1、Designation: D268 01 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Guide forSampling and Testing Volatile Solvents and ChemicalIntermediates for Use in Paint and Related Coatings andMaterial1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D268; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year ofo
2、riginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of
3、 Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This guide covers procedures for the sampling andtesting of volatile solvents used in the manufacture of paint,lacquer, varnish, and related products. The test methods arelisted in Table 1.1.2 For specific hazard information and guidance, see Sup-pliers Material Safety Data She
4、et for materials listed in thisguide.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of
5、this standard to consult and establish appropriatesafety and health practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D13 Specification for Spirits of TurpentineD56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD86 Test M
6、ethod for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip TestD156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products(Saybolt Chromometer
7、 Method)D233 Test Methods of Sampling and Testing TurpentineD235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D329 Specification for AcetoneD611 Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed AnilinePoint of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon SolventsD847 Test Met
8、hod for Acidity of Benzene, Toluene,Xylenes, Solvent Naphthas, and Similar Industrial Aro-matic HydrocarbonsD848 Test Method for Acid Wash Color of Industrial Aro-matic HydrocarbonsD849 Test Method for Copper Strip Corrosion by IndustrialAromatic HydrocarbonsD850 Test Method for Distillation of Indu
9、strial AromaticHydrocarbons and Related MaterialsD853 Test Method for Hydrogen Sulfide and Sulfur DioxideContent (Qualitative) of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocar-bonsD891 Test Methods for Specific Gravity,Apparent, of LiquidIndustrial ChemicalsD1078 Test Method for Distillation Range of Volatile Or-gan
10、ic LiquidsD1133 Test Method for Kauri-Butanol Value of Hydrocar-bon SolventsD1209 Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-Cobalt Scale)D1296 Test Method for Odor of Volatile Solvents andDiluentsD1310 Test Method for Flash Point and Fire Point of Liquidsby Tag Open-Cup ApparatusD1353 Test Me
11、thod for Nonvolatile Matter in Volatile Sol-vents for Use in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and RelatedProductsD1363 Test Method for Permanganate Time of Acetone andMethanolD1364 Test Method for Water in Volatile Solvents (KarlFischer Reagent Titration Method)D1476 Test Method for Heptane Miscibility of L
12、acquerSolvents1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.35 on Solvents, Plasticizers, and Chemical Intermediates.Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published September
13、2012. Originallyapproved in 1927. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D268 01 (2007).DOI: 10.1520/D0268-01R12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to
14、the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D1555 Test Method for Calculation of Volume and Weightof Industria
15、l Aromatic Hydrocarbons and CyclohexaneD1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents andChemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer,and Related ProductsD1614 Test Method for Alkalinity in AcetoneD1617 Test Method for EsterValue of Solvents andThinnersD1720 Test Method for Dilution Ra
16、tio of Active Solvents inCellulose Nitrate SolutionsD1722 Test Method for Water Miscibility of Water-SolubleSolventsD2192 Test Method for Purity of Aldehydes and KetonesD2360 Test Method for Trace Impurities in MonocyclicAromatic Hydrocarbons by Gas ChromatographyD2804 Test Method for Purity of Meth
17、yl Ethyl Ketone ByGas ChromatographyD2935 Test Method for Apparent Density of IndustrialAromatic Hydrocarbons (Withdrawn 2005)3D3257 Test Methods for Aromatics in Mineral Spirits byGas ChromatographyD3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by SmallScale Closed-Cup ApparatusD3329 Test Method for
18、 Purity of Methyl Isobutyl Ketone byGas ChromatographyD3505 Test Method for Density or Relative Density of PureLiquid ChemicalsD3545 Test Method for Alcohol Content and Purity ofAcetate Esters by Gas ChromatographyD3893 Test Method for Purity of Methyl Amyl Ketone andMethyl Isoamyl Ketone by Gas Chr
19、omatographyE12 Terminology Relating to Density and Specific Gravityof Solids, Liquids, and Gases (Withdrawn 1996)3E201 Test Method for Calculation of Volume and Weight ofIndustrial Chemical Liquids (Discontinued 2001) (With-drawn 2001)3E202 Test Methods for Analysis of Ethylene Glycols andPropylene
20、GlycolsE203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl FischerTitrationE300 Practice for Sampling Industrial ChemicalsE346 Test Methods for Analysis of Methanol3. Significance and Use3.1 A brief discussion of each test method is given with theintent of helping the user in the selection of the most
21、applicableprocedure where more than one is available.4. Sampling4.1 Representative samples are a prerequisite for the evalu-ation of any product. The directions for obtaining representa-tive samples cannot be made explicit to cover all cases andmust be supplemented by judgment, skill, and samplingex
22、perience. It is recommended that Practice E300 be employedin sampling liquid solvents.5. Specific Gravity5.1 Specific gravity of liquids is defined inTerminology E12as “the ratio of the mass of a unit volume of a material to themass of the same volume of gas-free distilled water at a statedtemperatu
23、re.” When the stated temperature of the water is4.0C, specific gravity and density are numerically equal.5.2 The apparent specific gravity of liquid is defined inTerminology E12 as “the ratio of the weight in air of a unitvolume of material at a stated temperature to the weight in airof equal densit
24、y of an equal volume of gas-free, distilled waterat a stated temperature.”NOTE 1Specific gravity or density is an intrinsic property of allsubstances and can to a degree be used to identify them. When suchsubstances are of high purity, specific gravity may be used in support ofother properties to de
25、fine their degree of purity. The use of specific gravityfor such purposes, however, is valid only when all components and theirrelative effects upon the specific gravity of the system are known.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.TABLE 1 List of Test M
26、ethodsTest Method Section ASTM MethodAcidity in:Aromatic hydrocarbons 11 D847Volatile solvents 11 D1613Acid wash color of aromatics 23 D848Alcohols in ketones 18 D2804, D3329Alkalinity in acetone 12 D1614Aromatics in mineral spirits 25 D3257Color, platinum cobalt scale 6 D1209Copper corrosion test:A
27、romatic hydrocarbons 14 D849Mineral spirits 14 D130Distillation range:Aromatic hydrocarbons 7 D850Mineral spirits, turpentine 7 D86Volatile organic liquids 7 D1078Ester value 13 D1617Esters, purity 13 D3545Flash point:Pensky-Martens closed cup 17 D93Tag closed cup 17 D56Tag open cup 17 D1310Setaflas
28、h tester 17 D3278Method surveys:Ethylene and propylene glycols 22 E202Methanol 21 E346Nonaromatics in aromatics 24 D2360Nonvolatile matter 8 D1353Odor 9 D1296Paraffins in aromatics 24 D2360Permanganate time for acetone and methanol 16 D1363Purity of ketones 18 D2192, D2804,D3329, D3893Sampling 4 E30
29、0Solvent power evaluation:Aniline point and mixed aniline point ofpetroleum products and hydrocarbonsolvents19 D611Kauri-butanol value of hydrocarbonsolvents19 D1133Dilution ratio in cellulose nitrate solutionfor active solvents, hydrocarbon diluents, andcellulose nitrates19 D1720Specific gravity 5
30、D891, D2935,D3505, D1555Sulfur as hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide 15 D853Water:Fischer reagent titration method 10 D1364, E203Turbidity method 10 D1476Water miscibility of water-soluble solvents 20 D1722D268 01 (2012)25.3 The choice of test method for determining specificgravity is largely depen
31、dent on the degree of accuracy required.In general, when the product specification requires an accuracyto the third decimal place, the hydrometer or specific gravitybalance method may be employed. When the product specifi-cation requires an accuracy to the fourth decimal place, apycnometer method sh
32、ould be employed. Test Methods D891give procedures using all three techniques.5.4 With specific reference to the determination of densityor specific gravity of a number of aromatic and cyclichydrocarbon solvents, Test Method D3505 describes a simpli-fied procedure for this measurement.5.5 Methods fo
33、r converting specific gravity data to weightand volume data at various temperatures are given in TestMethod E201 for oxygenated and chlorinated compounds, andfor aromatic hydrocarbons in Test Method D1555.5.6 The measurement of density of aromatic hydrocarbonsat any convenient temperature, and the c
34、onversion of the datato an applicable specification or storage temperature aredescribed in Test Method D2935.6. Color6.1 The property of color of a solvent will vary in impor-tance with the application for which it is intended, the amountof color that can be tolerated being dependent on the colorcha
35、racteristics of the material in which it is used. The paint,varnish, and lacquer solvents, or diluents commercially avail-able on todays market normally have little or no color. Thepresence or absence of color in such material is an indicationof the degree of refinement to which the solvent has been
36、subjected or of the cleanliness of the shipping or storagecontainer in which it is handled, or both (see Test MethodD1209).NOTE 2For a number of years the term “water-white” was consideredsufficient as a measurement of solvent color. Several expressions fordefining“ water-white” gradually appeared a
37、nd it became evident that amore precise color standard was needed. This was accomplished in 1952with the adoption of Test Method D1209 using the platinum cobalt scale.This method is similar to the description given in the Standard Methodsfor the Examination of Water and Waste Water of the American P
38、ublicHealthAssn., 14th Ed., p. 65 and is referred to by many as “APHAColor.”The preparation of these platinum-cobalt color standards was originallydescribed by Hazen, A., American Chemical Journal, Vol. XIV, 1892, p.300, in which he assigned the number 5 (parts per ten thousand) to hisplatinum-cobal
39、t stock solution. Subsequently, in their first edition (1905)of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water, the American PublicHealth Assn., using exactly the same concentration of reagents, assignedto color designation 500 (parts per million) which is the same ratio. Theparts per million nomencl
40、ature is not used since color is not referreddirectly to a weight relationship. It is therefore recommended that theincorrect term “Hazen Color” should not be used. Also, because it refersprimarily to water, the term “APHA Color” is undesirable. The recom-mended nomenclature for referring to the col
41、or of organic liquids is“Platinum-Cobalt Color, Test Method D1209.”NOTE 3The petroleum industry uses the Saybolt colorimeter TestMethod D156 for measuring and defining the color of hydrocarbonsolvents; however, this system of color measurement is not commonlyemployed outside of the petroleum industr
42、y. It has been reported byvarious sources that a Saybolt color of +25 is equivalent to 25 in theplatinum-cobalt system or to colors produced by masses of potassiumdichromate ranging between 4.8 and 5.6 mg. dissolved in 1 L of distilledwater. Because of the differences in the spectral characteristics
43、 of theseveral color systems being compared and the subjective manner in whichthe measurements are made, exact equivalencies are difficult to obtain.7. Distillation Range7.1 The distillation range of an organic solvent is anempirical set of data peculiar to the solvent under study and theapparatus u
44、sed giving the purchaser an indication of theproduct quality available to him.NOTE 4The distillation range provides information on the initialboiling point, percent distilled at certain temperatures, and the dry point.These parameters may be affected by improper refining techniques,impurities inhere
45、nt in the sample, or contamination. It is absolutelynecessary that the purchaser and seller employ the same type of apparatus,including thermometers, and follow an identical procedure as agreedupon. If these factors are not followed precisely, it is quite possibledisagreement will result between the
46、 parties.7.2 Three test methods are available for determining thedistillation range of solvents. The major differences among thethree methods are the size of distillation flasks and type ofthermometers (partial or total immersion) employed. Flask sizehas little to no effect on the results obtained b
47、etween labora-tories beyond the limits of error noted for each test method.The advantage of the larger size flask is to prevent “boil over”when high-boiling products, processing relatively high coeffi-cients of expansion are being tested. On the other hand,differences between laboratories will be la
48、rge when one labo-ratory employs a partial immersion thermometer and another atotal immersion instrument. The spread between results willincrease as the boiling range rises above 100C. Partialimmersion thermometers are preferred for narrow boilingproducts since they require no emergent stem temperat
49、urecorrection. The type of heat source may affect the distillationrange of products boiling within 1 or 2C. This is especiallytrue for low-boiling solvents such as methyl alcohol or acetone.A large electric heater tends to distort the dry point due to theheating effect of infrared radiation on the bulb of thethermometer, while a properly adjusted gas burner minimizesthis effect. The following test methods are commonly used indetermining distillation ranges:7.2.1 Test Method D1078, using a 200-mL flask, high-precision partial immersion thermometers, and gas or electricheat.
