1、Designation: D994/D994M 11Standard Specification forPreformed Expansion Joint Filler for Concrete (BituminousType)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D994/D994M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers bit
3、uminous preformed expan-sion joint filler for use in concrete construction.NOTE 1Attention is called to ASTM Specifications D1751 andD1752.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Thevalues stated in each system may not be exact equ
4、ivalents;therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-formance with the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction Materia
5、lsD545 Test Methods for Preformed Expansion Joint Fillersfor Concrete Construction (Nonextruding and ResilientTypes)D1751 Specification for Preformed Expansion Joint Fillerfor Concrete Paving and Structural Construction (Nonex-truding and Resilient Bituminous Types)D1752 Specification for Preformed
6、Sponge Rubber Corkand Recycled PVC Expansion Joint Fillers for ConcretePaving and Structural Construction3. Manufacture3.1 This product shall consist of a bituminous (asphalt ortar) mastic composition, formed and encased between twolayers of bituminous impregnated felt or two layers of glass-fiber f
7、elt. The mastic shall comprise mineral fillers andreinforcing fibers and may contain thin strips of reinforcingsheet material.4. General Requirements4.1 Preformed strips of expansion joint filler shall be of suchcharacter as not to be deformed or broken by ordinary handlingwhen exposed to atmospheri
8、c conditions and shall not becomebrittle in cold weather. Pieces of the joint filler that have beendamaged shall be rejected.5. Properties5.1 Distortion at 50C 125FThe joint filler shall notshow a deflection of more than 1 in. (25 mm) when tested inaccordance with 8.2.1.5.2 BrittlenessThe joint fill
9、er shall not crack or shatterwhen tested in accordance with 8.2.2.NOTE 2Expansion joint filler having a nominal thickness of 5 mm 14in. or less shall not be subject to a requirement for brittleness.5.3 Water AbsorptionThe water absorption of the jointfiller, when tested in accordance with 8.2.3, sha
10、ll not exceedthe following values:Nominal Thickness ofJoint, min, mm in.Absorption, max,weight %25 1 2.520 34315 12410 385NOTE 3Expansion joint filler having a nominal thickness of less than10 mm 38 in. shall not be subject to a requirement for water absorption.5.4 CompressionThe load required to co
11、mpress the testspecimen to 50 % of its thickness before test shall not be lessthan nor more than the following values when the joint filler istested in accordance with 8.2.4.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibili
12、ty of Subcommittee D04.34 onPreformed Joint Fillers, Sealers and Sealing Systems.Current edition approved July 1, 2011. Published August 2011. Originallyapproved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D994 98(2010).DOI: 10.1520/D0994_D0994M-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the AS
13、TM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Unit
14、ed States.Nominal Thickness of Load Requirements,Joint, mm in. min-max. kPa psi25 1 700-5000 100-75420 34 700-6000 100-84115 12 700-6500 100-928NOTE 4Expansion joint filler having a nominal thickness of less than15 mm 12 in. shall not be subject to a requirement for compression.6. Dimensions and Per
15、missible Variations6.1 The preformed strips shall conform to the dimensionsspecified or shown on the plans. Strips of the joint filler that donot conform to the specified dimensions within the permissiblevariations of 61mm 116 in. in thickness, 62mm18 in. indepth, and 65mm14 in. in length shall be r
16、ejected.7. Sampling7.1 Size of SampleEach sample shall consist of sufficientmaterial to provide at least three test specimens measuring 50by 150 mm 2 by 6 in. and at least one test specimenmeasuring 100 by 100 mm 4 by 4 in.7.2 Number of SamplesOne representative sample shallbe selected from each shi
17、pment of 100 m21000 ft2, or fractionthereof, of each thickness ordered.7.3 Samples shall be packed for transportation in such amanner that there will be no danger of distortion or breakage.8. Test Methods8.1 Significance and Use:8.1.1 The distortion and brittleness tests are used to deter-mine the h
18、andling characteristic of the material. The waterabsorption and compression tests are used to determine thesuitability of the material as an expansion joint filler.8.2 Procedures:8.2.1 Distortion at 50C 125FCut a test specimen 50by 150 mm 2 by 6 in., substantially flat and straight, with the150-mm 6
19、-in. dimension parallel to the machine direction ofthe strip. Clamp the specimen between two blocks so that theexpansion joint forms a cantilever of 90-mm 312-in. length.Place the clamp and joint assembly in a forced-draft ovenmaintained at 50 6 1C 125 6 2F, with the specimen in ahorizontal position
20、, for 2 h. Measure the deflection of thespecimen from the horizontal.8.2.2 BrittlenessCut a test specimen 50 by 150 mm 2 by6 in. with the 150-mm 6-in. dimension parallel to themachine direction of the strip. Maintain the specimen at atemperature of 5 6 1C 39 to 43F in water for at least 2 hbefore te
21、sting. Clamp the specimen between two boards so thatthe expansion joint forms a cantilever of 90 mm 312 in. inlength and hold in a horizontal position by a suitable rigidsupport. Suspend a spherical cast iron ball weighing 0.40 kg0.95 lb and having a diameter of 50 mm 178 in. by a cordtied to an eye
22、let fastened to the ball. For specimens having athickness of 15 mm 916 in. or less, suspend the ball 300 mm1 ft above the center of the projecting portion of thespecimen. For specimens over 15 mm 916 in. in thickness,suspend the ball 600 mm 2 ft above the specimen. Release theball by burning the cor
23、d above the eyelet. Other suitablesuspension-and-release devices may be used.8.2.3 Water AbsorptionCut a test specimen 50 by 150 mm2 by 6 in. from the joint filler material in such a manner thatall edges are freshly cut and weigh. Immerse the specimenhorizontally under 25mm 1 in. of distilled or dei
24、onized waterat 25 6 2C 73.4 6 3.6F for 24 h, remove, and wipe off thesurface water with a slightly dampened cloth. Weigh thespecimen quickly and calculate the gain in weight and expressas weight percent of water absorbed.8.2.4 CompressionTest the joint filler in accordance withthe compression test o
25、utlined in Test Method D545, exceptmake only a single application of the load required to compressthe specimen to 50 % of its thickness before test, and do notmeasure the recovery.8.3 Precision and Bias:8.3.1 Precision statement for single operator was calculatedper Practice C670. Maximum acceptable
26、 range of individualmeasurements. No precision statement is necessary for brittle-ness since this property is qualified as an attribute. Precisionstatements are listed in Table 1.8.3.2 Since there is no accepted reference material suitablefor determining the bias in this test method, no statement on
27、bias is made.9. Keywords9.1 asphalt; bituminous; construction; expansion; joint; pav-ing; preformedD994/D994M 112APPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. STANDARD TEST METHODS AND CONDITIONSX1.1 Size of SamplesSample sizes were used as requiredfor each test property.X1.2 Number of SpecimensFor each t
28、est, three (3) speci-mens were used.X1.3 Test ConditionsStandard test conditions were usedas required in each test section and per Section 8.X2. SINGLE-OPERATOR PRECISION STATEMENTSX2.1 Practice C670, for Preparing Precision and BiasStatements for test methods for Construction Materials, wasused to
29、develop the single-operator precision statement.X2.2 Windows 95 function categories were used to calcu-late the average (avg) values and the one-sigma (1s) limits.Data was graphed using Windows 95 Chart Wizard.X2.3 Acceptance of individual measurement values wasbased on the calculated difference of
30、two-sigma (d2s) limits asthe appropriate index of test precision. Maximum acceptancerange of the measurements was calculated per Practice C670,and for a given test the individual results of the measurementswere accepted if the results were within the calculated maxi-mum acceptable range.X2.4 Single-
31、Operator Precision was calculated per PracticeC670. Results of three (3) specimens were used to calculate theaverage values and the one-sigma limits. From Practice C670,for the average of three (3) measurements, the multiplier is 5.7for the maximum acceptable range of individual measure-ments. The p
32、recision statement then for a single-operator iscalculated as follows:Precision Statement 51s!35.7 (X2.1)X2.5 Calculated precision statements for the various prop-erties are given in Table 1.X2.6 Single-Operator Precision for the average compres-sion load values, for each thickness, is also presente
33、d in GraphI. (URL Upper Range Limit, LRL Lower Range Limit)X3. COMPRESSION LOAD VALUESX3.1 It was found that the compression load values aredependent on the thickness of the preformed expansion jointfiller. As the thickness of the expansion filler increased theresultant compression load values decre
34、ased as shown in Fig.X3.1 and Fig. X3.2.X3.2 Starting with the compression load value of 754 psi(5200 kPa) maximum for 1.0 in. (25.4 mm). thick joint filler, asa starting point, then by graphic analysis the maximumcompression load values were plotted for each joint fillerthickness as shown in Fig. X
35、3.1 and as stated in Table 1.TABLE 1 Single-Operator Precision Statements SI Units OnlyAProperty Property as a function of Nominal ThicknessThickness, Nominal, mm. 25.4 19.1 12.7 9.5 6.4Distortion, max. mm. 25.4 25.4 25.4 25.4 25.4Precision, max.accept.range. 2.93 2.30 5.92 6.03 6.84Brittleness Pass
36、* Pass* Pass* Pass* -Precision, max.accept.range * * * * -Water Absorption, wt % max. 2.5 3 4 5 -Precision, max.accept.range. 0.057 0.087 0.400 1.187 -Compression, kPa, min-max. 6905200 6905800 6906400 - -Precision, max.accept.range. 204.2 180.1 416.5 - -NOTEPrecision, max.accept.range. Per Practice
37、 C670, Maximum acceptable range between high andlow individual measurements.Pass* Not crack or shatter.* No precision statement is necessary for this attribute.AAll precision data was derived using inch-pound units.D994/D994M 113ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any pat
38、ent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision
39、 at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comm
40、ents will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighte
41、d by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-m
42、ail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).FIG. X3.1 SingleOperator Precision Acceptance Range ofIndividual MeasurementsFIG. X3.2 Maximum Compression Load vs. ThicknessD994/D994M 114
