1、Designation: D 2102 02 (Reapproved 2007)Standard Test Method forShrinkage of Textile Fibers (Bundle Test)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2102; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the unre-strained shrinkage of a bundle of crimped or uncrimped fibersfrom expo
3、sure to some environment, for instance, boilingwater for 15 min.1.1.1 This test method may be used on fibers from tow andfibers removed from spun or continuous filament yarn.NOTE 1For measurement of shrinkage of single fibers, refer to TestMethod D 5104.1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound or
4、SI units are tobe regarded separately as the standard. The values stated ineach system are not exact equivalents, therefore, each systemmust be used independently of the other.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsib
5、ility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD 225
6、8 Practice for Sampling Yarn for TestingD 3333 Practice for Sampling Manufactured Staple Fibers,Sliver, or Tow for TestingD 4849 Terminology Relating to Yarns and FibersD 5104 Test Method for Shrinkage of Textile Fibers(Single-Fiber Test)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For the definition of shri
7、nkage used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology D 4849. For other textile termsused in this test method, refer to Terminology D 123 andTerminology D 4849.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Auniform bundle of conditioned parallel fibers is lightlyloaded between clamps and the nip to nip length measured
8、.Without being removed from the clamps, the bundle specimenis then exposed to the test environment, typically, boiling waterfor 15 min. After reconditioning, the bundle length is remea-sured under the same light loading.NOTE 2Due to the very high variability of the shrinkage of individualfibers of h
9、igh shrinkage types, to obtain a reliable average value wouldrequire an excessive number of determinations, each rather tedious. Thebundle method does not give the true average value, but rather a weightedvalue approaching the highest shrinkage fiber in the bundle. Since theweighted value more close
10、ly approximates the properties found in a highbulk yarn made from such fibers, the weighted value would seem to bemore appropriate.5. Significance and Use5.1 Limited accuracy in measuring the change in lengthproduces errors in estimating values for shrinkage below 10 %.However, this test is being us
11、ed for low level shrinkage fibersbecause the results give have been found to give an adequateindication of average shrinkage at the lower levels. The test isnot adequate for determining variability in average shrinkage atlow levels. If there are differences of practical significancebetween reported
12、test results for two laboratories (or more),comparative tests should be performed to determine if there isa statistical bias between them, using competent statisticalassistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a com-parative tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn fromthe same lot of
13、 material as the samples that resulted in disparateresults during initial testing and randomly assigned in equalnumbers to each laboratory. The test results from the labora-tories involved should be compared using a statistical test for1This test method is under the jurisdiction of the ASTM Committe
14、e D13 onTextiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns andFibers.Current edition approved July 1, 2007. Published August 2007. Originallyapproved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 2102 02.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.o
15、rg, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.unpaired dat
16、a, a probability level chosen prior to the testingseries. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found andcorrected, or future test results for that material must beadjusted in consideration of the known bias.5.2 This test method for testing the shrinkage of fibers is notrecommended for accept
17、ance testing of commercial shipmentsof fibers because only a limited amount of data is available. SeeSection 14.5.3 This test method may be used for acceptance testing ofcommercial shipments of fibers; but caution is advised sinceinformation on between laboratory precision is incomplete.Comparative
18、tests as directed in 5.1 are advised.6. Apparatus6.1 Jig,3consisting of a frame with fixed upper clampsuitable for holding a small parallel bundle of fibers, asmoothly sliding lower clamp and a means for locking thislower clamp in position, and a suitable scale inscribed on thejig to measure the dis
19、tance between clamps to the nearest 0.2mm (0.01 in.).6.2 Tape Adhesive Cellophane or Masking, 25.4 mm (1in.).7. Sampling7.1 Lot samplingAs a lot sample for acceptance testing,take at random the number of shipping containers directed inthe applicable material specification or other agreement be-tween
20、 the purchaser and supplier, such as an agreement to usePractice D 3333 or Practice D 2258, as appropriate. Considershipping containers to be the primary sampling units.NOTE 3An adequate specification or other agreement between thepurchaser or supplier requires taking into account the variability be
21、tweenshipping units, between packages, ends or other laboratory sampling unitwithin a shipping unit if applicable, and within specimens from a singlepackage, end or other laboratory sampling unit to provide a sampling planwith a meaningful producers risk, consumers risk, acceptable qualitylevel, and
22、 limiting quantity level.7.2 Laboratory SampleAs a laboratory sample for ac-ceptance testing, take at random from each shipping containerin the lot sample the number of laboratory sampling units asdirected in an applicable material specification or other agree-ment between purchaser and supplier suc
23、h as an agreement touse Practice D 3333 or Practice D 2258, as appropriate. Pref-erably, the same number of laboratory sampling units are takenfrom each shipping container in the lot sample. If differingnumbers of laboratory sampling units are to be taken fromshipping containers in the lot sample, d
24、etermine at randomwhich shipping containers are to have each number of labora-tory units drawn.7.3 Test SpecimensFrom each laboratory sampling unittake five specimens at random. If the standard deviationdetermined for the container from which the laboratory sam-pling units were taken is more than a
25、value agreed uponbetween the purchaser and supplier, continue testing in groupsof five specimens from the same laboratory sampling units inthe container until the standard deviation for all specimenstested for the container is not more than the agreed-to value or,by agreement, stop testing after a s
26、pecified number.7.3.1 If testing fibers from yarn, carefully remove twistbefore taking the specimens.8. Preparation of Test Specimen8.1 Prepare test specimen bundles by drawing and lappingfibers to align the fibers in parallel. Be careful not to stretch anyof the fibers.8.1.1 If fibers are already p
27、arallel, as in sliver or tow,split-off bundles of fibers from the side of the material.8.1.2 Draw and lap the specimen bundles such that the fiberends at one end of the test specimen bundles are essentiallyaligned.8.2 Make up each specimen bundle so that its linear densityin tex will result in a loa
28、ding of 0.9 cN/tex (0.1 gf/d), by theweight of the sliding clamp as obtained in accordance with 9.1.NOTE 4Wrapping Bundle EndsCut two short pieces of tape. Care-fully wrap the tapes about the end of the specimen bundle. Space the endsto give as long a specimen as practical and compatible with the ji
29、g andfiber lengths. Trim the tape ends to fit inside the clamps.9. Calibration9.1 Weigh the sliding lower clamp to 0.1 g for determinationof specimen bundle size as stated in 8.2. The jig must bepartially disassembled to do this.9.2 Clamp a scale, of approximately 40 mm (112 in.) inlength, in the ja
30、ws with exactly 25 mm (1.0 in.) nip to nip.Position the upper clamp to give a reading of 1.00 in. on theinscribed scale.10. Conditioning10.1 Precondition and condition the laboratory samples asdirected in Practice D 1776.10.1.1 During preconditioning, spread the samples out toavoid any build up of t
31、emperature within the sample that couldaffect its shrinkage.11. Procedure11.1 Make all length measurements on specimens in thestandard atmosphere for testing textiles which is 21 6 1C(706 2F) and 65 6 2 % relative humidity.11.2 Place one end of the specimen in one of the fixedclamps at the top of th
32、e jig. If used, the tape should be insidethe clamp nip. With the specimen in a relaxed state, carefullyplace the other end in the opposite movable clamp.11.3 Repeat 11.2 and 11.3 until all specimens are in thejig(s).11.3.1 If the ends were taped, insert the specimens in theclamps with the tapes insi
33、de the clamp and not in the nips.11.4 Mount the jig vertically and gently release the slidingclamps. The lower clamp and rod (plus a small additionalweight, if needed) should now be imposing a loading of 0.9cN/tex (1.0 gf/den) on the specimen bundle.11.5 Read the initial gage lengths on the inscribe
34、d vernierscales to the nearest 0.2 mm (0.01 in.). Record the length (A).3The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Layman and Russ Machine Co., Inc., P.O. Box 146, Oreland, PA19075. If you areaware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to AS
35、TM Interna-tional Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meetingof the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.D 2102 02 (2007)211.6 Move the sliding clamps inward.Allow ample slack forshrinkage. Lock the clamps in this retracted position.11.7 Expose the sp
36、ecimens to the required test environment,typically, boiling water for 15 min.11.8 Return the specimens to moisture equilibrium with thestandard atmosphere for testing and repeat the proceduredescribed in 11.4 and 11.5 to obtain the new lengths (B).12. Calculation12.1 Calculate the percentage shrinka
37、ge for each specimenbundle to the nearest 0.1 % using Eq 1:S 5 B 2 A!/B 3 100 (1)where:S = shrinkage, %,B = specimen length before treatment, mm (in.), andA = specimen length after treatment, mm (in.).12.2 Calculate the average shrinkage for each laboratorysampling unit and for the lot.12.3 Calculat
38、e the standard deviation, coefficient of varia-tion or both for each laboratory sampling unit and for the lot,if requested.13. Report13.1 State that the specimens were tested as directed in TestMethod D 2102. Describe the material or product sampled, andthe method of sampling used.13.2 Report the fo
39、llowing information:13.2.1 Shrinkage for each laboratory sample unit and for thelot,13.2.2 Standard deviation, coefficient of variation, or both,if calculated,13.2.3 Nominal gage length used,13.2.4 Test conditions (medium, temperature, and time),and13.2.5 Number of observations.14. Precision and Bia
40、s14.1 SummaryBased on limited information from twolaboratories, the single-operator and between-laboratory com-ponents of variance shown in Tables 1 and 2 are approximate.In comparing two averages, the differences should not exceedthe single-operator precision values shown in Table 2 in 95 outof 100
41、 when all the observations are taken by the samewell-trained operator using the same piece of test equipmentand specimens randomly drawn from the same sample andtested on the same day. Differences for other laboratories maybe larger or smaller. The number of laboratories available toperform the proc
42、edure in this test method has diminished overthe last few years. If additional laboratories are identified toperform this test, between-laboratory precision will be estab-lished.14.2 Interlaboratory Test DataA two-laboratory test wasrun in 1995 in which samples of two materials were tested.Two opera
43、tors in each laboratory tested fiber bundle specimensof each material. The components of variance for shrinkageresults and the materials are given in Table 1.14.3 Critical DifferencesFor component of variance re-ported in Table 1, two averages of observed values should beconsidered significantly dif
44、ferent at the 95 % probability levelif the difference equals or exceeds the critical differences inTable 2.NOTE 5The tabulated values of the critical differences should beconsidered to be a general statement, particularly with respect to between-laboratory precision. Before a meaningful statement ca
45、n be made abouttwo specific laboratories, the amount of statistical bias, if any, betweenthem must be established, with each comparison being based on recentdata obtained on specimens taken from a lot of material of the type beingevaluated to be as nearly homogeneous as possible and then randomlyass
46、igned in equal numbers to each of the laboratories.14.4 BiasThe value for shrinkage of textile fibers by thebundle test can only be defined in terms of a test method.Within this limitation, this test method has no known bias.15. Keywords15.1 dimensional change; textile fibersTABLE 1 Materials and Sh
47、rinkage Average and Components ofVarianceAAcrylicHigh-BulkNylon LowShrinkageShrinkage average, % 18.8 3.9Components of VarianceSingle-operator 1.97 0.245Between-laboratory 0.886 0AThe square roots of the components of variance (standard deviations) arereported to express the variability in shrinkage
48、 units of measure rather than thesquares of the units of measure.TABLE 2 Critical DifferencesAin Percent ShrinkageMaterialNumber ofObservations inEach AverageSingleOperatorPrecisionBetweenLaboratoryPrecisionAcrylic 1 5.4 6.0High-bulk 5 2.4 3.510 1.7 3.0Nylon 1 0.7 0.7Low shrinkage 5 0.3 0.310 0.2 0.
49、2ACritical differences were calculated using Z = 1.96.D 2102 02 (2007)3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapprove
