1、Designation: D 2813 03Standard Practice forSampling Leather for Physical and Chemical Tests1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2813; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A nu
2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the sampling of finished leather a
3、ndfabricated leather items for physical and chemical tests. Theproduct is grouped into lots that are randomly sampled in sucha manner as to produce a representative sample of the lot. Thissample may be used to determine compliance of the lot withapplicable specification requirements, and on the basi
4、s ofresults, the lot may be accepted or rejected in its entirety.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the appl
5、ica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1610 Practice for Conditioning Leather and LeatherProducts for Testing3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 lot (or batch)units of products from a single type,grade, class, size, and composition, manufacture
6、d under essen-tially the same conditions and time.3.1.2 Leather in formed lots should be produced from:(1) Units of product of similar size and type.(2) Tanning and finishing material obtained from the sameproducer (functionally equivalent).(3) A single product method.(4) Sequential production batch
7、es.3.1.3 unita piece of leather in the form in which it ispurchased, such as a single hide, skin, or any part thereof, or asingle fabricated-leather article in the form in which it ispurchased, such as a counter, pair of shoes, a gasket, etc.4. Significance and Use4.1 The sampling procedures describ
8、ed in this practice havebeen designed to ensure random sampling of finished leatherand fabricated leather items for physical and chemical tests.Leather is a natural product and as such is subject to extensivevariability. The physical and chemical properties vary consid-erably depending on location o
9、n the hide, side or skin fromwhich the test sample is taken. Random sampling of specimensfrom a predefined location and orientation minimizes test biasand variability. This practice defines these parameters.5. Conditioning5.1 Physical tests of leather and leather products, unlessotherwise specified
10、in the applicable test method, specification,or procurement document, shall be performed under standardatmospheric conditions as described in Practice D 1610, whichis 50 6 4 % relative humidity at a temperature of 23 6 1C(73.4 6 2F).6. Procedure6.1 Prior to sampling, identify the product properly as
11、 a lotor batch.6.2 Select units from locations scattered throughout the lot,not from the same portion of the lot, such as a single carton,layer, etc. Take without regard to quality.6.2.1 The number of samples taken depends on the reliabil-ity of the test results, the deviation of the properties, and
12、 theerror of the testing procedure. The number of samples takenmay be at the discretion of the user and the related test methodand should also be recorded on the test report.6.3 Location and Size of Cuttings :6.3.1 SkinsCut the test piece to the size and shaperequired for the tests to be made, with
13、one edge parallel to and1 in. (25.4 mm) from the backbone line, beginning 3 in. (76mm) from the root of the tail. Pieces shall be cut from only oneside of the backbone of each skin. The test area for skinscorresponds to area a for cattlehides of Fig. 1.6.3.2 CattlehidesThe location and size of cutti
14、ng shall beas follows:1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D31 on Leather,and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.07 on Physical PropertiesGeneral. This practice was developed in cooperation with the American LeatherChemists Assn. (Standard Method J 1 1956).Current
15、 edition approved Oct. 1, 2003. Published December 2003. Originallyapproved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D 2813 97.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume i
16、nformation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.3.2.1 Hides, Sides, Crops, Backs, and BendsCut the testpiece to the size and shape required for the test to
17、 be made,with one edge parallel to and 2 in. (51 mm) from the backboneline beginning 5 in. (127 mm) from the root of the tail. In mostinstances, test piece a may be cut 8 in. (203 mm) by 8 in. (203mm). Sample double bends, belting butts, and hides on onlyone side of the backbone (see Fig. 1, test ar
18、ea a).6.3.2.2 BelliesCut the test piece, X, 5 in. (127 mm) wideand 7 in. (178 mm) long with one long edge parallel to and 1in. (25.4 mm) from the belly line, DF, in Fig. 1. Locate themiddle of the piece midway between points D and F.6.3.2.3 Double ShouldersCut the test piece, Y, 5by7in.(127 by 178 m
19、m) with a long edge parallel to and 1 in. (25.4mm) from the shoulder line, BE. Locate the middle of the piecebetween B and E.6.3.3 Cut each specimen for test with its long dimensionperpendicular to the backbone line unless otherwise specifiedin the corresponding test method.6.3.4 When several specim
20、ens are required from each piece,cut them in order of their corresponding method, beginning atthe edge nearest the tail. For example, the specimen for stitchtear strength would be cut before that for tensile strength.36.3.5 When cutting specimens for physical tests, areasselected must be free from v
21、isual defects such as cuts,scratches, and other obvious flaws.6.3.6 For chemical tests, use uncontaminated or unalteredremnants or trimmings from physical test pieces for chemicalanalysis. Samples should be prepared in duplicate.6.3.7 For chemical analysis, grind leather remnants fromphysical tests
22、in a cutter mill4with a 4 mm-diameter meshsieve. Before grinding, cut leather sample in pieces of adequatesize of approximately 10 mm square to facilitate grinding. Mixthese pieces well before grinding. Mix ground and sievedleather sample thoroughly and then store at room temperaturein a clean, dry,
23、 and airtight container until used for chemicalanalysis. If ground leather finer than 4 mm is required, regrindthis leather to whatever fineness is needed.7. Keywords7.1 chemical tests; leather; lot; physical tests; sampling; unitASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any pa
24、tent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revisio
25、n at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your com
26、ments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyright
27、ed by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-
28、mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).3Several procedures are suggested by Mann, C. W., Mandel, J., Steel, M. N., andKanagy, J. R. in “Sampling of Side Upper Leather II,” Journal, Am. LeatherChemists Assn., JALCA, Vol 47, 1952, pp. 352370.4The Wiley Mill Standard Model No. 3 has been found most suitable, and isavailable from most laboratory supply houses.in. mm in. mm2 51 7 1785 127 8 203FIG. 1 Location of Test AreaD2813032
