1、Designation: D 2294 96 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Test Method forCreep Properties of Adhesives in Shear by Tension Loading(Metal-to-Metal)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2294; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the cas
2、e of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the creepproperties of adhesives for bonding
3、metals when tested on astandard specimen and subjected to certain conditions oftemperature and tensile stress in a spring-loaded testing appa-ratus.1.2 This test method is applicable to the temperature rangefrom 55 to +260C (67 to +500F).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thesta
4、ndard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applic
5、a-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD 907 Terminology of AdhesivesD 1002 Test Method forApparent Shear Strength of Single-Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Ten-sion Loading (Metal-
6、to-Metal)2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:Tension Creep Test Apparatus33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsMany terms in this test method are definedin Terminology D 907.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is useful in research and developmentfor comparison of creep properties of adhesives, particularly asthose p
7、roperties are affected by changes in adhesive formula-tion or expected service conditions, including temperature,moisture level, and duration of loading.4.2 The relative size and simplicity of design of the spring-loaded apparatus permits easy portability and transfer from oneenvironment to the next
8、 without disturbing static loads.4.3 The relative simplicity of design with inexpensivematerials permits replication of creep tests at relatively lowcosts.5. Apparatus5.1 Tension Creep Test Apparatus, as shown in Fig. 1.3Itshall consist of a hollow loading chamber, a solid extension rodwith provisio
9、ns for attachment of test specimens, and ahigh-temperature-resistant spring. A testing machine conform-ing to the requirements of Test Method D 638 is required toapply the static load.5.2 Microscope, calibrated, having 1003 magnification.6. Test Specimens6.1 Test specimens shall conform to the shape
10、 and dimen-sions shown in Fig. 2. These specimens are similar to thetension lap shear specimens described in Test Method D 1002,except for the holes as shown in Fig. 2.6.2 Test at least three specimens for each set of standardconditions of load, time, and temperature.6.3 A complete description of th
11、ese specimens and themethod of preparation is given in Sections 6, 7, and 8 of TestMethod D 1002.6.4 For creep measurements, polish the 12.7-mm (12-in.)edges of the bonded area of each test specimen, and scribe withthree fine lines across the bondline (Fig. 1).7. Procedure7.1 Attach the test apparat
12、us to a testing machine andcondition to a prescribed test temperature. Place a specimenwithin the load chamber of the test apparatus (Fig. 2), andattach to the chamber and load shaft by means of pins.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 onAdhesives and is the direct resp
13、onsibility of Subcommittee D14.80 on MetalBonding Adhesives.Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published April 2008. Originallyapproved in 1964. Last previous approved in 2002 as edition D 2294 96 (2002).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Custom
14、er Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Detailed working drawings for the construction of the tensile creep testapparatus are available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order AdjunctNo.A
15、DJD2294.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7.2 Apply the load by the test machine at a rate of 80 to 100kgf/cm2/min (1200 to 1400 psi/min).After reaching the desiredload, turn up the knurled supporting ring to make conta
16、ct withthe disk (that is, touch plus14 turn) supporting the compressedspring. Unload the testing machine, remove the entire creeptest apparatus (except the loading yoke) from the testingmachine, and place it in the desired environment.7.3 To measure total deflection, observe the displacement offine
17、razor marks across both sides of the bond area with acalibrated microscope having 1003 magnification.7.4 To measure deflection at various times during the test,especially when the environment is other than room tempera-ture, fine scribe lines may be added periodically adjacent to theoriginal mark ac
18、ross the edge of the joint. Make a final markjust before the specimen is removed from the temperature-conditioned area and the load removed. The relative displace-ment measurements, which may then be made at any timethereafter, will indicate the amount of creep deflection at thevarious time interval
19、s. Suggested time intervals are 1, 3, 5, 10,30, 50, 100, 300, 500, 1000, and so forth, minimum, as theseyield approximately equally spaced points when plotted on alog scale. If desired, readings of the changes in displacementcan be continued even after the specimen is unloaded. Theseprovide a measur
20、e of the relaxation.7.5 Record the deflection at periodic intervals during thetest, the total deflection, the magnitude and duration of thetensile stress, and the test temperature for each specimen.Express all loads in kilograms per square centimetre (or poundsper square inch) and, if possible, repo
21、rt to three significantfigures.8. Report8.1 Report the following information:8.1.1 Complete identification of the materials and proce-dures used and dimensions of the bond area including widthand length 62.54 mm (0.01 in.) and bondline thickness60.0127 mm (0.0005 in.),8.1.2 Creep deflection of the s
22、pecimens shown as totalmeasured deflection,8.1.3 Magnitude and duration of the tensile stress, testtemperature, and any environmental conditions,8.1.4 Conditioning procedure used for specimens prior totesting,8.1.5 Number of specimens tested, and8.1.6 Nature of the failure (that is, percent adhesive
23、 orcohesive) if it occurs before the creep test is completed.9. Precision and Bias9.1 At the present time, there is no basis for a statement ofprecision and bias concerning the reproducibility of resultsamong laboratories.9.2 The precision and bias of this test method is a functionof the properties
24、of the cured bondline. Report precision asstandard deviation of the data and standard error of the mean.10. Keywords10.1 creep; metal-to-metal bonds; shear by tension loadingFIG. 1 Tension Creep Test ApparatusFIG. 2 Form and Dimensions of Test SpecimenD 2294 96 (2008)2ASTM International takes no pos
25、ition respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibil
26、ity.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to AS
27、TM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address
28、 shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 2294 96 (2008)3
