1、Designation: D2295 96 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Test Method forStrength Properties of Adhesives in Shear by TensionLoading at Elevated Temperatures (Metal-to-Metal)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2295; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigin
2、al adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the com-parative she
3、ar strengths of adhesives for bonding metals whentested on a standard specimen and under specified conditions ofpreparation and testing at elevated temperatures.1.2 This test method is applicable to the temperature rangefrom 315 to 850C (600 to 1500F).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be rega
4、rded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to consult andestablish appropriate safety and health practices
5、and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A167 Specification for Stainless and Heat-ResistingChromium-Nickel Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip (With-drawn 2014)3D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD907 Terminology of
6、 AdhesivesD1002 Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Ten-sion Loading (Metal-to-Metal)2.2 Military Specifications:MIL-S-25043 Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip43. Terminology3.1 Many terms in this test method are defined in Terminol-ogy D907.4.
7、 Significance and Use4.1 Comparative strength of adhesive bonds at elevatedtemperatures allows for better selection of adhesives that mustperform at temperatures above normal. This test method isuseful in supplying such information.5. Apparatus5.1 Testing Machine, conforming to the requirements of T
8、estMethod D638. Use pin-type grips as shown in Fig. 1 to hold thetest specimen.5.2 Heating Equipment, consisting of a radiant heat source,backed by a high-efficiency reflector for the purpose ofobtaining the desired heat flux. A suitable lamp arrangementfor heating a specimen is shown in Fig. 2.6. T
9、est Specimens6.1 Cut test specimens from panels shown in Fig. 3(a).These test specimens form and dimensions are shown in Fig.3(b). The specimens are similar to the tension lap shearspecimen described in Fig. 1 of Test Method D1002, exceptthat pin-type grips are used.6.2 Base the selection of materia
10、ls on the test temperaturerange. The following grades of steel are recommended, al-though use of other types of heat-resistant steel is permitted:Metal DesignationSteel, corrosion-resistant (18-8) plate, sheet, andstripA167, Type 302Steel plate, sheet, and strip 17-7PH, TH 1050,corrosion-resistant,
11、precipitation hardenedMIL-S-25043The nominal thickness for the sheet 1.270 mm (0.050 in.).7. Preparation of Test Specimens7.1 Cut test specimens as shown in Fig. 3(b) to dimensionsfrom the test panel. Measure the width of the specimen and thelength of the overlap to the nearest 0.25 mm (0.01 in.).7.
12、2 Prepare test specimens by bonding individual strips asshown in Fig. 3(b). Machine unbonded individual strips to sizeand free from burrs or other irregularities.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 onAdhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.80 on M
13、etalBonding Adhesives.Current edition approved May 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originallyapproved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D2295 96 (2008).DOI: 10.1520/D2295-96R16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serv
14、iceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave.,Philadelphia, PA
15、 19111-5094, http:/quicksearch.dla.mil.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States17.3 Uniformly coat both sides of the dummy and testspecimens with carbon black as shown in Fig. 3(b).8. Procedure8.1 Place the specimens in the pin
16、-type grips of the testingmachine so that the long axis of the test specimen coincideswith the direction of applied pull through the center line of thegrip assembly.8.2 Heat the specimen uniformly in the bond area using aradiant source. Ensure that the required bondline temperature isreached within
17、a prescribed period of time.8.3 Perform a temperature calibration on a dummy speci-men prior to test. Calibrate the bond temperature using twothermocouples positioned in the geometric center of the bond.Embed one thermocouple in the center of the bond andsuperimpose and bond or spot weld the other t
18、o the outersurface (Fig. 4). If spot welding is employed, do this in such away as not to cause damage to the bond. Bring the bond totemperature using the embedded thermocouple as the monitorand simultaneously recording the external temperature.8.4 Test the specimen as follows:8.4.1 Allow no slack in
19、 the test fixture just prior to applyingload. If a preload is used, do not exceed 345 kPa (50 psi) atambient temperature.8.4.2 Control the temperature by the external thermocouplewhich has been calibrated in accordance with 6.2.8.4.3 Establish the heating rate and time at steady state forbondline te
20、mperature.8.4.4 The test temperature tolerance is 61%.8.4.5 Unless otherwise specified, load the test specimen tofailure at a rate of 8.3 to 9.7 MPa (1200 to 1400 psi)/min.8.5 Record the load at failure and the nature and amount ofthis failure (cohesion in adhesive or metal, or adhesion) foreach spe
21、cimen. Express all failing loads in megapascals (orpounds-force per square inch) and if possible, report to threesignificant figures.9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 Complete identification of the adhesive tested, includ-ing type, source, manufacturers code numbers, form, and sofo
22、rth,FIG. 1 Specimen HolderFIG. 2 Heat Lamp Arrangement(a)(b)FIG. 3 Form and Dimension of Bonded Panel and Test SpecimenFIG. 4 Thermocouple LocationD2295 96 (2016)29.1.2 Complete identification of the metal used, itsthickness, and the method of cleaning and preparing itssurfaces prior to bonding,9.1.
23、3 Application and bonding conditions used in preparingthe specimens,9.1.4 Length of overlap used,9.1.5 Conditioning procedure used for specimens prior totesting,9.1.6 Test temperature,9.1.7 Number of specimens tested,9.1.8 Number of joints represented,9.1.9 Maximum, minimum, and average values for t
24、he loadat failure,9.1.10 Nature of the failure, including the average estimatedpercent of failure in the cohesion of the adhesive, contactfailure, and adhesion to the metal, and9.1.11 Average thickness of adhesive layer after formationof the joint, within 0.025 mm (0.001 in.). The method ofobtaining
25、 the thickness of the adhesive layer shall be describedincluding procedure, location of measurements, and range ofmeasurements.10. Precision and Bias10.1 A precision and bias statement does not exist for thistest method because resources necessary for round-robin test-ing have not been forthcoming.1
26、1. Keywords11.1 elevated-temperature; metal; shear; tensionASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such pat
27、ent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited eit
28、her for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair
29、hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this stand
30、ard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 96 (2016)3
