1、Designation: D2816 18Standard Test Method forCashmere Coarse-Hair Content in Cashmere1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2816; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in
2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a sequential procedure fordetermining whether or not the cashmere coarse-hair content ofa sample exceeds a specified val
3、ue.NOTE 1For the maximum allowable cashmere coarse-hair content incashmere, refer to Specification D2817.NOTE 2For the quantitative analysis of cashmere hair and blends ofcashmere hair and other fibers, refer to Test Methods D629.1.2 This test method is applicable only to cashmere hair inthe form of
4、 roving, yarn, or fabric, and to the cashmere haircontent of blends with other fibers, where the expectedcashmere coarse-hair content is not more than five masspercent (see Footnote C of Table 1). For greater expected masspercentages of cashmere coarse-hair, see Test Methods D629.1.3 This standard d
5、oes not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This internati
6、onal standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Commi
7、ttee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD629 Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of TextilesD2130 Test Method for Diameter of Wool and Other AnimalFibers by MicroprojectionD2817 Specification for Maximum Cashmere Coarse-HairContent in Cashmere (Withdra
8、wn 2018)3D4845 Terminology Relating to Wool3. Terminology3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.13, Wool and WoolFelt, refer to Terminology D4845.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this test method:cashmere, cashmere coarse hair, cashmere coarse hair content,cashmere down, cashmere hair.3.2
9、For all other terminology related to textiles, see Termi-nology D123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 One thousand (or more) individual fibers of cashmerehair are examined microscopically and classified either ascashmere down or cashmere coarse-hair on the basis of fiberwidth.4.2 The procedure (7.1 and
10、7.2) for classifying a fiber ascashmere coarse-hair or cashmere requires microscopic exami-nation of fiber segments of fixed length. The number of fibersegments of each width category is proportional to the totallength of the fibers in each category. Hence, the percentage bylength of cashmere coarse
11、-hair in cashmere hair is equal to thepercentage by number of cashmere coarse-hair segments asdetermined by this procedure.4.3 The observed number of cashmere coarse-hair fibers iscompared with the numbers in Table 1 and a decision is made(1) to accept the lot as conforming, (2) to reject the lot as
12、nonconforming, or (3) to continue testing. The counting,classification, and comparison process is continued until adecision can be made as to whether the lot does or does notconform to the specification. Table 1 is based on stated levelsof confidence.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method may b
13、e used for determining compli-ance with a specification for maximum cashmere coarse-haircontent and is required to be used for determining compliancewith Specification D2817.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsiblity of Subcommittee D
14、13.13 on Wool and Felt.Current edition approved July 1, 2018. Published August 2018. Originallyapproved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D2816 05(2009)which was withdrawn January 2018 and reinstated in July 2018. DOI: 10.1520/D2816-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM
15、website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM Internati
16、onal, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guid
17、es and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.15.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences inreported test results when using Test Method D2816 foracceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser andthe supplier should cond
18、uct comparative tests to determine ifthere is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competentstatistical assistance is recommended for the investigation ofbias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of testspecimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that arefrom a lot of m
19、aterial of the type in question. The testspecimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbersto each laboratory for testing. The average results from the twolaboratories should be compared using Students t-test forunpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by thetwo parties befo
20、re the testing is begun. If a bias is found, eitherits cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and thesupplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light ofthe known bias.5.2 When the product being tested has a cashmere coarse-hair content that departs significantly either w
21、ay from thespecified amount, the sequential test procedure describedherein will result in a substantial reduction in the number ofobservations required for a decision at the stated level ofconfidence. On the other hand, when the product being testedhas a cashmere coarse-hair content that approaches
22、the speci-fied amount, the sequential procedure ensures that the neces-sary increased number of observations shall be made to securea correct decision at the stated level of confidence.6. Apparatus6.1 Apparatus is as specified in Test Method D2130.7. Procedure7.1 Proceed as directed in Test Method D
23、2130 with respectto apparatus and materials, sampling and selection ofspecimens, test specimen, calibration of microprojector, andpreparation of slides, positioning and traversing the slide,focusing, and selecting the fibers to be observed and, ifnecessary, measured.7.2 Examine 1000 fibers and recor
24、d the number of fibers thewidth of which exceeds 30 m (classified as cashmere coarse-hair). Measure fibers having widths close to 30 m withparticular care so as to assure correct classification.7.3 In Table 1, refer to the appropriate column for the agreedupon specification. In the row labeled 1000,
25、 two numbers aregiven. The number of cashmere coarse-hair fibers counted in7.2 is either (1) equal to or greater than the larger number, (2)equal to or smaller than the smaller number, or (3) lies betweenthe two numbers.7.3.1 If the observed number is equal to or greater than thelarger number, termi
26、nate the test and report that the sampleexceeds the specification for cashmere coarse-hair content.7.3.2 If the observed number is equal to or smaller than thesmaller number, terminate the test and report that all the sampleconforms to the specification for cashmere coarse-hair content.7.3.3 If the
27、observed number lies between the two numbersin the table, examine an additional 1000 fibers as in 7.2 andrecord the number of fibers classified as cashmere coarse-hair.7.4 Compare the number of cashmere coarse-hair fibersobserved in 2000 observations with the second row of thetable, labeled 2000, in
28、 the column for the applicable specifi-cation. Use the table as directed in 7.3, and continue theexamination of the fibers in groups of 1000 as long asnecessary to reach a decision with respect to conformance ornonconformance to the prescribed specification.7.5 If, after 10 000 fibers have been exam
29、ined, the totalnumber of cashmere coarse-hair fibers found remains betweenTABLE 1 Sequential Accept-Reject Numbers for Selected SpecificationsANumber of Fi-bers CountedSpecification, Length %B0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0ARARARAR A R A R A R A R A R1 000 .C17 . 18 . 19 . 20 . 21 . 22 . 23 . 24
30、 . 252 000 . 19 . 21 . 23 . 25 . 27 . 29 1 31 3 33 5 353 000 . 21 . 24 . 27 0 30 3 33 6 36 9 39 12 42 15 454 000 . 23 . 27 1 31 5 35 9 39 13 43 17 47 21 51 25 555 000 . 25 0 30 5 35 10 40 15 45 20 50 25 55 30 60 35 656 000 . 27 3 33 9 39 15 45 21 51 27 57 33 63 39 69 45 757 000 . 29 6 36 13 43 20 50
31、 27 57 34 64 41 71 48 77 55 858 000 1 31 9 39 17 47 25 55 33 63 41 71 49 79 57 86 65 95900 333124221513060 39 69 48 78 57 87 6 95 75 10510 000 5 35 15 45 25 55 35 65 45 75 55 85 65 95 75 104 85 115AThese accept-reject numbers are based on the following conditions:(1) The probability of accepting a l
32、ot that exceeds the specifications by 10 % or more of the specification percent is 0.05.(2) The probability of rejecting a lot that is 10 % or more of the specification percent below the specification is also 0.05.BExtensive interlaboratory tests have shown that, for the concentration of cashmere co
33、arse-hair covered in Table 1, the relationship between “Specification, LengthPercent” and mass percent of cashmere coarse-hair is approximately linear, as shown in (Eq 1):M 5 3S10.9 (1)where:M = mass percent of cashmere coarse-hair, andS = specified maximum coarse-hair content in length percent (0.2
34、 # S # 1.0).The data from these studies are on file with the Secretary of Subcommittee D13.13, Committee D13 of ASTM.CBlanks correspond to a theoretical number less than zero. No decision to accept can be made until a number of fibers corresponding to the first nonblank entry has beenclassified.D281
35、6 182the limiting numbers, terminate the test. Calculate the percent-age of cashmere coarse-hair fibers and report that the sampleconforms or does not conform to the prescribed cashmerecoarse-hair content specification according to whether thiscalculated percentage is, respectively, less than or mor
36、e thanthe prescribed cashmere coarse-hair specification.NOTE 3A decision based on a test terminated as directed in 7.5 has alower level of confidence than that corresponding to the level ofconfidence on which the calculations of Table 1 are based.8. Report8.1 State that the samples (or specimens) we
37、re tested asdirected in Test Method D2816. Describe the material orproduct sampled and the method of sampling used.8.2 Report the following information:8.2.1 Number of fibers examined,8.2.2 Number of cashmere coarse-hair fibers observed,8.2.3 Maximum cashmere coarse-hair content specified, and8.2.4
38、Whether the lot conforms or does not conform to thecashmere coarse-hair content specification.9. Precision and Bias9.1 The critical values in Table 1 (Note 4) are based on aprobability of 0.05 of accepting a lot having a cashmerecoarse-hair content exceeding the specification by 10 % ormore and a pr
39、obability of 0.05 of rejecting a lot having acashmere coarse-hair content 10 % or more below the specifi-cation. That is, the total probability of making either a Type Ierror or a Type II error is 0.10.NOTE 4The table entries were calculated by the procedure given byMood, A. F., Introduction to the
40、Theory of Statistics, McGraw-Hill BookCo., New York, 1950, pp. 366369, with P0= 0.9 P, P1= 1.1 P, = = 0.05, P = specification for which the table is calculated.9.2 BiasTest Method D2816 for testing the cashmerecoarse-hair content in cashmere has no known bias and isaccepted as a referee method.10. K
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