1、Designation: D 2422 97 (Reapproved 2007)An American National StandardStandard Classification ofIndustrial Fluid Lubricants by Viscosity System1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2422; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in th
2、e case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This classification is applicable to all petroleum-basefluid lubricants and to those
3、nonpetroleum materials whichmay be readily blended to produce fluid lubricants of a desiredviscosity, that is, lubricants for bearings, gears, compressorcylinders, hydraulic fluids, etc.1.2 This classification is applicable to fluids ranging inkinematic viscosity from 2 to 3200 cSt (mm2/s) as measur
4、ed ata reference temperature of 40C. In the category of petroleum-base fluids, this covers the range from kerosine to heavycylinder oils.1.3 Fluids of either lesser or greater viscosity than the rangedescribed in 1.2 are, at present, seldom used as industriallubricants. Should industrial practices c
5、hange, then this system,based on a mathematical series of numbers, may be extended toretain its orderly progression.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 341 Test Method for Viscosity-Temperature Charts forLiquid Petroleum Products2.2 SAE Standard:3J 300 Engine Oil Viscosity Classification2.3
6、 ISO Standard:4ISO 3448 Industrial Liquid LubricantsISO ViscosityClassification3. Significance and Use3.1 This classification establishes a series of definite viscos-ity levels so that lubricant suppliers, lubricant users, andequipment designers will have a uniform and common basis fordesignating, s
7、pecifying, or selecting the viscosity of industrialfluid lubricants.3.2 This classification is used to eliminate unjustified inter-mediate viscosities, thereby reducing the total number ofviscosity grades used in the lubrication of industrial equipment.3.3 This system provides a suitable number of v
8、iscositygrades, a uniform reference temperature, a uniform viscositytolerance, and a nomenclature system for identifying theviscosity characteristics of each grade.3.4 This system implies no evaluation of lubricant qualityand applies to no property of a fluid other than its viscosity atthe reference
9、 temperature. It does not apply to those lubricantsused primarily with automotive equipment and identified withan SAE number.4. Basis of Classification4.1 Twenty viscosity grades are given in Table 1 .4.2 Each grade shall be designated by its nominal viscosityat 40C.4.3 The permissible variance in v
10、iscosity of each grade shallbe as shown in the two right-hand columns of Table 1. Theselimits are based upon a 610 % deviation from the mathemati-cal values which were used as the basis of construction of thissystem.4.4 The lubricant supplier may choose to exert a manufac-turing control on a given p
11、roduct that is closer than this 610 %tolerance. It is to be understood that any different percentagevariation that he uses will still guarantee maximum andminimum values that are not outside the limits of the standardviscosity grade limits. However, the lubricant purchaser or theequipment designer s
12、hall not normally specify control closerthan the maximum and minimums established herein for agiven grade.Any exception to this rule shall be handled outsidethe scope of this system and on a direct consumer-supplierrelationship.1This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onP
13、etroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.L0.11 on Tribiological Properties of Industrial Fluids and Lubricants.Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originallyapproved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 2422 97 (2002)
14、.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 C
15、ommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United Stat
16、es.5. Adoption of System5.1 Adoption of this viscosity system is to be voluntary onthe part of all persons or organizations. The system will beeffective only if used widely by designers, producers, andconsumers. There is nothing to prohibit use of a viscosity gradenot listed in the system if the pro
17、ducer and consumer mutuallyagree. It may be expected, however, that viscosity grades not inaccordance with this classification will be less readily availableto the purchaser than those grades which do conform.5.2 For the sake of world-wide uniformity of nomenclaturein identifying the viscosity chara
18、cteristics of fluid lubricantsthe following wording shall be used to designate a particularviscosity grade:ISO viscosity grade .which may be abbreviated to:ISO VG .The wording would be followed by the nominal viscosity at40C expressed in centistokes (millimetres squared per second)units of measureme
19、nt.5.3 The establishment of standardized viscosity grades ashas been done herein shall not imply nor require that everyviscosity grade be made available by all lubricant suppliers foreach and every type of fluid which he markets. The availabilitywill be dictated by the demand that exists in any one
20、locality atany given point in time.6. Keywords6.1 classification; lubricant; viscosityASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of t
21、he validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Yo
22、ur comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comment
23、s have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or mul
24、tiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE 1 Viscosity System for Industrial Fluid LubricantsAViscosity System GradeIdentificationMi
25、d-PointViscosity,cSt (mm2/s)at 40.0CKinematic ViscosityLimits, cSt (mm2/s) at40.0CB,Cmin maxISO VG 2 2.2 1.98 2.4ISO VG 3 3.2 2.88 3.52ISO VG 5 4.6 4.14 5.06ISO VG 7 6.8 6.12 7.48ISO VG 10 10 9.00 11.0ISO VG 15 15 13.5 16.5ISO VG 22 22 19.8 24.2ISO VG 32 32 28.8 35.2ISO VG 46 46 41.4 50.6ISO VG 68 6
26、8 61.2 74.8ISO VG 100 100 90.0 110ISO VG 150 150 135 165ISO VG 220 220 198 242ISO VG 320 320 288 352ISO VG 460 460 414 506ISO VG 680 680 612 748ISO VG 1000 1000 900 1100ISO VG 1500 1500 1350 1650ISO VG 2200 2200 1980 2420ISO VG 3200 3200 2880 3520AThis system implies no evaluation of quality.BThis system is used in ISO 3448.CIf 40C is not the temperature used when determining the viscosity (as issometimes the case with very viscous fluids) then the related viscosity at 40Cshall be established by using Viscosity Temperature Charts D 341.D 2422 97 (2007)2
