1、Designation: D 2095 96 (Reapproved 2002)Standard Test Method forTensile Strength of Adhesives by Means of Bar and RodSpecimens1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2095; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisi
2、on, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relativetensile strength of adhesives by the use of
3、bar- and rod-shapedbutt-joined specimens under defined conditions of preparation,conditioning, and testing. This test method is applicable to thetesting of adhesives with various adherend materials in eithersimilar or dissimilar combinations.NOTE 1An alternative test method for determining the tensi
4、le strengthof adhesives is Test Method D 897.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility
5、of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 897 Test Method for Tensile Properties of AdhesiveBonds2D 907 Terminology of Adhesives2D 2094 Practic
6、e for Preparation of Bar and Rod Specimensfor Adhesion Tests2E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines3E 6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-ing3E 104 Practice for Maintaining Constant Relative Humidityby Means of Aqueous Solutions43. Terminology3.1 Many of the terms
7、in this standard are defined inTerminology D 907.3.2 Definition of Term Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 tensile strength of an adhesivethe maximum tensilestress which it is capable of sustaining. Tensile strength iscalculated from the maximum load during a tension test carriedto rupture and the orig
8、inal cross-sectional area of the specimen(see Terminology E 6).4. Significance and Use4.1 Tension tests provide reasonably accurate informationwith regard to the tensile strength of adhesives. Tensile strengthdata may be suitable for specification acceptance, serviceevaluation, manufacturing control
9、, research, and development.Tension tests are not considered significant for applicationsdiffering from the test in rate, direction, and type of loading.5. Apparatus5.1 Testing MachineA testing machine capable of main-taining a specified rate of loading, with the error for indicatedloads that are to
10、 be measured not exceeding 61 % and theload-indicating mechanism essentially free of inertial lag at aspecified rate of loading. Verify the accuracy of the testingmachine in accordance with Practices E 4. Ensure that thetesting machine is provided with the following:5.1.1 Fixed MemberA fixed or esse
11、ntially stationarymember carrying one attachment fixture.5.1.2 Movable MemberA movable member carrying asecond attachment fixture.5.1.3 Attachment FixturesSelf-aligning type fixtures forholding a specimen between the fixed member and the movablemember. Ensure that the fixtures are attached to the fi
12、xed andmovable members in such a way that they will move intoalignment as soon as load is applied, so that the long axis of thetest specimen will coincide with the direction of the appliedload. A design for fixtures that has proven satisfactory is shownin Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.5.2 Conditioning Room or D
13、esiccatorsA conditioningroom capable of maintaining a relative humidity of 50 6 2% at23 6 1C (73.4 6 1.8F) or desiccators containing a saturatedsalt solution (Note 2) to give the same relative humidity andtemperature.NOTE 2A saturated salt solution of calcium nitrate will give approxi-mately 51 % re
14、lative humidity at 24.5C (see Practice E 104).1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 onAdhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.80 on MetalBonding Adhesives.Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1996. Published November 1996. Originallypublished as D 209
15、5 62 T. Last previous edition D 2095 92.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.06.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.03.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Test Specimens6.
16、1 Description and PreparationBar- or rod-type speci-mens. Refer to Practice D 2094 for the design of the specimensand the procedures used in preparing them.6.2 Number of SpecimensTest a minimum of five speci-mens for each test condition.7. Conditioning7.1 Condition all specimens, except those in whi
17、ch bothadherends are metals, prior to testing for at least 40 h at 50 61C (73.4 6 1.8F). Metal-to-metal bonds can be tested assoon as the specimen has reached an equilibrium temperatureof 23 6 1C (73.4 6 1.8F) after curing.7.2 Special conditioning procedures may be used by agree-ment between the pur
18、chaser and the manufacturer when thetensile strength of the adhesive at other conditions is to bedetermined.8. Procedure8.1 Place the specimen in the testing machine (see Fig. 2),using steel dowel pins and fixtures such as those described in5.1.3 and start the loading. Conduct tests at other than ro
19、omtemperature with a suitable temperature-controlled test cham-ber enclosing the fixtures and test specimen while assembled inthe testing machine.8.2 Speed of TestingApply the load to the specimen at therate of 17 to 20 MPa/cm2(2400 to 2800 psi) of bond area permin, or, if rate of loading is measure
20、d as crosshead motion, setthe testing machine to obtain the foregoing rate of loading.8.3 RecordRecord the maximum load carried by thespecimen at failure. Estimate the percentage cohesion failure,adhesion failure, contact failure, and adherend failure on thebasis of bond area by visual inspection an
21、d record. If dissimilaradherends are used, estimate and record the percentage adhe-sion failure for each material. Discard specimens that break atsome obvious flaw and retest, unless such flaws constitute avariable the effect of which it is desired to study.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the tensile st
22、rength by dividing the breakingload by the area of the bonded surface. Express this result inmegapascals per square centimetre (pounds per square inch)and, if possible, report to three significant figures.9.2 For each series of tests, calculate the arithmetic mean ofFIG. 1 Test Specimens and Attachm
23、ent FixturesFIG. 2 Test Specimen with Attachment Fixtures Assembled inTension Testing MachineD 2095 96 (2002)2all values obtained and report this value as the average tensilestrength.9.3 If it is desired to determine the standard deviation andcoefficient of variation, calculate these values as follo
24、ws andreport to two significant figures:s 5 =(X22 nX2!/n 2 1!v 5 100s /Xwhere:s = estimated standard deviation,X = value of a single observation,n = number of observations,X= arithmetic mean of the set of observations, andv = estimated coefficient of variation.10. Report10.1 Report the following inf
25、ormation:10.1.1 Complete identification of the adhesive tested, in-cluding type, source, manufacturers code number, form, etc.,10.1.2 Identification of materials used as adherends andmethod of surface preparation used,10.1.3 Type of specimen (rod or bar) used and dimensionsof inserted sheet material
26、, if any,10.1.4 Method of application of adhesive and drying, pre-cure, and cure conditions used,10.1.5 Average thickness of adhesive layer after formationof the joint, within 0.025 mm (0.001 in.). Describe the methodof obtaining the thickness of the adhesive layer includingprocedure, location of me
27、asurements, and range of measure-ments,10.1.6 Whether or not flash was removed and methodemployed, if any,10.1.7 Conditioning procedure used,10.1.8 Test room conditions and temperature of specimensat time of test,10.1.9 Number of specimens tested,10.1.10 Speed of testing, and10.1.11 An average value
28、 of the tensile strength. Also, anaverage value of the percentage of each type of failure, that is,adhesion, cohesion, contact, or adherend failure.11. Precision and Bias11.1 A precision and bias statement does not exist for thistest method because resources necessary for round-robin test-ing have n
29、ot been forthcoming.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement
30、 of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or fo
31、r additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known
32、 to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 2095 96 (2002)3
