1、Designation: D2847 14Standard Practice forTesting Engine Coolants in Car and Light Truck Service1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2847; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers an updated procedure for evaluat-ing corrosion protection and performance of an engine coolantin passenger car,
3、light and heavy duty truck service that closelyimitates current vehicle and engine manufacturers practices.NOTE 1Coolant evaluation in vehicle service may require consider-able time and expense; therefore, the product should be pretested in thelaboratory for general acceptability. Typical tests vary
4、 from small, closelycontrolled tests, to large tests where close control is not always practical.The most often referenced protocols for laboratory testing are defined inSpecifications D3306, D6210, D7517, D7518, D7714, and D7715.1.2 The units quoted in this practice are to be regarded asstandard. T
5、he values given in parentheses are approximateequivalents for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and dete
6、rmine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-tionary statements are given in Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1121 Test Method for Reserve Alkalinity of Engine Cool-ants and AntirustsD1287 Test Method for pH of Engine Coolants andAntirustsD280
7、9 Test Method for Cavitation Corrosion and Erosion-Corrosion Characteristics of Aluminum Pumps With En-gine CoolantsD3306 Specification for Glycol Base Engine Coolant forAutomobile and Light-Duty ServiceD3321 Test Method for Use of the Refractometer for FieldTest Determination of the Freezing Point
8、of AqueousEngine CoolantsD4725 Terminology for Engine Coolants and Related FluidsD5827 Test Method for Analysis of Engine Coolant forChloride and Other Anions by Ion ChromatographyD6130 Test Method for Determination of Silicon and OtherElements in Engine Coolant by Inductively CoupledPlasma-Atomic E
9、mission SpectroscopyD6210 Specification for Fully-Formulated Glycol Base En-gine Coolant for Heavy-Duty EnginesD7517 Specification for Fully-Formulated 1,3 Propanediol(PDO) Base Engine Coolant for Heavy-Duty EnginesD7518 Specification for 1,3 Propanediol (PDO) Base EngineCoolant for Automobile and L
10、ight-Duty ServiceD7714 Specification for Glycerin Base Engine Coolant forAutomobile and Light-Duty ServiceD7715 Specification for Fully-Formulated Glycerin BaseEngine Coolant for Heavy-Duty Engines3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsRefer to Terminology D4725.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Test coolant shall be
11、 a new coolant. The coolant is testedat the recommended concentration in an aqueous solution madewith water that complies with the water recommendationpublished in Specifications D3306 and D6210. A minimum offive test vehicles per coolant are required, ten arerecommended, but this number may be adju
12、sted by agreementbetween customer and supplier. The test vehicles shall havebeen in service less than 3 months, 3000 miles, or 500operating hours.Alternate specific requirements may always beagreed between customer and supplier. Customer and suppliermay also choose to follow requirements published i
13、n OriginalEngine Manufacturer (OEM) specifications. The cooling sys-tem components and coolant are inspected according to aprescribed schedule to provide the basis for coolant perfor-mance evaluation.4.2 A detailed cleaning and conditioning procedure is es-sential to obtain statistically significant
14、 and reproducible re-sults.5. Significance and Use5.1 The data obtained from the use of this practice willprovide a basis for the evaluation of coolant performance in1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D15 on EngineCoolants and Related Fluids and is the direct responsibility o
15、f SubcommitteeD15.10 on Dynamometer and Road Tests.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014. Published January 2015. Originallyapproved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D2847 07(2012).DOI: 10.1520/D2847-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact
16、 ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1passenger car. light and h
17、eavy duty truck service (according tothe test vehicles chosen). The data obtained may also be usedto provide added significance to the data obtained fromsimulated service and engine dynamometer tests.6. Apparatus6.1 Test VehiclesIn selecting vehicles, refer to OEMrecommendations. Consideration shoul
18、d be given to the currentrange of cooling system designs and materials. Engines speci-fied should be reasonably available for the test, which is to sayof current production design and materials. A matrix includingevery possible variable combination of such features is notrequired.7. Safety Precautio
19、ns7.1 All coolant concentrates and their solutions should beconsidered harmful or fatal if swallowed.7.2 (WarningDo not remove pressure caps from systemswhen the engine is hot.)7.3 All installations shall be made with the engine cooled toambient air temperature to avoid burns.7.4 Disconnect the hot
20、(positive) battery lead to prevent theengine from starting to avoid hand injury by drive belts or fanblades.7.5 The engine exhaust should be vented when the engine isrun indoors at normal temperatures to check for cooling systemleaks.8. Sampling8.1 Coolant samples may be removed from the test vehicl
21、eby any convenient means, such as a bulb and pipette. The100-mL (3.5 oz) coolant samples are kept in polyethylenebottles equipped with screw caps and suitable labels. A reservesupply of pre-mixed coolant is used to replace the coolantsamples. Coolant added to the system for any reason isrecorded in
22、the test vehicle log.9. Preparation of Apparatus9.1 Obtain an initial sample of the coolant for laboratoryanalysis. This is the “0” miles sample. Record the odometerreading, date and time of initial sampling. Record other data asagreed between customer and supplier. Follow OEM or manualinstruction,
23、or both, for deaeration to ensure engine is properlydeaerated at start of the field test.9.2 Label the radiator and expansion reservoir fill capsconspicuously to show a coolant test is being conducted, andinclude instructions with whom to contact in case coolantadditions are needed or other problems
24、 occur.10. Procedure10.1 Test the coolant being evaluated in a minimum of fivevehicles at the recommended concentration (typically 50 %antifreeze and 50 % water as recommended in SpecificationsD3306, D6210 but may be adjusted as agreed between cus-tomer and supplier).10.2 Vehicle operating condition
25、s may vary considerably inany test fleet. Record the type of service for each vehicle.Mileage accumulation rates may vary considerably. Therefore,the recommended inspections in 10.5 may be difficult toschedule. Alternative inspection and sampling schedules maybe developed as agreed between customer
26、and supplier.10.3 All tests to determine the necessity of adding SCA oran extender should be logged as well as the addition of theSCA or an extender. Field testing can be done by using TestStrips.10.4 Use water that complies with Specifications D3306,D6210 to dilute the antifreeze (field testing can
27、 be done withwater quality test strips), and blend the test coolant. Additionsto the cooling system during the test should be the prescribedmixture of 50 % coolant meeting Specifications D3306,D6210, and volumes added shall be recorded in the vehicle testlog.TABLE 1 Periodic InspectionsOccurrence Op
28、erational SequenceInitial 15 to 30 min and 10 h or 800 km (500 miles),Light also, any visible corrosion, erosion, or cavita-tion damage of the coolant pump and coolant outlet.12.3.3 Report and plot behavior of additive concentrationsplots time or miles.12.3.4 Calculate and report percent of additive
29、 depleted,correcting for additions of coolant during the test period.12.4 Cleaning ProcedureThe exact cleaning procedure ofany components shall be described.13. Keywords13.1 antifreeze; coolant evaluation; metal corrosion; vehicleserviceAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. NOTES ON THE DEVELOPMENT,
30、 SIGNIFICANCE, INTERPRETATION, REPEATABILITY, AND REPRODUCIBILITYOF THE PRACTICE FOR THE EVALUATION OF COOLANTS IN VEHICLE SERVICEX1.1 Historical BackgroundX1.1.1 This practice is representative of the basic proce-dures used by major producers and users of automotivecoolant. Evolutionary improvement
31、s in technology, apparatusdesign, and the basic concept of testing coolants have resultedin the publication of this practice. The concentrated andcooperative efforts of Committee D15 have for many yearsused extensive coolant vehicle test data for the development ofuseful and significant laboratory a
32、nd simulated service testmethods. These laboratory methods are widely used, by pro-ducers and users, as quality control and specification tests. In1962, it was agreed that a study group should be formed for thespecific purpose of developing a recommended practice, ormethod, for the evaluation of aut
33、omotive coolants in vehicleservice. The method developed was to be useful and practicalto those concerned with the development, selling, purchasing,and use of antifreeze and automotive coolants. Thisdevelopment, therefore, involved the selection of the mostD2847 143important testing parameters for i
34、nclusion in the test method.The members of the study group on vehicle testing believedthey had accomplished these objectives. In 1982, it wasdecided to update this practice, D2847, and to incorporate avery significant cleaning and conditioning procedure recom-mended by a member. In 2013 the method w
35、as again dramati-cally revised to represent the methods practiced in the 21stcentury, particularly useful for evaluating extended servicecoolant formulations.X1.2 SignificanceX1.2.1 The severity of this test is justifiable because it isdesigned to distinguish between coolants that are deficient,adeq
36、uate, or superior. The use of “recommended coolantconcentrations” allows for variations in antifreeze formulationsand mixtures that may be appropriate in different climates andglobal operating environments. Procedures are necessarilyflexible to provide meaningful determinations as defined byagreemen
37、t between customers and suppliers. It is noted thatthis is a test method only, and no “pass/fail” parameters existfor Practice D2847. Given the open nature and variabilityprovided for in this method, it would be grossly inappropriatefor any entity to make a statement or claim such as “passesPractice
38、 D2847.”X1.3 Interpretation of ResultsX1.3.1 When a coolant is evaluated by this practice, the testresults will provide an evaluation of corrosion protection andcoolant performance in the vehicles tested. The conclusionsderived from the evaluation are expected to confirm thepreliminary conclusions d
39、erived from pretesting the coolant inlaboratory simulated service tests. Simulated service in enginedynamometer tests usually provides good correlation with fieldservice data, provided the same test parameters are used. It maybe expected that vehicle service will encounter a widervariation in test r
40、esults for a given set of test conditions due tothe increased number of variables.X1.3.2 Where corrosion is uniform, the corrosion data willbe more easily interpreted if expressed as inches of metalpenetration. The investigator can then consider the percentagedecrease in the as-manufactured metal th
41、ickness. Consider-ation of the reduction in metal thickness is particularly signifi-cant when the original metal thickness is about 0.0045 in. (0.1mm), such as in the radiator.X1.3.3 The type and nature of corrosion product accumu-lating on heat-transfer surfaces of the cooling system shouldalso be
42、given due consideration. The fouling of heat transfersurfaces with substantial corrosion deposits can result in enginemalfunctions. Therefore, the coolant investigator is advised togive sufficient consideration to both the tabulated data and thedetailed observation of the engine components.X1.3.4 Va
43、rious published ASTM analytical methods areuseful in monitoring depletion of inhibitors.X1.3.5 When the accumulated data indicate that a givencoolant property has reached an unsatisfactory condition, aWeibull plot of the failures may aid in the interpretation of thedata. Thus the data may be useful
44、in predicting failure rates. atany selected time.X1.4 Accuracy, Precision, Repeatability, and Reproduc-ibilityX1.4.1 The objective of this practice is to provide a proce-dure for testing the corrosion protection and performance of anengine coolant in vehicle service. Because of the many testvariable
45、s involved and the random nature of corrosion data, itis difficult to assess the repeatability and reproducibility ofresults. However, this practice should distinguish betweencoolants that are adequate, within the range of service stressincorporated into the test program, and those that are deficien
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