1、Designation: D 2556 93a (Reapproved 2005)Standard Test Method forApparent Viscosity of Adhesives Having Shear-Rate-Dependent Flow Properties1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2556; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This t
3、est method covers the measurement of the appar-ent viscosity of shear-rate-dependent adhesives.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any,
4、 associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 907 Terminology of Adhesives3. Terminology3.1 Defi
5、nitions: Many terms in this test method are definedin Terminology D 907.3.1.1 Newtonian behavior, nthe property of a liquid inwhich its viscosity is constant over a stated range of strainrates. (Compare non-Newtonian behavior.)3.1.2 non-Newtonian behavior, nthe property of a liquidin which its visco
6、sity is not constant over a stated range ofstrain rates.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 apparent viscosity, nresistance to shear at a givenrate of shear, expressed as viscosity in absolute units.4. Significance and Use4.1 The principle of measurement is based upon a reversib
7、leisothermal change in apparent viscosity with change in rate ofshear.4.2 Measurement is performed with a spindle, disk, T-bar, orcoaxial cylinder rotational viscometer under standardized con-ditions with rigid control of the time intervals of measurement.Readings are obtained on the viscometer dial
8、 scale at the endof 1 min for each rotational speed. Changes from the lowestspeed to the highest speed, and return to the lowest speed, aremade without stopping the instrument.5. Apparatus5.1 ViscometerThe apparatus consists of a spindle,3disk,3T-bar,3or coaxial-type4viscometer with appropriate spin
9、dles,disks, T-bars, or cylinders. Do not use a scored, warped, orotherwise damaged spindle, disk, T-bar, or cylinder. Exceptwhen using the coaxial cylinder-type viscometer, the size ofcontainer to be used is determined by mutual agreement. Someinstruments have two concentric scales, and care is to b
10、e takento read the pointer on the correct scale.5.2 Supporting Stand5Use a support for the viscometerwhich consists of a suitable stand with a supporting armcapable of being lowered or raised either manually or mechani-cally.5.3 ThermometerUse a precision thermometer, withgraduations not greater tha
11、n 0.2C (0.5F), for temperaturemeasurements.6. Conditioning6.1 Condition the adhesive sample and instrument at 23 60.5C (73.4 6 1.0F) (or other temperature agreed uponbetween the adhesive vendor and the purchaser) at least 16 h.If special conditioning methods are necessary, such as the useof a circul
12、ating water bath, they shall be noted in the report, see8.1.4.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 onAdhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.10 on WorkingProperties.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2005. Published November 2005. Originallyapproved
13、in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D 2556 93a (1997).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM
14、website.3The Brookfield Synchro-Lectric Viscometers, Models LV, RV, or HV have beenfound satisfactory for this purpose and are available from the Brookfield Engineer-ing Laboratories, Stoughton, MA.4The Ferranti Portable Viscometers, Models VL, VM, or VH have been foundsatisfactory for this test met
15、hod and are available from Ferranti Electric Inc.,Plainview, Long Island, NY.5The Brookfield Helipath Stand or other commercially available stands may beused.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7. Procedure7.1 Select a vi
16、scometer and spindle (see Table X1.1), disk,T-bar, or cylinder suited to the viscosity range of the materialsuch that the model-speed-rotational element combination willgive dial readings between 20 and 80 % of the full-scalereading. Firmly fit the rotational element into the shaft exten-sion which
17、goes down through the center of the dial casing.Place the viscometer on the supporting stand so that therotational element is vertical. Slowly immerse the rotationalelement in the sample to the depth recommended by themanufacturer of the apparatus or, where this is not clearlyindicated, to a depth a
18、greed upon between the adhesive vendorand the purchaser. Take care as the rotational element islowered into the solution to ensure that no air is trapped underor around it. See Appendix X1 for example of spindleselection.7.2 With the rotational element immersed in the adhesive,start the motor of the
19、 viscometer at the lowest rotational speed.Maintain this speed for exactly 1 min. Without stopping themotor, increase the speed to the next indicated measure ofrotation, etc., at 1-min (62 s) intervals, until the maximumreadable rotation has been achieved. At the end of 1 min at thisspeed, decrease
20、the revolutions per minute in 1-min intervalsuntil the lowest speed has been reached. Record dial readingsat the end of each minute.7.3 A plot of rotational speed versus apparent viscosity asdetermined from the dial readings provides evidence as toshear-rate dependency of the material. A value of ap
21、parentviscosity may be obtained from any point on the curve.8. Report8.1 Report the following information:8.1.1 Date of test and complete identification of the adhe-sive tested, including type, source, manufacturers code num-bers, form, date of manufacture,8.1.2 Name and model number of the instrume
22、nt used,8.1.3 Number and type of rotational element used,8.1.4 Conditioning procedure employed in preparation ofthe adhesive for testing, including dimensions of the testcontainer,8.1.5 Time elapsed between various operations in prepara-tion of the adhesive mix and between rotational elementimmersio
23、n and start of test,8.1.6 Temperature of the sample during test,8.1.7 Depth of immersion of rotating element (if depth notstandard), and8.1.8 Apparent viscosity in poises or equivalent units asso-ciated with the particular equipment at one or more selectedrotational speeds and whether obtained while
24、 increasing ordecreasing the rotational speeds.NOTE 1The shear-rate-dependent characteristics of a sample undertest may be defined by a so-called “thixotropic index,” which is the ratioof apparent viscosities at two different speeds. For example:apparent viscosity at speed 2apparent viscosity at spe
25、ed 205 80 000 cP/20 000 cP 5 4 (1)9. Precision and Bias9.1 No precision and bias data are available for this testmethod.10. Keywords10.1 apparent viscosityD 2556 93a (2005)2APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. EXAMPLE OF TABLE FOR VISCOMETER AND SPINDLE SELECTIONREFERENCES(1) Eirich, F. R., Rheolog
26、y, Academic Press, 111 5th Ave., New York, NY,1960.(2) Green, Henry, Industrial Rheology and Rheological Structures, JohnWiley and Sons, New York, NY, 1949.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard
27、. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed
28、every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible te
29、chnical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshoh
30、ocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE X1.1 Recommended Sp
31、indles for Brookfield RVFViscometerRange, cPASpindleSpeed,r/minFactorB100 to 400 1 20 5400 to 800 1 10 10800 to 1 600 2 20 201 600 to 3 200 2 10 403 200 to 4 000 3 20 504 000 to 8 000 4 20 1008 000 to 16 000 4 10 20016 000 to 20 000 3 4 25020 000 to 40 000 4 4 50040 000 to 80 000 4 2 1 00080 000 to
32、160 000 5 2 2 000160 000 to 200 000 6 4 2 500200 000 to 400 000 6 2 5 000400 000 to 800 000 7 4 10 000800 000 to 2 000 000 7 2 20 000AIf the scale reading is below 20 or above 80, move to the spindle and speedrecommended for the next lower or higher viscosity-range.BTo obtain the viscosity in centipoises, multiply the reading on the “100” scaleby the factor for the given spindle and speed.D 2556 93a (2005)3
