1、Designation: D 2633 02An American National StandardStandard Test Methods forThermoplastic Insulations and Jackets for Wire and Cable1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2633; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the testing ofthermoplastic insulations and jackets use
3、d on insulated wireand cable. To determine the test to be made on the particularinsulation or jacket compound, reference should be made to theproduct specification for that type. These test methods do notapply to the class of products known as flexible cords. Theelectrical tests on insulation and wa
4、ter-absorption tests do notapply to the class of products having a separator between theconductor and the insulation.1.2 These test methods pertain to insulation or jacketmaterial for electrical wires and cables. In many instances theinsulation or jacket material cannot be tested unless it has beenf
5、ormed around a conductor or cable. Therefore, tests are doneon insulated or jacketed wire or cable in these test methodssolely to determine the relevant property of the insulation orjacket material and not to test the conductor or completedcable.1.3 Whenever two sets of values are presented, in diff
6、erentunits, the values in the first set are the standard, while those inparentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety
7、 and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardssee Sections 4 and 63.1.5 The procedures appear in the following sections:Procedure SectionsCold Bend Test 75 to 77Dielectric Strength Retention Test 45 to 51Electrical Tests of Insulat
8、ion 17 to 29Heat Distortion Test 74Heat Shock Test 73Insulation Resistance Test 30 to 37Partial-Discharge Extinction Level Test 38 to 44Physical Tests of Insulation and Jackets 5 to 16Surface Resistivity Test 64 to 67Thermal Tests 72 to 77Track Resistance Test 78 to 81U-Bend Discharge Test 68 to 71V
9、ertical Flame Test 63Water Absorption Tests, Accelerated 52 to 622. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage andDielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materialsat Commercial Power Frequencies2D 150 Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics
10、and Per-mittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insula-tion2D 257 Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance ofInsulation2D 374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-lation2D 471 Test Method for Rubber Property-Effect of Liquids3D 573 Test Method for Rubber-Deterioration
11、 in an AirOven3D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics4D 1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation2D 1248 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics ExtrusionMaterials For Wire and Cable4D 2132 Test Method for Dust-and-Fog Tracking and Ero-sion Resistance of Electrical Insulating
12、Materials2D 3755 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage andDielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating MaterialsUnder Direct-Voltage Stress5D 5025 Specification for a Laboratory Burner Used forSmall-Scale Burning Tests on Plastic Materials6D 5207 Practice for Calibration of 20 and 125 m
13、m TestFlames for Small-Scale Burning Tests on Plastic Materi-als6D 5423 Specification for Forced-Convection LaboratoryOvens for Evaluation of Electrical Insulation5E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications72.2 Federal Standard:1These methods
14、are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 onElectrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D09.18 on Solid Insulations, Non-Metallic Shieldings, and Cover-ings for Electrical and Telecommunication Wires and Cables.Current edition approved March
15、 10, 2002. Published June 2002. Originallypublished as D 2633 67. Last previous edition D 2633 96.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.02.6Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vo
16、l 08.03.7Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Federal Specification for Tape; Paper, Gummed (Kraft)(PPP-T-45D)82.3 ICEA Standard:T-24-380 Guide for Partial-Discharge Procedure93. Te
17、rminology3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in these testmethods, refer to Terminology D 1711.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 aging (act of), nexposure of material to air or oil ata temperature and a time as specified in the relevant materialspecification for tha
18、t material.3.3 Symbol:3.3.1 kcmil = thousands of circular mils.4. Hazards4.1 Mercury:4.1.1 Caution: Mercury metal vapor poisoning has longbeen recognized as a hazard. When using equipment contain-ing or requiring the use of mercury, take all precautions andcare to avoid the escape of mercury vapor o
19、r the spillage ofmercury. Maximum limits for mercury concentrations in in-dustrial atmospheres are set by governmental agencies. Theselimits are usually based upon recommendations made by theAmerican Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygien-ists.10It is possible for the concentration of mercury
20、vaporsaccompanying spills from broken thermometers, barometers,and other instruments using mercury to exceed these limits.Mercury, being a heavy liquid with high surface tension,readily disperses into small droplets after spills, lodging incracks and crevices. Resultant increased surface area of the
21、mercury due to this dispersion promotes higher mercuryconcentrations in the surrounding air. Mercury vapor concen-trations are readily measured using commercially availableinstrumentation. To monitor environmental hazards it is advis-able to make periodic checks for mercury content at locationswhere
22、 mercury is exposed to the atmosphere. Use a spill kit forclean-up whenever spillage occurs. After spills and clean-up,make thorough checks for mercury vapor concentrations in theatmosphere. See 8.4.4.2 High Voltage:4.2.1 Caution: Lethal voltages are a potential hazard duringthe performance of this
23、test. It is essential that the testapparatus, and all associated equipment electrically connectedto it, be properly designed and installed for safe operation.Solidly ground all electrically conductive parts which it ispossible for a person to contact during the test. Provide meansfor use at the comp
24、letion of any test to ground any parts whichwere at high voltage during the test or have the potential foracquiring an induced charge during the test or retaining acharge even after disconnection of the voltage source. Thor-oughly instruct all operators as to the correct procedures forperforming tes
25、ts safely. When making high voltage tests,particularly in compressed gas or in oil, it is possible for theenergy released at breakdown to be sufficient to result in fire,explosion, or rupture of the test chamber. Design test equip-ment, test chambers, and test specimens so as to minimize thepossibil
26、ity of such occurrences and to eliminate the possibilityof personal injury. If the potential for fire exists, have firesuppression equipment available. See 20.1, 27.1, 33.1, 42.1,48.1, 55.1, 65.1, 69.1, and 79.1.PHYSICAL TESTS OF INSULATIONS AND JACKETS5. Scope5.1 Physical tests include determinatio
27、n of the followingproperties of insulations and jackets:5.1.1 Thickness,5.1.2 Tensile strength,5.1.3 Ultimate elongation,5.1.4 Accelerated aging,5.1.5 Effects of oil immersion,5.1.6 Accelerated water absorption,5.1.7 Flame test evaluation,5.1.8 Heat shock,5.1.9 Heat distortion, and5.1.10 Cold bend.6
28、. Significance and Use6.1 Physical tests, properly interpreted, provide informationwith regard to the physical properties of the insulation orjacket. The physical test values give an approximation of howthe insulation will physically perform in its service life.Physical tests may provide data for re
29、search and development,engineering design, quality control, and acceptance or rejectionunder specifications.7. Sampling7.1 Number of SamplesUnless otherwise required by thedetailed product specification, sample the wire and cable to dothe physical tests other than the tests for insulation and jacket
30、thickness, as follows:7.1.1 For sizes of less than 250 kcmil (127 mm2)Selectone sample for each quantity ordered between 2000 ft (600 m)and 50 000 ft (15 200 m) of wire or cable. Select one additionalsample for each additional 50 000 ft thereafter. Do not select asample from lots of less than 2000 f
31、t.7.1.2 For sizes of 250 kcmil (127 mm2) and overSelectone sample for each quantity ordered between 1000 ft (300 m)and 25 000 ft (7600 m) of wire or cable. Select one additionalsample for each additional 25 000 ft thereafter. Do not select asample from lots of less than 1000 ft.7.2 Size of SamplesCh
32、oose samples at least 6 ft (2 m) inlength when the wire size is less than 250 kcmil (127 mm2).Select a sample at least 3 ft (1 m) in length when the wire sizeis 250 kcmil or larger.8. Test Specimens8.1 Number of SpecimensFrom each of the samples se-lected in accordance with Section 7, prepare test s
33、pecimens asfollows:8Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.9Available from Insulated Cable Eng. Assoc. Inc., P.O. Box 440, SouthYarmouth, MA 02664.10The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist
34、s is located atBldg. D-7, 6500 Glenway Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45211.D2633022Test Number of Test SpecimensFor determination of original tensile strengthand ultimate elongation3For aging test 3For oil immersion 3When only one or two samples are selected, test all threespecimens of each sample, and repor
35、t the average result ofeach. Otherwise, test one specimen of each three and hold theother two specimens in reserve.8.2 Size of SpecimensWhen testing wire smaller than 6AWG (13.3 mm2) which has an insulation thickness less 0.095in. (2.41 mm), test the entire specimen cut from the section ofthe insula
36、tion. When testing wire of 6 AWG and larger, or wiresmaller than 6 AWG having an insulation thickness greaterthan 0.095 in., cut specimens approximately square in section,with a cross section not greater than 0.025 in.2(1.6 mm2) fromthe insulation. In extreme cases, it may be necessary to use asegme
37、nted or sector-shaped specimen. Make the test speci-mens approximately 6 in. (150 mm) long. Take the jacketcompound test specimens from the complete wire assembly.Cut the specimens parallel to the axis of the wire. Cut a testspecimen (either a segment or sector) with a suitable sharpinstrument. Alte
38、rnatively, use a die to prepare a shapedspecimen with a cross-sectional area not greater than 0.025in.2.8.3 Preparation of SpecimensPrepare specimens havingsmooth uncut surfaces. Remove irregularities and corrugationsby buffing, planing, or skiving so that the test specimen issmooth and uniform in t
39、hickness. Remove reinforcing cords orwires carefully. Do not heat, immerse in water, or subjectspecimens to any mechanical or chemical treatment not spe-cifically prescribed in these test methods. Additional treatmentsmust be agreed upon by the producer and the purchaser.8.4 Insulation removal is of
40、ten facilitated by stretching theconductor to the breaking point in a tensile-strength machine,or by cutting the insulation through to the conductor, longitu-dinally, and carefully removing it. Usually, in the case ofinsulated tinned conductor, a complete test specimen can beobtained, free from surf
41、ace incisions and imperfections, by useof mercury. The mercury is introduced at one end of thespecimen between the insulation and the tinned surface of theconductor. The specimen is inclined on a support. Introduce themercury at the top. Amalgamation of the mercury and tincauses the insulation to se
42、parate. Amalgamation is aided byimmersing and rubbing the tinned wire on the exposed end ofthe conductor in the mercury. Caution: See 4.1.9. Measurement of Thickness of Specimens9.1 Make thickness measurements of the insulation with anytype of micrometer reading to 0.001 in. (0.025 mm) andsuitable f
43、or measurements of this characteristic. See Method Aor B of Test Methods D 374. The average thickness of theinsulation is calculated as one half the difference between themean of the maximum and minimum diameters over theinsulation at one point and the average diameter of theconductor measured at th
44、e same point. The minimum thicknessof the insulation is calculated as the difference between ameasurement made over the conductor plus the thinnestinsulation wall, and the diameter of the conductor. (Make thefirst measurement after slicing off the thicker side of theinsulation.) When the wire or cab
45、le has a jacket, remove thejacket and determine its minimum and maximum thickness bymicrometer measurement. Take the average of these determi-nations as the average thickness of the jacket.9.2 If the procedures given in 9.1 cannot be followedconveniently, an optical micrometer may be used.9.3 Number
46、 of Thickness Measurements When the lot ofwire to be inspected consists of two or fewer coils or reels,make at least one determination of the thickness on each coil orreel. When the lot is greater than two coils or reels and fewerthan 20 coils or reels, make at least one determination of thethicknes
47、s on each of two coils or reels selected at random. Forlots greater than 20 coils or reels, randomly select a minimumof 10 % of the coils or reels. Make at least one determinationof thickness on each coil or reel selected.10. Physical Test Procedures10.1 Determine the physical properties in accordan
48、ce withTest Method D 638, except as specified in 10.2, 10.3, and 10.4.10.2 Test the specimens at a temperature of 68 to 82F (20to 28C).10.3 Mark specimens for all physical tests with gage marks1 in. (25 mm) apart. Place a specimen in the jaws of the testingmachine. The maximum distance between the j
49、aws is 2 in. (50mm).10.4 Test insulation or jacketing at a jaw separation speed asspecified in Specification D 1248 or other applicable productspecification.11. Calculation of Area of Specimens11.1 Calculate the area of a test specimen as follows:11.1.1 When the total cross-section of the insulation is used,calculate the area as the difference between the area of thecircle whose diameter is the average outside diameter of theinsulation and the area of the conductor. Calculate the area ofa stranded conductor from its maximum diameter.11.1.2 Where the specimen is a slice cut
