1、Designation:D239983 (Reapproved 2005) Designation: D2399 12Standard Practice forSelection of Cutback Asphalts1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2399; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of la
2、st revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the selection of cutback asphalts of the slow, medium, and rapid curing types for various paving an
3、dallied uses. Slow-curing cutback asphalts are also called road oils.1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or English units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents;
4、therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this
5、standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2026 Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Slow-Curing Type)D2027 Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Medium-Curing Type)D2028 S
6、pecification for Cutback Asphalt (Rapid-Curing Type)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 bitumen-aggregate applications the spraying of liquid bitumen on prepared aggregate or pavement surfaces, whichsubsequently are covered with graded aggregate.3.1.2 bitumen-aggregate mixturea combination of bitumi
7、nous material and aggregate that is physically mixed by mechanicaland thermal means, spread on the job-site, and compacted.3.1.3 bitumen applicationsthe uses of sprayed bituminous coatings not involving the use of aggregates. Uses of liquidbitumen in this group are all classed as treatments. (See su
8、rface treatments.)3.1.4 cold-laid plant mixa mixture of liquid bitumen and mineral aggregate prepared in a central bituminous mixing plant andspread and compacted at the job-site when the mixture is at or near ambient temperature.3.1.5 dense-graded aggregateaggregate that is graded from the maximum
9、size down to filler with the object of obtaining abituminous mix with a controlled void content and high stability.3.1.6 dust binder a light application of bituminous material for the express purpose of laying and bonding loose dust.3.1.7 mixed-in-place (road mix)a bituminous course produced by mixi
10、ng mineral aggregate and liquid bitumen at the job-siteby means of travel plants, motor graders, drags, or special road-mixing equipment. Pavement base and surfaces, mixed in place,may utilize open-graded aggregates (3.1.10), dense-graded aggregates (3.1.5), sand (3.1.15), or sandy soil (3.1.17).3.1
11、.8 mulch treatmenta spray application of bituminous material used to temporarily stabilize a recently seeded area. Thebitumen can also be applied to straw or hay mulch as a tie-down.3.1.9 multiple surface treatment two or more surface treatments placed one on the other. The maximum aggregate size of
12、 eachsuccessive treatment is usually one half that of the previous one, and the total thickness is about the same as the nominal maximumsize aggregate particles of the first course.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsib
13、ility of Subcommittee D04.40 on AsphaltSpecifications.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2005. Published December 2005. Originally approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D239983(1999). DOI:10.1520/D2399-83R05.Current edition approved June 15, 2012. Published July 2012. Originally
14、approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D2399 83 (2005). DOI:10.1520/D2399-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Doc
15、ument Summary page on the ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM
16、 recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.10 o
17、pen-graded aggregateone containing little or no mineral filler and in which the void spaces in the compactedaggregate are relatively large.3.1.11 patch mixa mixture of bituminous material and mineral aggregate for patching holes, depressions, and distressed areasin existing pavements. These mixes ar
18、e suitable for use in relatively small areas, applied at ambient temperature using hand-layingand hand-compaction techniques. These mixes may be designed for immediate use or for stock-piling for a period of time priorto use.3.1.12 pavement base and surfaces the lower or underlying pavement course a
19、top the subbase or subgrade and the top orwearing course. Cold-laid mixtures that are bound together with liquid bitumens use either open or dense aggregate gradations.3.1.13 penetration macadama pavement construction using essentially one-size coarse aggregate, which is penetrated in placeby a heav
20、y application of high-viscosity bituminous material. This application is followed by an application of a smaller size coarseaggregate (to reduce the void space) then is rolled thoroughly. This procedure is usually followed another time with a still smallercoarse aggregate and roller compaction.3.1.1
21、4 prime coatan application of a low-viscosity bituminous material to an absorptive surface, designed to penetrate, bond,and stabilize the existing surface and to promote adhesion between it and the construction course that follows.3.1.15 sanda clean, mineral aggregate material passing a No. 4 (4.75-
22、mm) sieve, but only about 5 % passing the No. 200(75-m) sieve.3.1.16 sand seala thin layer of spray-applied bitumen uniformly covered with sand (see 3.1.15), which waterproofs andimproves the texture of a pavement surface.3.1.17 sandy soila material consisting essentially of fine aggregate particles
23、 smaller than No. 10 (2.00-mm) sieve and usuallycontaining up to 20 % passing a No. 200 (75-m) sieve. This material usually exhibits plasticity characteristics.3.1.18 single-surface treatmenta single application of bitumen to any kind of road surface followed immediately by a singlelayer of aggregat
24、e of as uniform a size as practicable. The thickness of the treatment is about the same as the nominal maximumsize aggregate particles. A single-surface treatment is used as a wearing and waterproofing course.3.1.19 surface treatmentsapplications of bituminous materials to any type of road or paveme
25、nt surface that produce anincrease in thickness of less than 25mm (1 in.).3.1.20 tack coatan application of bituminous material applied to an existing, relatively nonabsorbent surface to provide athorough bond between old and new surfacing.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice defines various typ
26、es of bituminous paving construction for which cutback asphalt may be used. In addition,it delineates the types and grades recommended for each specific use.4.2 This practice provides the basic concepts on which the use recommendations have been made. It also provides a rationaleby which the user ma
27、y judiciously select a material for a specific job application from among those generally recommended.5. Precautions5.1 For some of the uses recommended in Table 1, the cutback asphalt may be applied at temperatures above its flash point.Caution, therefore, must be exercised at all times in handling
28、 these materials to prevent fire or an explosion.6. Recommended Uses6.1 The recommendations shown in Table 1 are for use only as a guide in paving and road construction. Several cutbackmaterials may be recommended in the table for a general construction procedure. Selection of a particular material
29、will dependon local practice, availability, traffic, and environmental conditions for the specific project being considered.6.2 Cutback asphalts are constituted from a base asphalt of selected hardness or viscosity dissolved in a solvent of high,medium, or low volatility to provide distinct differen
30、ces for construction purposes among the types. Slow curing cutbacksalternatively may be made directly by distillation. Upon exposure to atmospheric conditions, the highly volatile naphtha-typesolvent in rapid-curing blends evaporates quickly and leaves a hard, viscous-base asphalt to function with a
31、ggregate in the road.A less volatile kerosine-type solvent evaporates more slowly from medium-curing blends and leaves a base asphalt of mediumhardness or viscosity. Slow-curing blends contain a low-volatility fuel-oil type solvent and thus require the longest curing period.They leave a soft, low-vi
32、scosity asphalt on the aggregate. Both the curing rate and characteristics of the residual asphalt are factorsto be considered in the selection of liquid asphalts for various uses. However, primary consideration should be given to hardnessor viscosity of the remaining asphalt in relation to gradatio
33、n of the aggregate with which it is used. One-size aggregates, oropen-graded ones deficient in fines, require harder asphalts while softer materials may be used with dense-graded aggregates.6.3 The choice of cutback asphalt grade (viscosity) within any given type is generally controlled by the metho
34、d of construction(application or mix type and method of mixing) and by climatic conditions during construction. Applications that requireinfiltration of the aggregate necessitate a low enough viscosity to penetrate (prime coat) and a viscosity high enough to be retainedon the aggregate (penetration
35、macadam). Tack coats require low viscosity to achieve coverage with a thin film of residual asphalt.Surface treatment and seal coat types require a viscosity low enough to achieve wetting but high enough to prevent run-off fromroad crown or grade. With regard to mix types, higher viscosity materials
36、 may be used when the method is positive and efficient(plant mix) and the weather is warm. With less efficient mixing methods (road mix) and in cooler weather, lower viscosity materialsD2399 122may be needed.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted i
37、n connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the r
38、esponsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive car
39、eful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM Internation
40、al, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the
41、ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE 1 Cutback Asphalt Recommendations for General Paving UsesPaving Construction UseARecommended Cutback AsphaltRapid-Curing (D2028) Medium-Curing (D2027) Slo
42、w-Curing (D2026)RC-70RC-250RC-800RC-3000MC-30MC-70MC-250MC-800MC-3000SC-70SC-250SC-800SC-3000Bitumen-aggregate mixtures:Cold-laid plant mix:Pavement base and surfaces:Open-graded aggregate . . . . . . . X . . . . .Dense-graded aggregate . X . . . . X X X . X X XPatching, immediate use . X X . . . X
43、X X . . X XPatching, stockpile . . . . . . X X . . X X .Mixed-in-place (road mix):Pavement base and surfaces:Open-graded aggregate . X X X . . . X X . X X .Dense-graded aggregate . . . . . . X X . . X X .Sand . X X . . X X X . . . . .Sandy soil X X X . . . X X . . . . .Patching, immediate use . X X
44、. . . X X X . . X XPatching, stockpile . . . . . . X X . . X X .Bitumen-aggregate applications:Surface treatments:Single surface treatment . X X X . . . X X . . . .Multiple surface treatment . X X X . . . . X . . . .Sand seal . X . . . . X X . . . . .Penetration macadam:Large voids . . X X . . . . .
45、 . . . .Small voids . X . . . . . . . . . . .Bitumen applications:Surface treatment:Prime coat, open surfaces X X . . . X X . . . . . .Prime coat, tight surfaces X . . . X X . . . . . . .Tack coat X . . . . . . . . . . . .Dust binder X . . . . X . . . X . . .Mulch treatment X . . . . . . . . . . . .AFor definitions of terms used in this table, refer to Section 3.D2399 123
