ASTM D2777-2013 Standard Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water《D19水委员会对水适用试验方法的精确性及偏差测定的标准操作规程》.pdf
《ASTM D2777-2013 Standard Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water《D19水委员会对水适用试验方法的精确性及偏差测定的标准操作规程》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM D2777-2013 Standard Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water《D19水委员会对水适用试验方法的精确性及偏差测定的标准操作规程》.pdf(21页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: D2777 13Standard Practice forDetermination of Precision and Bias of Applicable TestMethods of Committee D19 on Water1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2777; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revi
2、sion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice establishes uniform standards for estimat-ing and expressing the precision and bias of
3、 applicable testmethods for Committee D19 on Water. Statements of precisionand bias in test methods are required by the Form and Style forASTM Standards, “Section A21. Precision and Bias (Manda-tory).” In principle, all test methods are covered by thispractice.1.2 Except as specified in 1.4, 1.5, an
4、d 1.6, this practicerequires the task group proposing a new test method to carryout a collaborative study from which statements for precision(overall and single-operator standard-deviation estimates) andbias can be developed. This practice provides general guidanceto task groups in planning and cond
5、ucting such determinationsof precision and bias.1.3 This practice also provides guidance to task groups forconducting limited-scale collaborative studies (known as“comparability studies”) for test methods that have beenrevised, when such revision includes substantive modifications.Examples of substa
6、ntive modifications may include, but are notlimited to, changes in mandatory or allowable instrumentation,reagents, reaction times, etc.1.3.1 Changes to applicable water matrices in the Scope ofa method may constitute a substantive modification under thisprovision. However, recognize that even the o
7、riginal collab-orative study may not have used all the various matrix typesspecified in the methods original Scope.1.3.2 A methods concentration-range extension that isdeemed to merit additional collaborative testing (even withouta method modification that would otherwise be consideredsubstantive) s
8、hall require a full collaborative study, as de-scribed in Sections 7.1-7.5, but only at Youden-pair concen-trations representative of the extended range. Note that such acollaborative study could involve as little as a single-sampleYouden-pair study in a single reproducible matrix.1.3.3 Whether a re
9、vision to a test method includes substan-tive modification shall be determined by consensus of theCommittee.1.4 If a full-scale collaborative study is not technicallyfeasible, due to the nature of the test method or instability ofsamples, the largest feasible scaled-down collaborative studyshall be
10、conducted to provide the best possible limited basis forestimating the overall and single-operator standard deviations.1.4.1 Examples of acceptable scaled-down studies are thelocal-area studies conducted by Subcommittee D19.24 onmicrobiological methods because of inherent sample instabil-ity. These
11、studies involve six or more completely independentlocal-area analysts who can begin analysis of uniform samplesat an agreed upon time.1.4.2 If uniform samples are not feasible under anycircumstances, a statement of single-operator precision willmeet the requirements of this practice. Whenever possib
12、le, thisstatement should be developed from data generated by inde-pendent multiple operators, each doing replicate analyses onindependent samples (of a specific matrix type), which gener-ally fall within specified concentration ranges (see 7.2.5.2 (3).1.4.3 This practice is not applicable to methodo
13、logy involv-ing continuous sampling or continuous measurement, or both,of specific constituents and properties.1.4.4 This practice is also not applicable to open-channelflow measurements.1.5 A collaborative study that satisfied the requirements ofthe version of this practice in force when the study
14、wasconducted will continue to be considered an adequate basis forthe precision-and-bias statement required in each test method.If the study does not satisfy the current minimum requirementsfor a collaborative study, a statement listing the studysdeficiencies and a reference to this paragraph shall b
15、e includedin the precision-and-bias statement as the basis for an exemp-tion from the current requirements.1.6 This paragraph relates to special exemptions not clearlyacceptable under 1.4 or 1.5. With the approval of CommitteeD19 on the recommendation of the Results Advisor and theTechnical Operatio
16、ns Section of the Executive Subcommitteeof Committee D19, a statement giving a compelling reasonwhy compliance with all or specific points of this practice1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.02 on Quality Systems
17、,Specification, and Statistics.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2013. Published February 2013. Originallyapproved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D2777 12. DOI:10.1520/D2777-13.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. Unit
18、ed States1cannot be achieved will meet both ASTM requirements (1)2and the related requirements of this practice. In addition,Committee D19, through a Main Committee ballot, mayapprove publication of a “Preliminary” Standard Method for aperiod not to exceed 5 years. Preliminary Standards mustcontain
19、a minimum of a single-operator precision-and-biasstatement and a Quality Control section based on the singleoperator data. Publication of a Preliminary Standard is condi-tional on the approval of a full D2777 collaborative studydesign for the standard. Precision-and-bias statements autho-rized by th
20、is paragraph shall include the date of approval byCommittee D19.1.7 Per Section A21.2.3 of the ASTM Form and StyleManual the committee may delay an interlaboratory study fora new method and include a temporary statement in thePrecision and Bias Section that addresses only single operatorprecision (“
21、repeatability”). This statement is valid for fiveyears from the initial publication date. In this case, a singlelaboratory study shall be conducted in accordance with Section7.6.1.8 In Section 12 this practice shows exemplary precision-and-bias-statement formats for: (1) test methods yielding anumer
22、ical measure, (2) test methods yielding a non-numericalreport of success or failure based on criteria specified in theprocedure, and (3) test methods specifying that procedures inanother ASTM test method are to be used with only insignifi-cant modifications.1.9 All studies, even those exempt from so
23、me requirementsunder Sections 1.4 through 1.8, shall receive approval from theResults Advisor before being conducted (see Section 8) andafter completion (see Section 13).1.10 This practice satisfies the QC requirements of PracticeD5847.1.11 It is the intent of this practice that task groups makeever
24、y effort to retain all the data from their round-robin studies.Values should not be eliminated unless solid evidence exists fortheir exclusion. The Results Advisor should work closely withthe task groups to effect this goal.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D1129 Terminology Relating to Wat
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