176), the test shall be aban-doned and the presence of water shall be reported.9.4 Place the pump suction pipe into the reservoir beakerand run the pump until fuel flows from the fitting to which thefilter unit is a
33、ttached into the collection beaker. Stop the pumpand empty any fuel from the collection container back into thereservoir beaker.9.5 Attach the assembled filter unit to the fitting on thesystem, restart the pump, and start the stopwatch.9.6 After 20 s, record the pressure gage reading. If thepressure
34、 gage reading is not within the correct range (7 to 21kPa), stop the pump and check the apparatus for faults.NOTE 4Test fuels having an extremely high plugging tendency cancause the pressure reading to rise so rapidly that the initial pressurerequirement is not met. If this is found to be the case a
35、fter checking thepump and filter units, the requirement can be ignored and the fact reportedin the format given in Section 11.9.7 Observe the pressure gage reading as pumping contin-ues. When the pressure rises to 105 kPa, stop the pumpimmediately. If a graduated cylinder was not used for collec-tio
36、n, pour the fuel from the collection container into themeasuring cylinder. Record the volume collected, rounding offthe figure to the nearest 10 mL.9.8 When 300 mL of sample has been pumped without thepressure reaching 105 kPa, record the maximum pressurereached and discontinue the test at this poin
37、t.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate and report the normalized filter pluggingtendency (FPT) by either of the following equations:FPT 51 1SP105D2for the X kPa/300 mL form in 11.1.2. (1)orFPT 51 1S300VD2for the 105 kPa/Y mL form in 11.1.3.(2)10.2 These two expressions may be normalized in a linearscale th
38、rough the discontinuity point of 105 kPa/300 mL,giving a single reporting format in terms of an arbitrary unitthat is independent of the point of test cessation.11. Report11.1 Report the results of the test in one of the followingforms:11.1.1 If undissolved water is found in 9.3, report Undis-solved
39、 Water Present, Test Not Carried Out.11.1.2 Filter plugging tendency (FPT) as calculated in 10.1from:11.1.2.1 Maximum pressure (P) reading obtained for 300mL of fuel to pass the filter, in the form XkPa/300 mL, or11.1.2.2 Volume of fuel (V) passed at a pressure reading of105 kPa, in the form 105 kPa
40、/Y mL. If condition of 9.6, Note4 applies, the words high initial pressure are appended to theresults.11.2 For every test, report the initial pressure recorded in 9.6and the temperature recorded in 9.3.12. Precision and Bias12.1 PrecisionThe following criteria should be used forjudging the acceptabi
41、lity of results (95 % probability):12.1.1 RepeatabilityThe difference between two resultsobtained by the same operator on the same apparatus underconstant operating conditions on identical test material would,in the long run, in the normal and correct operation of the testmethod, exceed the followin
42、g values only in one case intwenty:0.277 FPT 2 1! (3)where:FPT = the normalized result calculated as in 10.1.12.1.2 ReproducibilityThe difference between two singleand independent results obtained by different operators work-ing in different laboratories on identical test materials would, inthe long
43、 run, in the normal and correct operation of the testmethod, exceed the following values only in one case intwenty:1.405 FPT 2 1! (4)where:FPT = the normalized result calculated as in 10.1.NOTE 5These precision values have been obtained by statisticalexamination of interlaboratory results on a matri
44、x of twelve laboratoriestesting six fuels covering a range of FPT from 1.01 to 6.5. They were firstpublished in 1989.12.2 BiasThe procedure in this test method for measuringthe filter plugging tendency of gas oils and distillate dieselfuels has no bias because the value of the filter pluggingtendenc
45、y can be defined only in terms of a test method.13. Keywords13.1 distillate fuels; filterability; fuel cleanliness; fuel filter-ability; gas oilsD2068043ANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. PREPARATION OF A FLUID FOR THE CALIBRATION OF APPARATUS FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF FILTERPLUGGING TENDENCYA1.1 ScopeA1.
46、1.1 This annex describes the preparation of a calibrationfluid having a known filter-plugging effect in the apparatusused for assessment of filter-plugging tendency.A1.2 Summary of Test MethodA1.2.1 A calibration fluid is prepared by suspending aweighed quantity of 3 m nominal size polystyrene latex
47、spheres into previously filtered fuel. There is a reciprocalrelationship between latex concentration and the volume ob-tained at a specified pressure drop across the filter used in thetest method preceding this annex. Thus, a known filter-plugging tendency (FPT) can be established.A1.2.2 The standar
48、d calibration fluid is prepared from alatex containing 2.5 % (mass/mass) of polystyrene solids andgives a result of 1.60 to 1.87 by the method of test described inthe test method to which this Annex is appended. Otherconcentrations can be used to produce a calibration line for aspecific apparatus.A1
49、.3 Significance and UseA1.3.1 Because the filter plugging tendency test method isvery sensitive to small changes in fuel condition, a standard-ized test method for ensuring that the apparatus is recordingcorrectly is required. Such a test method requires the prepara-tion of a fluid with a reproducible known filter-pluggingtendency.A1.4 ApparatusA1.4.1 The total assembled apparatus as described in thetest method to which this is appended.A1.4.2 Balance, single pan or two-pan type, sensitivity of 1mg, 10 g minimum capacity.A1.4.3 Watch Glass, 50-mm diamete
