1、Designation: D2162 06D2162 13Standard Practice forBasic Calibration of Master Viscometers and Viscosity OilStandards1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2162; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea
2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers the calibr
3、ation of master viscometers and viscosity oil standards, both of which may be used to calibrateroutine viscometers as described in Test Method D445 and Specifications D446 over the temperature range from 15 to 100C.1.2 The calibration constantsvalues stated in mmSI2/s 2 units are to be regarded as t
4、he standard. The kinematic viscosities inmmstandard. No other units of measurement2/s are to be regarded as the are included in this standard.1.2.1 The SI-based units for calibration constants and kinematic viscosities are mm2/s2 and mm2/s, respectively.1.3 This standard does not purport to address
5、all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7.2. Referenced D
6、ocuments2.1 ASTM Standards:2D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D446 Specifications and Operating Instructions for Glass Capillary Kinematic ViscometersD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD1250 Guide for Use of the Petrole
7、um Measurement TablesD1480 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Bingham PycnometerD1590 Test Method for Surface Tension of WaterE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE563 Practice for Preparation and Use of an Ice-Point Bath as a Ref
8、erence TemperatureE644 Test Methods for Testing Industrial Resistance ThermometersE1137 Specification for Industrial Platinum Resistance ThermometersE1750 Guide for Use of Water Triple Point CellsE2593 Guide for Accuracy Verification of Industrial Platinum Resistance ThermometersE2877 Guide for Digi
9、tal Contact Thermometers2.2 ISO Standard:3ISO 3666 Viscosity of Water3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 digital contact thermometer (DCT) , nan electronic device consisting of temperature measuring sensor in contact withthe material that provides an output to a digital display of the measured value
10、.3.1.1.1 Discussion1 This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.07 on FlowProperties.Current edition approved May 1, 2006June 15, 2013. Published May 2006July 2013. Originally approved in 1963
11、. Last previous edition approved in 20042006 asD216299(2004).D2162 06. DOI: 10.1520/D2162-06.10.1520/D2162-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the sta
12、ndards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been mad
13、e to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A S
14、ummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1This device consists of a temperature sensor connected to a measuring instrument; this instrument measures the temperature-de
15、pendent quantity of the sensor, computes the temperature from the measured quantity, and provides a digital output. This digitaloutput goes to a digital display and/or recording device that may be internal or external to the device. These devices are sometimesreferred to as a “digital thermometer”.N
16、OTE 1Portable electronic thermometers (PET) is an acronym sometimes used to refer to a subset of the devices covered by this definition.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 basic calibration, ncalibration based on the primary standard, water.3.2.1.1 DiscussionPure water has a kin
17、ematic viscosity of 1.0034 mm2/s (cSt) at 20C. See ISO 3666.3.2.2 master viscometer, nglass capillary viscometer with a liquid driving head of at least 400 mm.3.2.2.1 DiscussionIt is specially designed to minimize errors due to surface tension, kinetic energy, and capillary end effects.3.2.3 viscosi
18、ty oil standard, nstable Newtonian liquid, the kinematic viscosity of which has been related to the kinematicviscosity of water through the step-up procedure described in this practice.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Two or more master viscometers, having calibration constants in the 0.001 to 0.003-mm2/s2
19、 (cSt/s) range, are calibrated withwater at 20C. The kinematic viscosities of two or more oil standards are measured at 40C in these two master viscometers.Corrections are made for buoyancy and, where necessary, for temperature and surface tension.4.2 Athird master viscometer, with a calibration con
20、stant of 0.003 to 0.009 mm2/s2 (cSt/s), , is then calibrated at 40C with thetwo standard oils and its calibration factor calculated at standard conditions for water at 20C. In like manner additional viscosityoil standards and additional master viscometers are calibrated at 40C using the average resu
21、lts from at least two masterviscometers or two oil standards. Steps between successive calibration constants or viscosities increase by a factor of three or lessuntil the desired viscosity range is covered.4.3 Oils are calibrated at other temperatures using the average result from at least two maste
22、r viscometers.5. Significance and Use5.1 Because there are surface tension or kinematic viscosity differences, or both, between the primary standard (7.4) andkinematic viscosity standards (7.5), special procedures using master viscometers are required to “step-up” from the kinematicviscosity of the
23、primary standard to the kinematic viscosities of oil standards.5.2 Using master viscometers calibrated according to this practice, an operator can calibrate kinematic viscometers inaccordance with Specifications D446.5.3 Using viscosity oil standards established in this practice, an operator can cal
24、ibrate kinematic viscometers in accordance withSpecifications D446.6. Apparatus6.1 Master Viscometers: Cannon4 or Ubbelohde5 TypeAcceptable viscometers are shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Two mastersare required with calibration constants in the 0.001 to 0.003-mm2/s2 (cSt/s) range. Additional masters ha
25、ve factors increasing inthree-fold steps.6.2 ThermometersTemperature Measuring DevicesKinematic viscosity thermometers having a range from 18.5 to 21.5C,or 38.5 to 41.5C, and conforming to the requirements for Thermometers 44C and 120C, as prescribed in SpecificationUse eithera digital contact therm
26、ometer (DCT) or a liquid-in-glass thermometer meeting the requirements in 6.2.1 E1, and calibrated to0.005C by the National Institute of Standards and Technology or otheror 6.2.1.1 qualified agency. A standard platinum resistancethermometer together with a Mueller resistance bridge having equivalent
27、 or better accuracy is preferable, where available. OtherThermometers 46C, 121C, etc. as required for standardizing oil viscosities at other temperatures may be used.respectively:6.2.1 Digital Contact ThermometerA device conforming to Guide E2877 Class A and meeting or exceeding the followingadditio
28、nal requirements:4 Cannon, M. R., “Viscosity Measurement, Master Viscometers,” Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Analytical Edition, Vol 16, 1944, p. 708.5 Ubbelohde, L., “The Suspended Lever Viscometer,” Journal Institute Petroleum Technologists (London), Vol 22, 1936, p. 37.D2162 132(1) The on
29、ly acceptable sensors are resistance temperature devices (RTD) or high precision thermistors. However a standardplatinum resistance thermometer (SPRT) is preferable.(2) Meeting Class A requirements of Guide E2877 preferably with a minimum display resolution of 0.001C.(3) A combined (display and prob
30、e) accuracy of 67 mK (0.007C) at a 95 % confidence level over intended range of use.(4) A response time of less than 25 s as defined in Specification E1137.(5) Linearity of less than 7 mK (0.007C) over the range of temperatures to be measured.(6) Both the temperature sensor and measurement bridge co
31、mponents of the DCT shall have a report of temperature calibrationfrom a calibration laboratory with a demonstrated competency in temperature calibration traceable to a national calibration ormetrology standards body.(7) The calibration report shall include data for the series of test points which a
32、re appropriate for the range of intended use.(8) If the DCTdisplay unit (measuring instrument such as a bridge) is calibrated separate from the probe, it should be calibratedannually.6.2.1.1 The DCT probe is to be immersed by more than its minimum immersion depth in a constant temperature bath so th
33、atthe center of the probes sensing region is at the same level as the lower half of the working capillary provided the probes minimumimmersion depth is met. The end of the probes sheath shall not extend past the bottom of the viscometers lower reservoir.FIG. 1 Cannon Master ViscometerD2162 133NOTE 2
34、With respect to DCT probe immersion depth, a procedure is available in Test Methods E644, Section 7, for determining the minimum depth.With respect to an ice bath, Practice E563 provides guidance on the preparation of an ice bath however variance from the specific steps is permittedprovided preparat
35、ion is consistent as it is being used to track change in calibration.6.2.1.2 Verify the calibration at least annually. The probe shall be recalibrated when the check value differs by more than 0.01Cfrom the last probe calibration. Verification can be accomplished with the use of a water triple point
36、 cell, an ice bath or othersuitable constant temperature device which has a known temperature value of suitable precision. See Practice E563, Guide E1750,and Guide E2593 for more information regarding checking calibrations.6.2.2 Liquid-in-Glass ThermometerKinematic viscosity thermometers having a ra
37、nge from 18.5 to 21.5C, or 38.5 to 41.5C,and conforming to the requirements for Thermometers 44C and 120C, as prescribed in Specification E1, and calibrated to 65 mK(0.005C). The thermometer shall have a report of temperature calibration from a calibration laboratory with a demonstratedcompetency in
38、 temperature calibration traceable to a national calibration or metrology standards body.6.2.2.1 Calibration CheckVerify the thermometer at least annually against a reference thermometer in a constant temperaturebath or an ice bath. The thermometer is to be inserted to its immersion depth. If using
39、an ice bath, the ice point reading is to betaken within 60 min after the thermometer has been at test temperature for at least 3 min. If the corrected temperature readingFIG. 2 Ubbelohde Master ViscometerD2162 134deviates more than the calibration tolerance from the reference thermometer or the ice
40、point then repeat this calibration check. Ifthe thermometer deviates from the reference value on two successive checks then a full thermometer recalibration is needed.6.2.2.2 RecalibrationA complete recalibration of the liquid-in-glass thermometer, while permitted, is not necessary in orderto meet t
41、he accuracy ascribed to liquid-in-glass thermometers design until the thermometers corrected measured temperaturedeviates from the reference thermometer or ice point by one scale division, or until five years has elapsed since the last fullcalibration.6.3 BathA thermostated bath containing water or
42、other transparent liquid deep enough to immerse the master viscometers sothat the upper fiducial mark is at least 50 mm below the surface. The efficiency of stirring and the balance between heat loss andinput must be such that the temperature of the water does not vary by more than 60.01C over the l
43、ength of the viscometer orfrom one viscometer position to another. The working section of the bath should be shielded from direct radiation from heatersand lights.Astandard platinum resistance thermometer, approximately 450 mm in length, may be used to ensure that the variationin temperature does no
44、t exceed 60.01C. Firm supports should be provided to hold the master viscometer in a rigid andreproducible position within 0 15 min of vertical.6.4 TimerEither a spring-wound or electricA spring-wound, electric, or digital timer capable of measuring time intervals of300 to 10 000 s with an accuracy
45、of 60.03 %. The stop watch, fully but not tightly wound, must be used and tested in the sameposition. For example, if used at 45 inclination, it should have been tested previously in that position. Electric Electric, notelectronic, timers must be operated on circuits, the frequencies of which are co
46、ntrolled. Commercial power sources, the frequenciesof which are intermittently and not continuously controlled, are not satisfactory. Both mechanical and electric timers can besensitive to abnormally low ambient temperature and should not be used when cold.NOTE 3Time signals as broadcast by the Nati
47、onal Institute of Standards and Technology are a convenient and primary standard reference forcalibrating timing devices. The following can be used:WWV Fort Collins, CO 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20 MHzWWVH Kauai, HI 2.5, 5, 10, 15 MHzCHU Ottawa, Canada 3.33, 7.335, 14.67 MHzRadio broadcast of voice and audio
48、on a telephone line at phone number: 303-499-7111. Additional time services are available from the NationalInstitute of Standards and Technology.6.4.1 The timer shall be calibrated at least every 12 months.NOTE 4Alaboratorys measurement uncertainty is dependent on the performance of the apparatus us
49、ed. The uncertainty can be improved (decreased)by using equipment that exceeds (smaller tolerance) the minimum requirements shown in Section 6 as will rigorous maintenance of the equipment.7. Reagents7.1 Acetone, reagent grade. (WarningExtremely flammable.)7.2 Chromic Acid Cleaning Solution Carefully pour 1 L of concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4, relative density 1.84) into 35mL of a saturated solution of technical grade sodium dichromate (Na2Cr2O7) in water. Strongly oxidizing acid cleaning solutionscontaining no chromium6 may
