1、Designation: D2532 10Standard Test Method forViscosity and Viscosity Change After Standing at LowTemperature of Aircraft Turbine Lubricants1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2532; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the ca
2、se of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This tes
3、t method covers the determination of the kine-matic viscosity of aircraft turbine lubricants at low tempera-ture, and the percent change of viscosity after a 3-h and a 72-hstanding period at low temperature.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measuremen
4、t are included in thisstandard.1.2.1 The SI units for Kinematic Viscosity are mm2/s. Foruser reference, 1 mm2/s=10-6m2/s = 1 cSt.1.3 WARNINGMercury has been designated by manyregulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can causecentral nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, orits vap
5、or, may be hazardous to health and corrosive tomaterials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury andmercury containing products. See the applicable product Ma-terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPAswebsitehttp:/www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htmfor addi-tional information. Users should
6、be aware that selling mercuryand/or mercury containing products into your state or countrymay be prohibited by law.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate
7、safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardstatements, see Section 6.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-it
8、y)E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers3. Summary of Test Method3.1 Kinematic viscosity is measured at low temperature inaccordance with Test Method D445 and at time intervals of 3 hand 72 h.NOTE 1This test method was developed and the precision establishedon tests at 53.9C (65F). I
9、t is also applied at 40C (40F) and maybe used at other temperatures. Viscosities may be measured and reportedat other intervals as agreed by the contracting parties.4. Significance and Use4.1 Aircraft turbine lubricants, upon standing at low tem-peratures for prolonged periods of time, may show an i
10、ncreasein kinematic viscosity. This increase may cause lubricationproblems in aircraft engines. Thus, this test method is used toensure that the kinematic viscosity does not exceed themaximum kinematic viscosity in certain specifications foraircraft turbine lubricants.5. Apparatus5.1 Viscometers, dr
11、ying tubes, low-temperature bath, ther-mometer, timer, secondary viscosity standard, filter, and clean-ing supplies are described in detail in Test Method D445.5.2 ViscometerThe viscometer shall meet the require-ments of Test Method D445 and be of the type in which thesample can be rerun without cle
12、aning the viscometer. Suitableholders should be used. For convenience it is recommendedthat the viscometer size be chosen to keep the efflux timebetween 200 and 1000 s.5.3 Drying TubesFit the viscometer openings with dryingtubes filled with indicating silica gel, using cotton at top andbottom to hol
13、d the loosely packed desiccant in place. Providea cross-connection on the viscometer side of the drying tubes(which can be closed by a pinch clamp or stopcock while liquidis being drawn into the efflux bulb) so that the restriction to air1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee
14、D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.07 on Flow Properties.Current edition approved July 1, 2010. Published July 2010. Originally approvedin 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D253203. DOI: 10.1520/D2532-10.2For referenced ASTM stan
15、dards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM Inte
16、rnational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.flow will not cause error. Replace the silica gel when alavender color is noticeable.5.4 Viscosity Temperature BathThe constant-temperaturebath must be capable of holding several viscometers at once. Itmus
17、t have adequate stirring of the liquid medium (Note 2) andbalance between heat losses such that the bath temperature canbe maintained at the required temperature 60.03C (60.05F).NOTE 2Isopropanol or other clear, low-freezing liquid may be used asa bath liquid.5.5 Low-Temperature Storage CabinetIf it
18、 is desired toexercise the option described in Note 3 (7.4), a low-temperature storage cabinet or bath shall be provided which iscapable of holding the required temperature with a variationnot to exceed 60.3C (60.5F).5.6 Bath ThermometerCalibrated ASTM Kinematic Vis-cosity Test Thermometer such as 7
19、3F or 74F conforming to therequirements as prescribed in Specification E1. Other cali-brated thermometric devices are permissible provided theiraccuracy, precision, and sensitivity are equal to or better thanthe above thermometers.5.7 Secondary Viscosity Standards.36. Procedure for Cleaning Viscomet
20、ers and Filter Screen6.1 Apply air pressure or suction to the viscometer toremove any previous test specimen. Allow the viscometer todrain for 5 min.6.1.1 Wash the viscometer four times, inside and out, withfresh toluene (WarningFlammable) using suction as re-quired. Allow the viscometer to drain.6.
21、1.2 Wash the viscometer four times, inside and out, withacetone, and allow to drain for 5 min. Then dry with suction.6.1.3 Clean the viscometer thoroughly by filling it com-pletely with glass cleaning solution. Allow to drain for 5 min.6.1.4 Rinse viscometer inside and out with distilled wateruntil
22、all traces of the cleaning solution are completely re-moved. Allow to drain for 5 min.6.1.5 Dry in oven at approximately 100C (212F).6.2 Clean the filter screen by first disassembling the screen(if practicable).6.2.1 Rinse thoroughly with fresh toluene (WarningFlammable).6.2.2 Rinse thoroughly with
23、fresh acetone (WarningFlammable).6.2.3 Dry in oven at approximately 100C (212F).7. Procedure7.1 For the duration of the test, maintain the bath tempera-ture at the required temperature 60.03C (60.05F).7.2 Charge the clean, dry viscometer as prescribed in TestMethod D445.7.2.1 Affix the drying tubes
24、and carefully flush the moistroom air from the viscometer by placing vacuum to the dryingtubes. Draw the sample into the working capillary and timingbulb so as to preclude the possibility of any traces of residuemoisture condensing on the walls of the capillary and timingbulb while the sample cools
25、to test temperature. Moisture mustnot be allowed to condense on the walls of the workingcapillary and efflux bulb.7.2.2 Place the viscometer in the constant-temperature bath,and vertically align the viscometer if a self-aligning holder hasnot been used.7.2.3 Make the first determination of kinematic
26、 viscosity 356 1 min after the viscometer is placed in the bath. Measure theefflux time as specified in Test Method D445. Be careful thatthe stopcock or pinch clamp joining each arm of the viscometerhas been opened to ensure that there is no effect of the dryingtubes on the efflux time.7.3 Measure t
27、he kinematic viscosity after standing3hattherequired temperature. Without removal of the viscometer fromthe constant-temperature bath, repeat the viscosity determina-tion (7.2.3)at3h6 5 min after the completion of the initialviscosity determination.7.4 Measure the kinematic viscosity after standing
28、72 h atthe required temperature. Without removal of the viscometerfrom the constant-temperature bath (Note 3), repeat the viscos-ity determination (7.2.3)at72h6 5 min after the completionof the initial viscosity measurement (Note 1).NOTE 3If for some reason, such as unavailability of operator atten-
29、tion, it becomes difficult or impractical to maintain the temperature of thebath within the specified 60.03C (60.05F) variations for the entire timerequired for completion of the 72-h test, the bath may be put on automaticcontrol capable of holding the required temperature at 60.3C (60.5F).Optionall
30、y, the viscometer may be removed from the bath and placed inthe low-temperature storage cabinet or bath described in 5.5. In eithercase, the viscometer shall be returned to conditions of 0.03C (60.05F)and held there for at least 35 min before the viscosity is to be measuredagain.8. Calculation8.1 Ca
31、lculate the kinematic viscosity as follows:Kinematic viscosity, mm2/s 5 C t (1)where:C = calibration constant of the viscometer at the requiredtemperature, mm2/s2, andt = efflux time, s.8.2 Report the viscosity in mm2/s at 35 min, 3 h, and 72 h.8.3 Calculate the percent viscosity change as follows:V
32、iscosity change, percent 5 100B 2 A!/A,or 100C 2 A!/A (2)where:A = viscosity at 35 min,B = viscosity at 3 h, andC = viscosity at 72 h.9. Precision and BiasNOTE 4This precision statement is under review by ASTM Commit-tee D02.07. An interlaboratory study (ILS) is underway to study theprecision and bi
33、as for 10 commercial aviation turbine lubricants at -40Cand -51C. This ILS is expected to be completed in 2010 with a ballotgenerated to revise this precision statement no later than 2011.9.1 PrecisionThe following criteria should be used forjudging the acceptability of results at a 95 % confidence
34、level.3Viscosity standards for calibration of viscometers may be purchased at theCannon Instrument Co., State College, PA. Calibrated viscometers are alsocommercially available.D2532 1029.1.1 RepeatabilityThe difference between successive testresults obtained by the same apparatus under constant ope
35、rat-ing conditions on identical test material would, in the long run,in the normal and correct operation of this test method exceed,after the 35-min period, the values shown on the repeatabilitycurve in Fig. 1 only in one case in twenty. Differences greaterthan this should be considered suspect.9.1.
36、2 ReproducibilityThe difference between two singleand independent test results, obtained by different operatorsworking in different laboratories on identical test materialwould, in the long run, in the normal and correct operation ofthis test method exceed, after the 35-min period, the valuesshown o
37、n the reproducibility curve in Fig. 1 only in one casein twenty. Differences greater than this should be consideredsuspect.9.1.3 The precision of kinematic viscosity determinationsafter standing times in excess of 35 min has not been calculatedbecause it has been found that certain oils, while held
38、instorage at 53.9C (65F), develop characteristics that causewide variations in observed kinematic viscosities.9.2 BiasSince there is no accepted reference materialsuitable for determining the bias for this test method, nostatement on bias is being made.10. Keywords10.1 aircraft turbine lubricants; k
39、inematic viscosity;viscosityFIG. 1 Repeatability and ReproducibilityD2532 103SUMMARY OF CHANGESSubcommittee D02.07 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D253203) that may impact the use of this standard.(1) Deleted original 1.2 and revised 1.2 to clari
40、fy SI units inthe standard.(2) Revised 8.1 and Eq 1 to remove non-SI units.(3) Added Note 4 regarding pending update to Precision andBias.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this st
41、andard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years a
42、ndif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,
43、 which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-29
44、59,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D2532 104
