1、Designation: D333 01 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Guide forClear and Pigmented Lacquers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D333; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p
2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover procedures for testing lacquersand lacquer coatings. The test methods included are listed inTable 1.NOTE 1In accordance w
3、ith Terminology D16, a lacquer is defined asa coating composition that is based on synthetic thermoplastic filmformingmaterial dissolved in organic solvent(s) and that dries primarily by solventevaporation. Typical lacquers include those based on nitrocellulose, othercellulose derivatives, vinyl res
4、ins, acrylic resins, etc.NOTE 2Lacquers may be applied under such diverse conditions, to somany different surfaces, and their dried films may be subjected to so manykinds of wear and exposure that it is not possible to assure desiredperformance from a single selection of test methods and numerical r
5、esultstherefrom. Those skilled in lacquer technology may find partial assuranceof obtaining desired qualities in various types of lacquers through carefulselection of the methods covered herein and intelligent interpretation ofresults therefrom.NOTE 3It is intended ultimately to remove all experimen
6、tal proce-dures from Test Methods D333 and to establish them as a guide to theselection of test methods for lacquer and perhaps to interpretation ofresults therefrom. Temporarily there remain in Test Methods D333 a fewtests that are too short or otherwise presently unsuitable for establishmentunder
7、separate ASTM designations.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of thi
8、s standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) ApparatusD16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, andApplica
9、tionsD56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD88 Test Method for Saybolt ViscosityD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D522 Test Methods for
10、Mandrel Bend Test of AttachedOrganic CoatingsD523 Test Method for Specular GlossD609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panelsfor Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, andRelated Coating ProductsD610 Practice for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on PaintedSteel SurfacesD658 Test Method
11、 for Abrasion Resistance of OrganicCoatings by Air Blast Abrasive (Withdrawn 1996)3D659 Method for Evaluating Degree of Chalking of ExteriorPaints (Withdrawn 1990)3D660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking ofExterior PaintsD661 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking ofExterior Paints
12、D662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion ofExterior PaintsD714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering ofPaintsD772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scal-ing) of Exterior PaintsD823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thicknessof Paint, Varnish, and Related Product
13、s on Test PanelsD870 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of CoatingsUsing Water ImmersionD968 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of OrganicCoatings by Falling AbrasiveD1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-ness of Organic Coatings Using MicrometersD1014 Practice for Conducting Exter
14、ior Exposure Tests ofPaints and Coatings on Metal SubstratesD1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement ofDry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct
15、 responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.55 on Factory Applied Coatings on Preformed Products.Current edition approved June 1, 2013. Published July 2013. Originally approvedin 1931. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D333 01 (2007). DOI:10.1520/D0333-01R13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the
16、ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM Inte
17、rnational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1a Ferrous Base (Withdrawn 2006)3D1200 Test Method for Viscosity by Ford Viscosity CupD1209 Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-Cobalt Scale)D1210 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigm
18、ent-Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type GageD1211 Test Method for Temperature-Change Resistance ofClear Nitrocellulose Lacquer Films Applied to Wood(Withdrawn 2006)3D1308 Test Method for Effect of Household Chemicals onClear and Pigmented Organic FinishesD1400 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement o
19、f DryFilm Thickness of Nonconductive Coatings Applied to aNonferrous Metal Base (Withdrawn 2006)3D1474 Test Methods for Indentation Hardness of OrganicCoatingsD1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,and Related ProductsD1535 Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell SystemD1544 Tes
20、t Method for Color of Transparent Liquids (Gard-ner Color Scale)D1644 Test Methods for Nonvolatile Content of VarnishesD1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and ColorDifferences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque MaterialsD1733 Method for Preparation of Aluminum Alloy Panelsfor Testing Paint, V
21、arnish, Lacquer, and Related Products(Withdrawn 1979)3D1735 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of CoatingsUsing Water Fog ApparatusD1737 Method of Test for Elongation of Attached OrganicCoatings with Cylindrical Mandrel Apparatus (Withdrawn1988)3D2090 Test Method for Clarity and Cleanness of Pain
22、t andInk Liquids (Withdrawn 2007)3D2091 Test Method for Print Resistance of LacquersD2199 Test Method for Measurement of Plasticizer Migra-tion From Vinyl Fabrics to LacquersD2204 Method of Test for Perspiration Resistance of Or-ganic Coatings (Withdrawn 1976)3D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color
23、 Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesD2620 Test Method for Light Stability of Clear Coatings(Withdrawn 2001)3D2805 Test Method for Hiding Power of Paints by Reflec-tometryD3170 Test Method for Chipping Resistance of CoatingsD3278 Test Methods for Flash Point
24、of Liquids by SmallScale Closed-Cup ApparatusE308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Usingthe CIE System3. Significance and Use3.1 These test methods are intended to compile as well asprovide screening tests in evaluating clear and pigmentedlacquers as used in different coating operatio
25、ns.3.2 Each coating system may contain from a simple onecoat operation to a multicoat finishing system.3.3 The substrates may be varied, ferrous and non ferrous,plastic or wood which can affect the performance of a givencoating system.TABLE 1 List of Test MethodsTest Method SectionASTMMethodGeneral
26、Requirements 4 .Liquid Materials:Color of Clear Lacquers:Gardner Color ScalePlatinum-Cobalt ScaleFlash Point:99D1544D1209Tag Closed Cup 11 D56,D93,D3278Homogeneity:Clarity and Cleanness 8 D2090Fineness of Pigment Grind 8 D1210Nonvolatile Matter 7 D1644Sample Preparation 5 .Viscosity:Ford Cup (Efflux
27、) 10 D1200Kinematic High Precision 10 D445Weight per Gallon (Density) 6 D1475Dried Films:Abrasion Resistance:Air Blast Abrasion Tester 19 D658Falling Sand Method 19 D968Chip Resistance: 30 D3170Color-Pigmented Coatings:Spectrophotometric MethodMunsell Color SystemColor Difference-Pigmented Coatings:
28、1515E308D1535Visual Method 16 D1729Instrumental Evaluation of ColorDifferences of Opaque Materials 16 D2244Elongation:Conical MandrelCylindrical MandrelFilm Thickness:1717D522D1737Nondestructive Magnetic BaseNondestructive Nonmagnetic Metallic Base1313D1186D1400Penetration Thickness GageDial Compara
29、torGloss:1313D1400D1005Specular Gloss 14 D523Hardness Indentation Method 18 D1474Hiding Power 27 D2805Household Chemical Resistance 21 D1308Light Stability 31 D2620Outdoor Exposure:Preparation of Coated Panels:Aluminum Alloy PanelsSteel PanelsTest Procedures:2222D1733D609Exposure Tests Using Steel P
30、anels 22 D1014Evaluating Blistering 22 D714Evaluating Chalking 22 D659Evaluating Checking 22 D660Evaluating Cracking 22 D661Evaluating Rusting 22 D610Evaluating Erosion 22 D662Evaluating Flaking 22 D772Panel Preparation:Manual Spraying Method 12 .Automatic Application 12 D823Perspiration Resistance
31、28 D2204Plasticizer Migration 29 D2199Print Test 20 D2091Salt Fog 24 B117Temperature-Change Resistance 23 D1211Water Fog Testing 25 D1735Water Immersion Test 26 D870D333 01 (2013)23.4 Substrate cleaning, chemically or physically, is an es-sential and critical aspect to the performance of the coating
32、system.3.5 Results from the various tests are not necessarily alluseful in evaluating the performance of the different types ofcoating systems used on the many varied substrates.4. General Requirements4.1 All tests shall be made in diffused light (not in directsunlight), and at 23 6 2C (73.5 6 3.5F)
33、 and 50 6 5%relative humidity, unless otherwise specified.5. Preparation of Sample5.1 Many clear lacquers and all pigmented lacquers containsuspended solids that have a tendency to settle to the bottom ofthe container. Stir any settled portion with a paddle or spatulaand then shake vigorously for 10
34、 min on a mechanical agitator.Since many lacquer solvents are extremely volatile, careshould be taken during sampling and testing to avoid loss ofsignificant amounts of volatile matter.6. Weight Per Gallon6.1 Determine the density as described in Test MethodD1475. This method is particularly adaptab
35、le for high-viscosity fluids or where a component is too volatile for aspecific gravity balance determination. If a weight per galloncup of 83.2-mL capacity is used, calculation of weight pergallon is simplified.7. Nonvolatile Matter7.1 Nonvolatile matter determination is an indication of theamount
36、of permanent film-forming material contained in alacquer. At ambient temperatures, drying of a lacquer film mayinvolve gradual loss of slowly volatile solvents, hence solidsdeterminations may differ from those resulting from a nonvola-tile determination accelerated by a higher temperature.7.2 Determ
37、ine the nonvolatile content of lacquers as de-scribed in Test Methods D1644. As an additional requirement,the specimen shall be reheated and reweighed until the weightis constant to within 1 mg. Test Method A of Test MethodsD1644 is preferred since Method B is potentially dangerouswhen used with lac
38、quers.8. Homogeneity8.1 Good quality lacquers and their ingredients should beuniformly constituted and free from particles of foreign matter.8.2 Determine the presence or absence of foreign matter innonpigmented liquids for use in paints and lacquers or lacquersthemselves as described in Test Method
39、 D2090.8.3 Determine the degree of dispersion (commonly referredto as “fineness of grind”) of pigment, semiquantitatively, inpigmented coating systems in accordance with Test MethodD1210.9. Color9.1 The color of a clear lacquer is only a preliminaryindication of the color of a dried film of lacquer.
40、 The initialcolor may bleach and another color may appear under certainconditions of exposure.9.2 Determine the color of clear lacquers as described inTest Method D1544. This method gives a comparison of thecolor of the sample with that of a color reference standard.9.3 Determine the color of essent
41、ially water-white lacquersin accordance with Test Method D1209. This method shall beused where the color-producing bodies in the lacquer have verynearly the same light-absorption characteristics as those of theplatinum-cobalt standards.10. Viscosity10.1 The viscosity of a lacquer is a property that
42、can be usedas a guide in determining the ease with which a given lacquermay be applied. For example, lacquers designed for sprayapplication may be low in viscosity whereas they are high fordoctor blade or roller application.10.2 Determine the viscosity of clear and pigmented fin-ishes designed for s
43、pray application as described in TestMethod D1200. This method is not recommended for lacquerswith viscosities requiring more than 100 s efflux time.10.3 For precise viscosity determinations in the range from0.4 to 16 000 cSt proceed in accordance with Test MethodD445.NOTE 4Caution should be observe
44、d in that it is recognized thatchanges in viscosity may occur in lacquers upon aging.11. Flash Point11.1 The organic solvents used in lacquers have character-istic flash points. The flash point of a liquid is defined as thelowest temperature, corrected to 760 mmHg (101.3 kPa ) ofpressure, of the sam
45、ple at which application of an ignitionsource causes the vapor of the sample to ignite under specifiedconditions of test.11.2 Determine the flash point by Test Method D56 or TestMethods D93 for liquid storage regulations of OccupationalSafety and HealthAdministration (OSHA) of U. S. Departmentof Lab
46、or and for classification of hazardous liquids for ship-ments under the regulations of U. S. Department of Transpor-tation and bulk shipments by water.11.2.1 Determine the flash point of lacquer or lacquermaterials having a viscosity less than 9.5 cSt at 25C (77F) or45 SUS at 37.8C (100F) (Test Meth
47、od D88) by Test MethodD56 and of lacquers having a viscosity of more than 9.5 cSt at25C (77F) or 45 SUS at 37.8C (100F) by Method A of TestMethods D93. Use Method B of Test Methods D93 wheneverthere is a question that the heat transfer within a viscouslacquer is not sufficient to assure an accurate
48、flash point. Inaddition, use Method B when testing pigmented lacquers orsuspensions of solids and liquids which tend to skin under testconditions.11.3 Test Methods D3278, which give comparable results toTest Method D56 and Test Methods D93 while requiring asmaller specimen and less time to run, may
49、be used as analternative method.D333 01 (2013)312. Panel Preparation12.1 In the evaluation of coated panels a uniform dry filmthickness of lacquer is essential in order to eliminate any effectdue to film thickness. Unless otherwise specified, the dry filmthicknesses shall be as follows:Mils MicrometresLacquer primer 0.3 to 0.6 8 to 15Lacquer primer surfacer 1.0 to 2.0 25 to 50Clear lacquer 1.0 to 1.2 25 to 31Gloss pigmented lacquer 1.0 to 1.2 25 to 31Lacquer putties 4.0 to 6.0 100 to 15012.2 Panels may be prepared by either manual or automaticapplication of lacquers.
