1、Designation: D 562 01 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Test Method forConsistency of Paints Measuring Krebs Unit (KU) ViscosityUsing a Stormer-Type Viscometer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 562; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption o
2、r, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope
3、1.1 This test method covers the measurement of Krebs Unit(KU) viscosity to evaluate the consistency of paints and relatedcoatings using the Stormer-type viscometer.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This st
4、andard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1
5、 ASTM Standards:2E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 consistency, nload in grams to produce a rotationalfrequency of 200 r/min (Stormer Viscometer)3.1.2 Krebs units (KU), nvalues of a scale commonlyused to expre
6、ss the consistency of paints generally applied bybrush or roller.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThis scale is a function of the “load toproduce 200-r/min” scale.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The load required to produce a rotational frequency of200 r/min for an offset paddle rotor immersed in a paint isdetermined
7、.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides values that are useful inspecifying and controlling the consistency of paints, such asconsumer or trade sales products.METHOD A6. Apparatus6.1 Viscometer, Stormer, with the paddle-type rotor asillustrated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. The stroboscopic ti
8、merattachment in Fig. 1 can be removed and the instrument usedwithout it but with a sacrifice of speed and accuracy. Thestroboscopic timer gives the 200 r/min reading directly.6.2 Container, 500-mL (1-pt), 85 mm (338 in.) in diameter.6.3 ThermometerAn ASTM Stormer Viscosity thermom-eter having a ran
9、ge from 20 to 70C and conforming to therequirements for Thermometer 49C, as prescribed in Specifi-cation E1.6.4 Stopwatch, or suitable timer measuring to 0.2 s.6.5 Weights, a set covering the range from 5 to 1000 g.7. Materials7.1 Two standard oils, calibrated in absolute viscosity(poise), that are
10、within the viscosity range of the coatings to bemeasured. These oils should differ in viscosity by at least 5 P.NOTE 1The normal range of the Stormer is covered by oils havingviscosities of 4 P (70 KU), 10 P (85 KU), and 14 P (95 KU).7.1.1 Suitable standards are silicone, hydrocarbon, linseed,and ca
11、stor oils. Silicone and hydrocarbon oils calibrated inpoises are commercially available. Uncalibrated linseed andcastor oils may be calibrated with any apparatus that providesmeasurements of absolute viscosity.7.1.2 Assign a value of load to produce 200 r/min to each oilby converting its viscosity v
12、alue in poises to load in grams bythe following equation:3L 5 610O 1 906.6 D!/301This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints a
13、nd Paint Materials.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2005. Published December 2005. Originallyapproved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 562 01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book
14、of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Geddes, J. A., and Dawson, D. H., “Calculation of Viscosity From StormerViscosity Data,” Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol 34, 1942, p. 163.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dri
15、ve, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.where:O = viscosity of oil in poises andD = density of oil.8. Calibration48.1 Remove the rotor and weight carrier from the viscom-eter. Make sure the string is wound evenly on the drum anddoes not overlap itself.8.2 Attach a 5-g weight
16、 onto the string and then release thebrake. If the viscometer starts to run from this dead start andcontinues to run through several revolutions of the string drum,it is satisfactory for use. If it does not start unaided when the5-g weight is applied, the instrument should be reconditioned.8.3 Check
17、 the dimensions of the paddle-type rotor. Theyshould be within 0.1 mm (60.004 in.) of the dimensions shownin Fig. 2.8.4 Select two standard oils having assigned values of loadto produce 200 r/min within the range of the values expectedfor the coatings to be measured (see 7.1).8.5 Adjust the temperat
18、ure of the standard oils to 25 60.2C. The temperature of the Stormer apparatus should be thesame. If the specified temperature cannot be obtained, recordthe temperature of the oil at the beginning and end of test to0.2C.8.6 Determine the load in grams to produce 200 r/min witheach of the two oils, u
19、sing either Procedure A described inSection 9 or Procedure B described in Section 10.8.6.1 If the oil temperature was not at 25 6 0.2C during thetest, correct the measured load in grams for the deviation fromthat temperature.NOTE 2Load corrections for deviations of oil temperature from thespecified
20、temperature can be made by means of a previously establishedplot of load versus oil temperature (see Appendix X1).8.7 If the measured load (corrected for any temperaturedeviation from standard) is within 615 % of the assigned loadvalues for the oils, the Stormer apparatus can be considered tobe in s
21、atisfactory calibration.9. Procedure A (Without Stroboscopic Attachment)9.1 Thoroughly mix the sample and strain it into a 500-mL(1-pt) container to within 20 mm (34 in.) of the top.9.2 Bring the temperature of the specimen to 25 6 0.2Cand maintain it at that temperature during the test. Thetemperat
22、ure of the Stormer apparatus should be the same.9.2.1 If the specified temperature cannot be obtained, recordthe temperature of the specimen at the beginning and end oftest to 0.2C.9.3 When the temperature of the specimen has reachedequilibrium, stir it vigorously, being careful to avoid entrap-ping
23、 air, and place the container immediately on the platformof the viscometer so that the paddle-type rotor is immersed inthe material to the mark on the shaft of the rotor.9.4 Place weights on the hanger of the viscometer anddetermine a load that will produce 100 revolutions in the rangeof 25 to 35 s.
24、9.5 Using the information gained in 9.4, select two loadsthat will provide two different readings (time to give 100revolutions) within the range of 27 to 33 s. Make these4Jackson, C. F., and Madson, W. H., “AMethod for the Standardization of KrebsModified Stormer Viscometers,” ASTM Bulletin, No. 161
25、, 1949.FIG. 1 Stormer Viscometer with Paddle-Type Rotor andStroboscopic TimerNOTE 11 in. = 25.4 mm.FIG. 2 Paddle-Type Rotor for Use With Stormer ViscometerD 562 01 (2005)2measurements from a running start, that is, permit the rotor tomake at least 10 revolutions before starting the timing for 100rev
26、olutions.9.6 Repeat the measurements outlined in 9.5 until tworeadings for each load are obtained that agree within 0.5 s.10. Procedure B (With Stroboscopic Timer)10.1 Follow Procedure A (9.1-9.3) for the preparation of thespecimen.10.2 Connect the lamp circuit of the stroboscopic attach-ment to an
27、electrical power source.10.3 Place weights on the hanger of the viscometer anddetermine a load that will produce 100 revolutions in the rangefrom 25 to 35 s.10.4 Using the information gained in 10.3, select a weight(to the nearest 5 g) that will produce the 200-r/min pattern (Fig.3) on the strobosco
28、pic timer, that is, where the lines appear tobe stationary.10.4.1 Lines moving in the direction of paddle rotationindicate a speed greater than 200 r/min and therefore, weightshould be removed from the hanger. Conversely, lines movingopposite to direction of paddle rotation indicate a speed lessthan
29、 200 r/min and weight should be added.NOTE 3There are other patterns that appear at speeds other than 200r/min (See Fig. 4). The pattern for 200 r/min should be determined beforerunning any tests.10.5 Repeat the determination in 10.4 until a consistentvalue of load is obtained (that is, to within 5
30、g).11. Calculation11.1 Procedure A:11.1.1 Calculate the load to within 5 g, to produce 100revolutions in 30 s by interpolating between the load weightsrecorded for the readings made between 27 and 33 s for 100revolutions.11.1.2 Correct the load determined for any deviation of thespecimen temperature
31、 from the specified temperature (seeAppendix X1).11.1.3 If desired, determine from Table 1 the KU corre-sponding to the load to produce 100 revolutions in 30 s.NOTE 4Table 1 has been constructed so that it is not necessary tointerpolate between loads to obtain the KU corresponding to the load toprod
32、uce 100 revolutions in 30 s. The table provides KU values computedfor a range of 27 to 33 s for 100 revolutions.11.2 Procedure B:11.2.1 If desired, determine from Table 2 the KU valuecorresponding to the load to produce 200 r/min.12. Report12.1 Report the following information:12.1.1 The load in gra
33、ms to produce 200 r/min (100revolutions in 30 s),12.1.2 The calculated KU,12.1.3 The temperature of the specimen during the test andwhether a correction was applied for any deviation from 25C,and12.1.4 Whether Procedure A or Procedure B was used.13. Precision and Bias13.1 PrecisionOn the basis of a
34、study in which determi-nations were made on five paints by two operators at each offive laboratories on each of two different days; the within-laboratory coefficient of variation was found to be 3 % in loadgrams or 1.5 % in KU, and the between-laboratory coefficientof variation was found to be 10 %
35、in load grams or 4 % in KU.13.1.1 The following criteria should be used for judging theacceptability of results at the 95 % confidence level.13.1.1.1 RepeatabilityTwo results each the mean of twomeasurements, obtained on the same material by the sameoperator at different times should be considered s
36、uspect if theydiffer by more than 1.7 % in KU.13.1.1.2 ReproducibilityTwo results, each the mean oftwo measurements on the same material, obtained by operatorsin different laboratories should be considered suspect if theydiffer by more than 5.1 % in KU.METHOD B (Digital Display Stormer-Type Viscomet
37、er)14. Apparatus14.1 Viscometer, Digital Display, with the paddle-type rotoras illustrated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 5.14.2 Container, 500 mL (1 pt), 85 mm (338 in. in diameter.14.3 Thermometer, ASTM Stormer viscosity thermometerhaving a range from 20 to 70C and conforming to therequirements for Thermomete
38、r 49C as prescribed in Specifi-cation E 1.15. Materials15.1 Standard Oils, two, calibrated in absolute viscosity thatare within the viscosity range of the coatings to be measured.These oils should differ in viscosity by at least 25 KU.15.2 Suitable Hydrocarbon Oils, calibrated in KU andtraceable to
39、NIST, available commercially.16. Calibration16.1 Check the dimensions of the paddle-type rotor. Theyshould be within 6 0.1 mm (0.004 in.) of the dimensionsshown in Fig. 2.16.2 Select two standard oils having viscosities in KUwithin the range of the values expected for the coatings to bemeasured (see
40、 15.1).FIG. 3 Stroboscopic Lines Opening When Timer is Adjusted toExactly 200 r/minFIG. 4 Stroboscopic Lines Appearing as Multiples that May beObserved Before 200-r/min ReachedD 562 01 (2005)3TABLE1KrebsStormerChartwithInterpolationsLoad,gSecondsfor100Revolu-tions751001251501752002252502753003253503
41、754004254504755005255505756006256506757007257507758008258508759009501000KrebsUnits27495763697479838689929597100102104106109111113114116118120121123124126127129130131132133134136138285159657075808487909396981001021051071101121141151171181201211231241261271291301311321331341371392953606671768185889194
42、979910110310510711011211411511711912112212412512712813013113213313413513713930546167727782868992959810010210410610811011211411611812012112212412512712813013113313413513613814031556268737882869093959810010210410610811111311511611812012212312512612812913113213313413513613814032566369747983879093969910
43、1103105107109111113115116118120122123125126128129131132133134135136138140335764707580848891949699101103105107109112114116117119121122123125126128129131132134135136137139141D 562 01 (2005)416.3 Adjust the temperature of the standard oils to 25 60.2C. The temperature of the viscometer should be the sa
44、me.If the specified temperature cannot be obtained, record thetemperature of the oil at the beginning and end of the test to 0.2C.16.4 If the oil temperature was not at 25 6 0.2 C duringthe test, correct the measured KU viscosity for the deviationfrom that temperature.NOTE 5Corrections for deviation
45、s of oil temperature from the speci-fied temperature can be made by means of a previously established plot ofload grams versus oil temperature (see Appendix X1).16.5 If the measured viscosity (corrected for any tempera-ture deviation from standard) is within 65 % of the specifiedKU values for the st
46、andard oils, the viscometer can beconsidered to be in satisfactory calibration.17. Procedure17.1 Thoroughly mix the specimen and pour into a 500mL(1pt) container to within 20 mm (34 in.) of the top.17.2 Bring the temperature of the specimen to 25 6 0.2C,and maintain it at that temperature during the
47、 test. Thetemperature of the viscometer should be the same.17.3 If the specified temperature cannot be obtained, recordthe temperature of the specimen at the beginning and end of thetest to 0.2C.TABLE 2 Krebs Units Corresponding to Load Required to Produce 200-r/min Rotation(For use with Stormer Vis
48、cometer equipped with Stroboscopic Timer)GramsKUGramsKUGramsKUGramsKUGramsKUGramsKUGramsKUGramsKUGramsKUGramsKUGramsKU100 61 200 82 300 95 400 104 500 112 600 120 700 125 800 131 900 136 1000 140105 62 205 83110 63 210 83 310 96 410 105 510 113 610 120 710 126 810 132 910 136 1010 140115 64 215 8412
49、0 65 220 85 320 97 420 106 520 114 620 121 720 126 820 132 920 137 1020 140125 67 225 86130 68 230 86 330 98 430 106 530 114 630 121 730 127 830 133 930 137 1030 140135 69 235 87140 70 240 88 340 99 440 107 540 115 640 122 740 127 840 133 940 138 1040 140145 71 245 88150 72 250 89 350 100 450 108 550 116 650 122 750 128 850 134 950 138 1050 141155 73 255 90160 74 260 90 360 101 460 109 560 117 660 123 760 129 860 134 960 138 1060 141165 75 265 9170 53 170 76 270 91 370 102 470 110 570 118 670 123 770 129 870 135 970 139 1070 14175 54 175 77 275
