1、Designation: D2290 12D2290 16Standard Test Method forApparent Hoop Tensile Strength of Plastic or ReinforcedPlastic Pipe1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2290; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method cover
3、s the determination of the comparative apparent tensile strength of most plastic products utilizing asplit disk or ring segment test fixture, when tested under defined conditions of pretreatment, temperature, humidity, and testmachine speed. This test method is applicable to reinforced-thermosetting
4、 resin pipe regardless of fabrication method. This testmethod also is applicable to extruded and molded thermoplastic pipe.Procedure A is used for reinforced-thermosetting resin pipe; Procedure B is used for thermoplastic pipe of any size; ProcedureC is used for thermoplastic pipe with nominal diame
5、ter of 412 in. (110 mm) and greater. Procedure D is used for polyethylene pipewith a nominal diameter of 14 in. (350 mm) and greater and preferably having wall thickness 1 in. (25 mm) and greater. ProcedureE is used for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe with a nominal diameter of 14 in. (350 mm) and gre
6、ater and having wall thickness1 in. (25 mm) and greater.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not
7、purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D
8、618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD1599 Test Method for Resistance to Short-Time Hydraulic Pressure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and FittingsE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines3. Summary of Test Method3.1 For Procedures A, B, and C, the test specimen is loaded through
9、 the suggested self-aligning split disk test fixture (Fig. 1)which applies tensile stress to the test ring. An apparent tensile strength rather than a true tensile strength is obtained in this testbecause of a bending moment imposed during test at the split between the split disk test fixture. This
10、moment is induced by thechange in contour of the ring between the two disk sections as they separate. The test fixture is designed to minimize the effectof this bending moment.3.2 For Procedure D, ring segment test specimen pairs are loaded into the suggested self-aligning test fixtures (Fig. 2) tha
11、t aredesigned to apply direct tensile stress to the reduced areas of the ring segment test specimens (Fig. 3) with minimal bendingmoment.3.3 For Procedure E, a single ring segment test specimen is loaded into the suggested self-aligning test fixture (Fig. 4) that isdesigned to apply direct tensile s
12、tress to the reduced areas of the ring segment test specimen (Fig. 5) with minimal bendingmoment.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on Test Methods.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012A
13、ug. 1, 2016. Published January 2013November 2016. Originally approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 20082012as D2290 08.D2290 12. DOI: 10.1520/D2290-12.10.1520/D2290-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.or
14、g. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit
15、may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at
16、the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Significance and Use4.1 Split disk and ring segment tensile tests, properly interpreted, provide reasonably accurate information with regard to theapparent ten
17、sile strength of plastic pipe when employed under conditions approximating those under which the tests are made.4.2 Ring tensile tests may provide data for research and development, engineering design, quality control, acceptance orrejection under specifications, and for special purposes. The test c
18、annot be considered significant for applications differing widelyfrom the load-time scale of the standard test.NOTE 1Procedure C has been used on polyethylene and polybutylene pipe to produce results equivalent to Quick Burst results (Test Method D1599)for 4 in. to 8 in. pipes.5. Apparatus5.1 Microm
19、etersSuitable ball anvil-type micrometers, reading to at least 0.001 in., for measuring the width and thickness ofthe test specimens.5.2 Testing MachineAuniversal testing machine of the constant-rate-of-cross-head-movement type and comprising essentiallythe following:5.2.1 Drive MechanismA drive mec
20、hanism for imparting to the crosshead a uniform controlled velocity with respect to thebase, this velocity to be regulated as specified in Section 9.5.2.2 Load IndicatorAload-indicating mechanism capable of showing the total tensile load carried by the test specimen. Thismechanism shall be essential
21、ly free from inertia lag at the specified rate of testing and shall indicate the load with an accuracy of61 % of the indicated value. The accuracy of the testing machine shall be verified in accordance with Method E4.5.3 Procedure A, B, and C Test FixtureThe recommended test fixture Procedures A, B,
22、 and C is shown in Fig. 1. The widthof the split disk for Procedure A and Procedure B shall be at least 0.1 in. greater than the width of the specimen. The width of thesplit disk for Procedure C shall be 2.0 in. 6 0.1 in. The supports for holding the tension test fixture shall be self-aligning, that
23、 is,they shall be attached to the fixed and movable member of the test machine, respectively, in such a manner that they move freelyinto alignment as soon as any load is applied, so that the direction of the applied pull is directly perpendicular to the split axis ofthe test fixture.5.4 Procedure D
24、Test FixtureAtension test fixture for Procedure D is illustrated in Fig. 2. The supports for holding the tensiontest fixture shall be self-aligning, that is, they shall be attached to the fixed and movable member of the test machine, respectively,in such a manner that they move freely into alignment
25、 as soon as any load is applied, so that the direction of the applied pull isdirectly perpendicular to the split axis of the test fixture.NOTE 2In Fig. 2, the 2.00-in (50.8 mm) wide by 5.00-in (127 mm) long openings are suitable for ring segment specimens that are 1.6 to 1.8 in (40.6to 45.7 mm) wide
26、 and from 1.0 to 4.5 in (25.4 to 114.3 mm) wall thickness. For ring segment specimen wall thickness greater than 4.5 in (114.3 mm),opening size may be adjusted appropriately. Opening size should allow 0.10 in (2.5 mm) minimum width clearance on each side, and at least 0.50 in (12.7mm) wall thickness
27、 clearance. Ring segment test specimen securing pins 0.50-in (12.7 mm) diameter have been found suitable. Tapering or rounding theends of the securing cross pins facilitates installation into the ring segments specimens. See Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.FIG. 1 Test Fixture: TypicalD2290 1625.5 Procedure E Test
28、 FixtureA test fixture for Procedure E is illustrated in Fig. 4. The Test fixture shall be self-aligning, thatis, it shall be attached to the fixed and movable member of the test machine, respectively, in such a manner that it moves freelyinto alignment as soon as any load is applied, so that the di
29、rection of the applied pull is directly perpendicular to the split axis ofthe test fixture.Fixture dimensions are for illustration only. See Note 2.FIG. 2 Procedure D Test FixtureD2290 1635.6 Conditioning ApparatusApparatus for maintaining temperature and relative humidity for conditioning prior to
30、test, inaccordance with Section 7.6. Test Specimen6.1 Test specimen for Procedure A shall be full-diameter, full-wall thickness rings cut from reinforced thermosetting resin pipeby any suitable means. Specimens shall conform to Fig. 46. Specimens shall have a minimum overall width of 0.90 in., and a
31、minimum width in the reduced section(s) of 0.55 in. The number of reduced areas shall be one or two. If two, they must be located180 apart. Reduced areas must be centered relative to the specimen width to within 0.05 in.6.2 Test specimens for Procedure B shall be full-diameter, full-thickness rings
32、cut from thermoplastic pipe, by any suitablemeans, as shown in Fig. 57. The minimum width of the ring, W, per Fig. 57 shall be 0.50-in. The maximum width of the ring shallbe 2.00in. Reduced areas shall be machined as shown in Fig. 57 and shall be located at the point of minimum wall thickness andat
33、180 thereto except when the test is used for specialized purposes (see Note 3). The reduced areas of the specimen must be freeof machining marks and uniform in cross section.NOTE 3The reduced sections for the extruded or molded specimens can be located at any points on the periphery of the specimen
34、provided they are180 apart, that is, even at the weld or “knit” line of the specimen if the strength of these areas is being investigated.NOTE 4Specimen ring width, W, per Fig. 57 may be varied between 0.50 in. and 2.00 in. For larger diameter pipes with greater wall thickness,specimen stability dur
35、ing testing is improved when ring width is greater.FIG. 3 Ring Segment Specimens 1 and 2 for procedure D (See 6.4.2 and 6.4.3.)FIG. 4 Self Aligning Test Fixture for Procedure ED2290 1646.3 Test specimens for Procedure C shall be cut normal to the pipe axis with parallel sides. The width of the speci
36、men shall benominally 1.75 in. to 2.00 in. Two areas, one of which includes the minimum pipe wall thickness and the other 180 deg opposite,shall be wet sanded to remove cutting marks; care must be exercised to retain the rectangular cross-section of the prepared areas.6.4 Test samples for Procedure
37、D shall be full rings cut normal to the pipe axis with parallel sides. The width of ring samplesshall be nominally 2.00 6 0.2 in. (50.8 6 5.1 mm). One ring sample is used to produce ring segment Specimens 1 and 2.6.4.1 Ring sample wall thickness shall be measured, and the minimum wall thickness and
38、the point 180 degrees opposite shallbe located and marked.6.4.2 Ring segment Specimens 1 and 2 shall be cut from the ring sample. Ring segment specimen cuts shall be made not lessthan 2.0 in (50 mm) above and below the minimum wall thickness point (Specimen 1) and the point 180 degrees opposite(Spec
39、imen 2). Ring segment Specimens 1 and 2 shall be machined smooth on both sides to width W (1.70 6 0.10 in (43.2 6 2.5mm) per Fig. 3. Care shall be taken to retain a rectangular cross section.After machining, Specimens 1 and 2 shall be conditionedper Practice D618 Procedure A at 73.4 6 3.6F (23 6 2C)
40、 and 50 6 50 percentwithout regard to relative humidity for not lessthan 24 h.6.4.3 After conditioning per 6.4.2, reduced cross section areas shall be machined into ring segment Specimens 1 and 2, and twoholes for cross pins shall be drilled parallel to and centered equidistant above and below the S
41、pecimen 1 and 2 reduced crosssection areas. See Fig. 3.6.5 Test samples for Procedure E shall be full rings cut normal to the pipe axis with parallel sides. The width of ring samplesshall be nominally 1.00 6 0.2 in. (25.4 6 5.1mm). One ring sample shall be used to produce each specimen.FIG. 5 Ring S
42、egment Test Specimen for Procedure E (See 6.5.1 and 6.5.2)D2290 1656.5.1 Ring segment test specimen shall be cut from the ring sample. Ring segment test specimen shall be machined smooth onboth sides, with care taken to retain a rectangular cross section.6.5.2 Reduced cross sections shall be machine
43、d into ring segment test specimen and two holes for cross pins shall be drilledparallel to and centered equidistant, above and below, the reduced cross section areas as detailed in Fig. 5. Reduced cross sectionareas shall be machined to 0.25 in to 0.75 in (6.35 mm to 19.05 mm) thick thick with varia
44、nce through reduced cross section areasno greater than 6 0.005 in (0.127 mm).6.6 Number of Test SpecimensThe number of ring test samples is optional; however, a minimum of five samples are neededto obtain a reliable average test value. For quality control purposes, the sample quantity shall be one,
45、and in cases of disagreement,five ring samples shall be tested and the average test value shall be recorded.7. Conditioning7.1 ConditioningCondition the Procedure A, B, and C test specimens at 73.4 6 3.6F (23 6 2C) and 50 6 10 % relativehumidity for not less than 24 h prior to test in accordance wit
46、h Procedure A of Practice D618. After preparation per 6.4 throughFIG. 46 Reduced-Section Specimens for Procedure AFIG. 57 Reduced Section Specimen for Procedure BD2290 1666.4.3, condition Procedure D and E test specimens at 73.4 6 3.6F (23 6 2C) without regard to relative humidity for not lessthan 2
47、4 h in accordance with Procedure A of Practice D618 prior to test specimenspecimen.7.2 Test ConditionsConduct Procedure A, B, and C tests in the standard laboratory atmosphere of 73.4 6 3.6F (23 6 2C)and 50 6 10 % relative humidity, unless otherwise specified in the test methods or in this specifica
48、tion. Conduct Procedure B, C,D, and DE tests in a laboratory atmosphere of 73.4 6 3.6F (23 6 2C) without regard to relative humidity, unless otherwisespecified in the test methods or in this specification.7.3 In case of disagreement, special conditioning procedures may be used by agreement between c
49、ooperating laboratories.8. Speed of Testing8.1 Speed of testing is velocity of separation of the two members of the testing machine when running idle (under no load).Speed of testing shall be 0.1 in./min (2.5 mm/min) minimum and 0.5 in./min (12.7mm) maximum for Procedure A. It shall be 0.5in./min for Procedures B, C, D, and D.E.9. Procedure9.1 Procedure A:9.1.1 Measure the minimum width and thickness of the reduced area(s) to the nearest 0.001 in., using a suitable micrometer.9.1.2 Mount the specimen on the lubricated periphery of the test
