1、Designation: D2248 01a (Reapproved 2013)Standard Practice forDetergent Resistance of Organic Finishes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2248; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revis
2、ion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the determination of the r
3、esistanceto failure, in an accelerated manner, of organic finishes whenimmersed in a detergent solution.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if
4、any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D523 Test Method for Specular GlossD609 Practice
5、 for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panelsfor Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, andRelated Coating ProductsD610 Practice for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on PaintedSteel SurfacesD714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering ofPaintsD823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Th
6、icknessof Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test PanelsD1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-ness of Organic Coatings Using MicrometersD1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement ofDry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied toa Ferrous Base (Withdrawn 2006)3D1193 Sp
7、ecification for Reagent WaterD1400 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of DryFilm Thickness of Nonconductive Coatings Applied to aNonferrous Metal Base (Withdrawn 2006)3D1474 Test Methods for Indentation Hardness of OrganicCoatingsD1654 Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or CoatedSpecimens
8、 Subjected to Corrosive EnvironmentsD1730 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum andAluminum-Alloy Surfaces for PaintingD2092 Guide for Preparation of Zinc-Coated (Galvanized)Steel Surfaces for Painting (Withdrawn 2008)3D2197 Test Method for Adhesion of Organic Coatings byScrape AdhesionD2244 Practic
9、e for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesD3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test3. Significance and Use3.1 Any effects such as color change, blistering. loss ofadhesion, softening, or embrittlement are observed and noted.4
10、. Apparatus4.1 ContainerA corrosion-resistant container equippedwith the means to control the solution temperature within therange specified and to control the liquid level at 65mm(316in.). Agitation may be required to maintain temperature uni-formity.4.2 CoverThe container shall be provided with a
11、cover toretard evaporation and to contain the test specimens com-pletely.5. Test Specimens5.1 Unless otherwise specified, the test specimens shall be100 by 300 by 0.9 mm (4 by 12 in. by 20 gage) in size. The testspecimen composition, surface preparation, and number of testspecimens shall be agreed u
12、pon by the purchaser and the seller.NOTE 1Applicable test panel description and surface preparationmethods are as follows: Practices D609, D1730 and D2092.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct respon
13、sibility ofSubcommittee D01.27 on Accelerated Testing.Current edition approved June 1, 2013. Published June 2013. Originallyapproved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D2248 01a (2007).DOI: 10.1520/D2248-01AR13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orc
14、ontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Driv
15、e, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16. Coating of Test Specimens6.1 The method of application, film thickness, curing, andconditioning of the test surface shall be agreed upon betweenthe purchaser and the seller.NOTE 2Application and film thickness measurement methods are
16、given as follows: Practices D823, and Test Methods D1005, D1186, andD1400.6.2 The backs, cut edges, and those areas containing iden-tification marks or in contact with the supports, shall beprotected with a suitable coating that is stable under theconditions of test.7. Detergent Solution7.1 Composit
17、ion, concentration, and temperature of deter-gent solution shall be agreed upon between the purchaser andthe seller.7.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, use Type 4 deionizedwater that complies with the requirements of SpecificationD1193.7.1.2 Unless otherwise specified, the concentration of thedetergen
18、t solution shall be 1 % 6 0.05 % by weight.7.2 A typical solid detergent composition is as follows:Parts byWeightTetrasodium pyrophosphate (Na4P2O7), anhydrous 53.0Sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), anhydrous 19.0Sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3), anhydrous 7.0Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), anhydrous 1.0Sodium salt o
19、f a linear alkylarylsulfonate (90 % flake grade)620.0Total 100.0NOTE 3If agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller to use acommercial brand of detergent, both parties should be aware that acommercial brand may have different formulations specific to certaingeographic regions and that commerci
20、al brand formulations may changefrom year to year.7.3 Unless otherwise specified, the temperature of the de-tergent solution shall be 74 6 1C (165 6 2F).NOTE 4A listing of sources for the detergent chemicals can be foundin McCutcheons Emulsifiers and Detergents.47.4 Record the pH of the solution at
21、the beginning and endof each test.7.5 Unless otherwise specified, agitate the detergent solu-tion during the test. The agitation shall not cause any bubbleformation and shall allow for maintenance of panel spacingminimums.8. Procedure8.1 ImmersionSuspend the test specimens vertically in thecontainer
22、 so that at least one half of the surface area issubmerged in the detergent solution. Separate the test speci-mens so that they are not in contact with any metal and are nocloser together than 25 mm (1 in.) at any point in the bath.Replace the detergent solution with fresh detergent solutionevery 16
23、8 h. Immerse test specimens in Type 4 deionized waterwhen the detergent solution is being changed. Do not keep thetest specimens out of the detergent solution for longer than 30min. If successive tests are to be correlated, each test shallinclude control panels. The panel composition and paintformul
24、ation used for the control panels shall be the same foreach test.8.2 Examination of SpecimensWhen the specimens areready for examination, carefully remove, gently wash or dip inclean running water not warmer than the temperature of thedetergent solution to remove the detergent from the surface,and t
25、hen carefully dry by blowing with air or blotting withabsorbent paper. During the progress of the test, examine fordeterioration of the film immediately. If reimmersion isnecessary, do not allow the specimens to remain out of theliquid in excess of12 h, unless otherwise specified. Examinethe test co
26、ating for the failures specifically agreed upon by thepurchaser and the seller.NOTE 5The following methods of evaluating finish degradation in thispractice are applicable: Test Methods D523, D714, D1474, D2197, D610,D1654, D2244, and D3359.8.3 Length of TestThe length of test and the intermediateexa
27、mination periods shall be as designated by the specificationcovering the organic finish being tested or as mutually agreedupon by the purchaser and the seller.9. Precision and Bias9.1 Precision data are based on a round robin in which threefinishes applied to two substrates were tested in six labora
28、torieswith each laboratory making two runs of five replicates of eachvariation. Blister failure was reported by all cooperators usingTest Method D714. To simplify the evaluation of blisteringdata the blister ratings were converted to single numericalvalues by the formula Frequency Number Size 10 = N
29、u-merical Value. The Frequency Numbers assigned were asfollows:No blistering 10Very few 9Few 8Few medium 6Medium 5Medium dense 4Dense 2By this system, few Size 8 blistering would have a numericalvalue of 6.4. The adequacy of precision depends upon thepurpose of the test and should be determined by t
30、he user fromthe data supplied.9.1.1 Using these numerical values the standard deviationsfor the three finishes were as follows (rounded to nearest-tenth):Finish Within Laboratory Between-Laboratory1 0.8 1.42 0.4 0.63 1.3 2.69.1.2 Repeatability:Finish Difference12.8215344McCutcheons Emulsifiers and D
31、etergents, McCutcheons Division, M. C.Publishing Co., 175 Rock Rd., Glen Rock, NJ 07452.D2248 01a (2013)29.1.3 Reproducibility:Finish Difference14.922239010. Keywords10.1 degradationpaints/related coatings/materials; deter-gent resistancesASTM International takes no position respecting the validity
32、of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject t
33、o revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters.
34、 Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is
35、copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D2248 01a (2013)3
