1、Designation: D 545 99 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Test Methods forPreformed Expansion Joint Fillers for ConcreteConstruction (Nonextruding and Resilient Types)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 545; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adop
2、tion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1.
3、 Scope1.1 These test methods cover the physical properties asso-ciated with preformed expansion joint fillers. The test methodsinclude:Property SectionAsphalt content 7.5Boiling in hydrochloric acid 7.4Compression 7.2Density 7.7Expansion in boiling water 7.1Extrusion 7.3Recovery 7.2Water absorption
4、7.61.2 The values stated in inch-pound are to be regarded asstandard.NOTE 1Specific test methods are applicable only to certain types ofjoint fillers, as stated herein.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of
5、 the user of this standard to consult andestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 147 Methods of Testing Bituminous Mastics, Grouts, andLike Mixtures3D 1037 Test Methods for
6、Evaluating the Properties ofWood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel Materials3. Significance and Use3.1 The compression resistance perpendicular to the faces,the resistance to the extrusion during compression, and theability to recover after release of the load are indicative of ajoint fillers ability to
7、 fill continuously a concrete expansionjoint and thereby prevent damage that might otherwise occurduring thermal expansion. The asphalt content is a measure ofthe fiber-type joint fillers durability and life expectancy. In thecase of cork-type fillers, the resistance to water absorption andresistanc
8、e to boiling hydrochloric acid are relative measures ofdurability and life expectancy.4. Apparatus4.1 Balance, for weighing joint fillers capable of weighingtest specimens within 0.01 g.4.2 Mechanical Convection Oven, capable of maintaining220 6 5.0F 104 6 3C.4.3 Desiccator, of sufficient size to ac
9、commodate the testspecimens.4.4 Vernier Caliper, for measuring length and width ofspecimens with accuracy within 60.01 in. 0.25 mm.4.5 Dial Micrometer, or other measuring device, graduatedto read in 0.001-in. 0.02-mm units.4.6 Extrusion MoldThree-sided steel mold to confinelateral movement of specim
10、ens under compression to one sideonly. Interior dimensions shall be 4 by 4 in. 102 by 102 mmwith permissible variations in length and width of 60.015 in.0.38 mm. Mold sides shall be of such height as to extend atleast 0.5 in. 13 mm above the test specimens. A typical moldcan be made from a steel bas
11、e12 by4by46 0.015 in. 13 by102 by 102 6 0.3 mm and three bolted steel side plates14 in.6.35 mm thick, extending approximately 112 in. 38 mmabove the base plate, thus forming a three-sided open-top box.4.7 TemplateOne steel template 4 by 4 in. 102 by 102mm, machined from12-in. 6.4-mm steel plate to f
12、it theextrusion mold. The template shall fit the mold within 0.005in. 0.13 mm in length and width.4.8 Metal Plate,412 by 412 in. 6 0.1 in. 114 by 114 6 2.5mm with parallel faces machined from12-in. 6.4-mm steelplate.4.9 Compression Tester, either hydraulic- or screw-typeequipment with sufficient ope
13、ning between upper- and lower-bearing surfaces to permit the use of verifying apparatus. Theload applied to the test specimen shall be indicated with anaccuracy of 61.0 %. The upper-bearing device shall be a1These methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials a
14、nd are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.34 onPreformed Joint Fillers, Sealers, and Sealing SystemsCurrent edition approved July 15, 2005. Published August 2005. Originallyapproved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 545 99.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM
15、website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-29
16、59, United States.spherically seated, hardened metal block firmly attached at thecenter of the upper head of the machine. The center of thesphere shall lie at the center of the surface of the block incontact with the specimen.The block shall be closely held in itsspherical seat, but free to tilt in
17、any direction. Load shall beapplied without shock at 0.05 in. 1.3 mm per minute.4.10 Extractor Apparatus, similar to Fig. 1 of MethodsD 147 with thermostatically controlled heating element.5. Sampling5.1 One representative sample approximately 2 ft2/1000 ft2of joint filler shall be obtained and prop
18、erly packaged for safetransporting to the testing agency.5.2 For self-expanding cork joint filler, a minimum of five412-by412-in. (114- by 114-mm) square specimens properlybanded and plastic wrapped at point of manufacture shall besubmitted for testing.6. Preparation of Test Specimens6.1 For the joi
19、nt fillers made of cork, sponge rubber,bituminous cork, or fiber, cut five specimens 4 by 4 in. 102 by102 mm. Each specimen shall be freshly and squarely cutusing a metal plate as a cutting template, as described in 4.7.6.2 For self-expanding cork only, after boiling the speci-mens in water as descr
20、ibed in 7.1.1, air dry in ambient air 24h. Then cut specimens to the size described in 6.1.6.3 Determine the thickness of each specimen to the nearest0.001 in. 0.03 mm.7. Procedures7.1 Expansion in Boiling Water:7.1.1 For self-expanding cork joint filler only, use five of thetest specimens supplied
21、by the manufacture as described in 5.2.Determine the thickness of each specimen to the nearest 0.001in. 0.03 mm. Immerse the specimens in boiling water for 1 h;remove and allow to cool to room temperature for 15 min.Measure the final thickness of each specimen to the nearest0.001 in. Calculate the e
22、xpansion as follows:Expansion, %, of original thickness 5AB3 100 (1)where:A = thickness in inches after boiling in water andB = thickness in inches before boiling in water.7.1.2 Prepare the test specimens for testing as described in6.2.7.2 Recovery and Compression:7.2.1 Test SpecimenFor these tests
23、use one of the speci-mens prepared and described in 6.1 and 6.2. For the cork,sponge rubber, bituminous cork, and fiber joint fillers makethese tests on material as received. If the cork filler fails tomeet the specified requirements, make check tests on speci-mens that have been immersed in water f
24、or 24 h and thenair-dried at ambient conditions for 24 h.Acceptance is based onthe results of the check tests.7.2.2 MountingPlace the test specimen on a flat metalplate and center a 4- by 412-by12-in. 114- by 114- by 13-mm metal plate, ground to have plane parallel faces, on the topsurface of the sp
25、ecimen. Use a simple U-shaped bridge tosupport a dial gage or other suitable measuring device readingto the nearest 0.001 in. 0.03 mm above the center of thespecimen. Place a hollow metal load transfer cylinder withslots for inserting the U-shape bridge and an opening forreading the measuring device
26、 between the moving head of thetesting machine and the plate covering the specimen. A typicalmounting is shown in Fig. 1, but other suitable devices may be1Flat Metal Plate. 5Measuring Device.2Specimen. 6Hollow Cylinder.3Metal Plate 412 by 412 by12 in. (102 by 102 by 13 mm). 7Spherical Bearing Block
27、.4U-Shape Bridge.FIG. 1 Typical Mounting of the Specimen for Recovery and Compression TestsD 545 99 (2005)2used. Mount a spherical bearing block between the upper endof the cylinder and the moving head of the testing machine.Center accurately both the hollow metal cylinder or otherdevice and the sph
28、erical bearing block so that the load will beapplied uniformly to the test specimen.7.2.3 Measurement of ThicknessWhen the specimen hasbeen mounted as described in 7.2.2 and is subjected only to thepressure of the dead weight of the 412-by412-by12-in. 114-by 114- by 13-mm metal plate, determine its
29、thickness bymeans of the measuring device. When the load-transferringapparatus and spherical bearing block are placed on the testspecimen, some compression may result. Consider this reduc-tion in thickness as part of the 50 % reduction in thickness tobe applied.7.2.4 RecoveryFor the determination of
30、 the percentage ofrecovery, give the specimen a single application of a loadsufficient to compress it to 50 % of its thickness before test.Apply the load without shock and at such a rate that thespecimen will be compressed approximately 0.05 in. 1.3mm/min. Record this applied load. Immediately relea
31、se theload after application and permit to recover 10 min after which,measure the thickness. Remove the load-transferring apparatusand spherical bearing block from the test specimen followingthe load application. Calculate the percentage of recovery asfollows:Recovery, % 5t1t3 100 (2)where:t = thick
32、ness of the specimen before test andt1= thickness 10 min after completion of the applicationof load.7.2.4.1 Retest Provision In case the specimen fails tocomply with requirements of the specification, test a specimenin accordance with the following procedure. Give the testspecimen three applications
33、 of a load sufficient to compress itto 50 % of its thickness before test. Apply the load withoutshock and at such a rate that the specimen will be compressedapproximately 0.05 in. 1.3 mm/min.After the first and secondapplications, release the load immediately, and permit thespecimen to recover 30 mi
34、n before the load is again applied.After the third application, release the load immediately andpermit the specimen to recover 1 h; then measure the thicknessagain. Remove the load-transferring apparatus and sphericalbearing block from the test specimen during recovery periodsbetween compressions an
35、d following the third application ofload. Acceptance shall be based on the results of these checktests. Calculate the percentage of recovery as follows:Recovery, % 5t1t3 100 (3)where:t = thickness of the specimen before test andt1= thickness 1 h after completion of the third applicationof load.7.2.5
36、 Compression Calculate the unit pressure by divid-ing the maximum load in lbf N as determined in 7.2.4 by thearea, 16 in.20.0104 m2 and record as the unit pressure in psikPa.7.3 Extrusion:7.3.1 Test Specimens For this test, use one of the testspecimens prepared as described in 6.1 (or one of the sel
37、f-expanding cork specimens prepared in 6.2). In the case of cork,sponge rubber, bituminous cork, and fiber expansion jointfillers, make these tests on specimens of the materials asreceived. If the cork filler fails to meet the requirements of thespecifications, make check tests on specimens that hav
38、e beenimmersed in water for 24 h and subsequently air-dried for 24 h.Base acceptance on the results of these check tests.7.3.2 MountingPlace the test specimen in a suitable steelmold so constructed as to confine the lateral movement of thespecimen under compression to one side only, as described in4
39、.6. Cover the specimen with a12- by 4- by 4-in. 13- by 102-by 102-mm) metal plate ground to have plane parallel faces, asdescribed in 4.7. Use a simple U-shaped bridge to supportabove the center of the specimen a dial or other suitablemeasuring device reading to 0.001 in. 0.03 mm. Place uponthe plat
40、e metal cylinder or other device for transferring the loadfrom the moving head of the testing machine around themeasuring apparatus to the plate covering the specimen.7.3.3 Measurement of ThicknessWhen the specimen hasbeen mounted as described in 7.3.2 and is subjected only to thepressure of the dea
41、d weight of the12- by 4- by 4-in. 13- by102- by 102-mm metal plate, determine its thickness by meansof the measuring device. When the load-transferring apparatusand spherical bearing block are placed on the test specimen,some compression may result. Consider this reduction inthickness as part of the
42、 50 % reduction in thickness to beapplied.7.3.4 ExtrusionFor the determination of the amount ofextrusion, give the specimen one application of a load suffi-cient to compress it to 50 % of its thickness before test. Applythe load without shock at such a rate that the specimen will becompressed approx
43、imately 0.05 in. 1.3 mm/min. Determinethe amount of extrusion in inches by measuring the maximummovement of the free edge of the test specimen during the50 % compression of the specimen. Measure the extrusion bymeans of a dial micrometer or other suitable device reading to0.001 in. 0.03 mm.7.4 Boili
44、ng in Hydrochloric Acid:7.4.1 In the case of cork and self-expanding cork expansionjoint fillers only, use one of the test specimens prepared asdescribed in 6.1 (or one of the expanded specimens prepared asdescribed in 6.2). Immerse the specimen in hydrochloric acid(HCl, sp gr 1.19) and boil for 1 h
45、. Examine the test specimenfor evidences of disintegration.7.5 Asphalt Content:7.5.1 From the test specimens prepared as described in 6.1,cut narrow strips of sufficient length to pack the thimble of theSoxhlet Extractor; approximately 45 g is sufficient. Oven drythe strips at 220 6 5F 104 6 3C to c
46、onstant weight in anopen tared weighing dish, then cool in a desiccator. Weigh tothe nearest 0.01 g, and subtract tare to obtain initial oven dryweight of specimen.NOTE 2Extraction apparatus is similar to Fig. 1 of Methods D 147.7.5.2 Transfer the test strips to the extraction thimble ofknown oven d
47、ry weight. Extract the asphalt in the SoxhletD 545 99 (2005)3Extractor using a chlorinated solvent, such as trichlorethylene,until the extract is essentially clear (color of weak tea).7.5.3 After extraction, allow excess solvent to drain fromthe thimble before transferring to an open tared weighing
48、dishand oven dry at 220 6 5F 104 6 3C for 1 h. Cool in adesiccator, then weigh and subtract weighing dish and thimbleto obtain the oven dry weight of the extracted fiber.7.5.4 Calculate the percentage asphalt content by weight onan oven dry basis as follows:Asphalt, % 5W12 WW13 100 (4)where:W1= init
49、ial oven dry weight of test strips andW = oven dry weight of extracted fiber.7.6 Water Absorption:7.6.1 Using a test specimen prepared as described in 6.1, drythe specimen in air, weigh to the nearest 0.1 g, and immerse inwater at a temperature of 65 to 75F 18 to 25C in ahorizontal position supported from the bottom of the containerwith 1 in. 25 mm of water over the specimen for 24 h.Remove the specimen from the water and remove the excesssurface water from all s
