1、Designation: D 2293 96 (Reapproved 2002)Standard Test Method forCreep Properties of Adhesives in Shear by CompressionLoading (Metal-to-Metal)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2293; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、 case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the creepproperties of adhesives for bond
3、ing metals when tested on astandard specimen and subjected to certain conditions oftemperature and compressive stress in a spring-loaded testingapparatus.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for informa-tion only.1.3 This standard d
4、oes not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM St
5、andards:D 907 Terminology of Adhesives2D 1002 Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Ten-sion Loading (Metal-to-Metal)23. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsMany terms in this test method are definedin Terminology D 907.4. Significance and Use4.1 This
6、 test method is useful in research and developmentfor comparison of creep properties of adhesives, particularly asthose properties are affected by changes in adhesive formula-tion or expected service conditions, including temperature,moisture level, and duration of loading.4.2 The relative size and
7、simplicity of design of the spring-loaded apparatus permits easy portability and transfer from oneenvironment to the next without disturbing static loads.4.3 The relative simplicity of design with inexpensivematerials permits replication of creep tests at relatively lowcosts.5. Apparatus5.1 Compress
8、ion Creep Test Apparatus, as shown in Fig. 1and Fig. 2.5.2 Microscope, calibrated, with Filar microeyepiece and103 objective lens.6. Test Specimens6.1 Test specimens shall conform to the form and dimen-sions shown in Fig. 3. These specimens are similar to thetension lap shear specimens described in
9、Test Method D 1002,except that the length of either side of the shear area shall be6.35 mm (14 in.) rather than 88.9-mm (312-in.) minimum.6.2 A complete description of these specimens and themethod of preparation is given in Sections 6, 7, and 8 of TestMethod D 1002.6.3 For creep measurements, polis
10、h the edges of the bondedarea of each test specimen, and scribe with three fine linesacross the bondline.7. Procedure7.1 To conduct a creep test, center the specimen within theslot between the washer and bushing of the apparatus as shownin Fig. 1. Compress the spring between the two bushings to thed
11、esired load by tightening the nut. The correct load can beapplied by deflecting the spring a given measured amount asdetermined from a calibration curve.7.2 To measure total deflection, observe the average dis-placement of fine razor scratches across the centers of bothsides of the lap joints with a
12、 calibrated microscope having aFilar microeyepiece and a 103 objective lens.7.3 If the spring load is allowed to continue to compress thespecimen, the observed initial deflection will be followed by acontinued increasing deflection with time. To provide a com-plete history of creep behavior, measure
13、 these deflectionsperiodically with the calibrated microscope for as long as thetest is allowed to continue or until the adhesive joint fails.7.4 If a creep curve at other than room temperature isrequired, perform both the specimen loading and its subsequent1This test method is under the jurisdictio
14、n of ASTM Committee D14 onAdhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.80 on MetalBonding Adhesives.Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1996. Published November 1996. Originallypublished as D 2293 64 T. Last previous edition D 2293 92.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.06.1Copyr
15、ight ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.exposure while holding the specimen to the desired tempera-ture. A suitable oven or cold box may be used for this purpose.Under these conditions, the actual creep measurements aremore difficu
16、lt to obtain. This can be done, however, in one oftwo ways. The microscopic measurements can be madequickly and the specimen and its apparatus returned to itstemperature box before its test temperature has changedappreciably. Or, periodically, additional fine scribe lines can beadded adjacent to the
17、 original scratches across the centers ofboth sides of the lap joints and all of the displacementsmeasured and calculated in terms of differences from theoriginal scratches at the conclusion of the test. If final scratchesare made just before the specimen is removed from thetemperature box, the disp
18、lacement measurements can be madeat room temperature and with the specimen unloaded ifdesired. Furthermore, relaxation of the specimen after unload-ing can also be measured if the displacement readings arecontinued.7.5 If buckling of the specimen occurs due to compressivecreep of the metal, discount
19、 the test and redesign the specimen.7.6 Record the total observed average deflection, the mag-nitude and duration of the compressive stress, and the testtemperature for each specimen.8. Report8.1 Report the following information:8.1.1 Complete description of materials and proceduresused and dimensio
20、ns of the specimen,8.1.2 Creep of specimen defined as the quotient of the totalmeasured deflection and the bondline thickness, expressed inmillimetres per millimetre (or inches per inch),8.1.3 Magnitude and duration of the compressive stress andthe test temperature, and8.1.4 Nature of the failure if
21、 it occurs before the creep testis completed.9. Precision and Bias9.1 At the present time, there is no basis for a statement ofprecision and bias concerning the reproducibility of resultsamong laboratories.9.2 The precision and bias of this test method is a functionof the properties of the cured bon
22、dline. Report precision asstandard deviation of the data and standard error of the mean.ASlotted boltBBushingCSpringpiano wire cylindrical helical compression spring with six activecoils, eight total coils, wound closed, ground square, and cadmium platedDWasher22.25-mm (78-in.) OD, 12.7-mm (12-in.)
23、ID, 1.6 mm (116 in.) thickENut12.7 mm (12 in.)20 NFFTest specimenFIG. 1 Compression Creep Test Apparatus, AssemblyFIG. 2 Compression Creep Test Apparatus, DetailsFIG. 3 Form and Dimensions of Test SpecimenD 2293 96 (2002)210. Keywords10.1 creep; metal-to-metal bonds; shear by compressionloadingASTM
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