1、Designation: D 2862 97 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Test Method forParticle Size Distribution of Granular Activated Carbon1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2862; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the
3、determination of the particlesize distribution of granular activated carbon. For the purposesof this test, granular activated carbon is defined as a minimumof 90 % of the sample weight being retained on a 180-mStandard sieve.AU.S. mesh 80 sieve is equivalent to a 180mStandard sieve.NOTE 1For extrude
4、d carbons, as the length/diameter ratio of theparticles increases, the validity of the test results might be affected.1.2 The data obtained may also be used to calculate meanparticle diameter (MPD), effective size, and uniformity coef-ficient.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thes
5、afety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 2652 Terminology Relating t
6、o Activated CarbonD 2854 Test Method for Apparent Density of ActivatedCarbonE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth andTest SievesE 300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals3. Summary of Test Method3.1 A known weight of granular activated carbon is placedon the top sieve of a stacked
7、set of U.S. Standard sieves andshaken under standard conditions for a specific time period,after which the weight percent of the total retained on eachsieve and bottom pan is determined.4. Significance and Use4.1 It is necessary to know the distribution of particle sizesof granular activated carbon
8、in order to provide proper contactof gases or liquid in a packed bed of the material. Changes inparticle size distribution can affect the pressure drop across thebed and the rate of adsorption in a bed of a given size.4.2 Mean particle diameter is a property of activated car-bons that influences pre
9、ssure drop.4.3 Effective size and uniformity coefficient are two prop-erties of activated carbons often of interest in municipal watertreatment applications where control of particle size is ofinterest.5. Apparatus5.1 Mechanical Sieve Shaker3This is a mechanicallyoperated sieve shaker that imparts a
10、 uniform rotating andtapping motion to a stack of 8-in. (203-mm or equivalent)sieves as described in 5.2. The sieve shaker should be adjustedto accommodate the desired number of sieves, receiver pan,and sieve cover. The bottom stops should be adjusted to give aclearance of approximately116 in. (1.5
11、mm) between the uppercarrying plate stops and the sieve cover plate, so that the sieveswill be free to rotate. The sieve shaker shall be powered with14-hp (186-W) electric motor producing 1725 to 1750 rpm. Thesieve shaker should produce 140 to 160 raps per minute withthe striker arm and 280 to 320 r
12、otating motions per minute ofthe sieve stack. The cover plate shall be fitted with a corkstopper that shall extend14 618 in. (6.35 6 3.18 mm) abovethe metal recess. At no time shall any material other than corkbe permitted.5.2 SievesU.S. Standard sieves or equivalent conformingto Specification E11.
13、The sieves shall be either 2 in. (51 mm)(full height) or 1 in. (25 mm.) (half height) in height, and 8 in.(203 mm or equivalent) in diameter.5.3 Bottom Receiver Pan and Top Sieve Cover.5.4 Interval Timer, adjustable, with an accuracy of 610 s.5.5 Sample Splitter, single-stage riffle type.1This test
14、method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D28 onActivated Carbon and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D28.04 on GasPhase Evaluation Tests.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009. Published September 2009. Originallyapproved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 286
15、2 97 (2004).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The Tyler Ro-Tap Model RX-19-1 has been used in
16、developing this test. Newermodels may not produce the same separations (Model RX-19-2 is equivalent toModel RX-19-1). This model is available from Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA15238.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States
17、.5.6 Balance, with a sensitivity of 0.1 g.5.7 Soft Brass Wire Brush.45.8 Cylinder, glass, graduated, 250-mL capacity.5.9 Equivalent ApparatusNewer technology may producedevices that can perform an equivalent function to the me-chanical sieve shaker described in 5.1, for which this methodwas original
18、ly developed (Tyler model RX-191 or 2). In thecase of newer devices being used, the tester should validate theequivalency of the newer device to that of the ASTM standardtester (or its successors, for example, Tyler model RX-29) andretain the capability to cross check the results of particle sizedis
19、tribution analysis between the mechanical device describedabove and any newer sieving system.6. Sampling6.1 Collect and prepare the granular activated carbonsamples in accordance with Practice E 300.7. Procedure7.1 Stack the sieves to be used on the bottom receiver pan inorder of increasing sieve op
20、ening from bottom to top.7.2 Prepare a sample of activated carbon as follows:7.2.1 Mix the gross sample, obtained by Practice E 300,bypassing it through a single-stage riffle type sample splitter andrecombining twice. Then pass the mixed sample through theriffle so as to obtain an approximate 250-mL
21、 of sample.7.2.2 Using the apparent density apparatus described in TestMethod D 2854, obtain a test sample of 200 mL from eachsample. If the apparent density is less than 0.35 g/cc, a 50 gsample will be adequate, greater than 0.35 g/cc, use a samplenot to exceed 100 g. In all cases, volume of the sa
22、mple shouldnot exceed 200 ml.NOTE 2If the apparent density of the sample has been determined, acalculated weight of sample equivalent to 200 6 10 mL may be used foreach of the riffled samples.7.2.3 Weigh each sample to the nearest 0.1 g.7.3 . Transfer the weighed sample to the top sieve.7.4 Install
23、the sieve cover and transfer the assembly to thesieve shaker.7.5 Allow the sieve assembly to shake for 10 min 6 10 swith the hammer operating.7.6 Remove the sieve assembly from the sieve shaker andquantitatively transfer, using the sieve brush, the activated4W. S. Tyler Model 1778-S.B. or equivalent
24、 has been found satisfactory.FIG. 1 Cumulative Particle Size Distribution CurveD 2862 97 (2009)2carbon retained on the top sieve to a tared weighing pan andweigh to the nearest 0.1 g. Repeat this procedure for materialretained on each sieve and the bottom receiver pan.7.7 Repeat the analysis if desi
25、red. Use the repeatabilitytolerances listed in 10.1 as a guide for precision and bias.8. Calculation8.1 Add the weights of each sieve fraction; if the sumdeviates more than 2.0 g from the sample weight, the analysesshould be repeated.8.2 Calculate the particle size distribution of each sample tothe
26、nearest 0.1 % and the average of the two samples to thenearest 0.1 % as follows:R 5 F/S! 3 100where:F = sieve fraction weight,S = sum of sieve fraction weights, andR = percent retained on each fraction.8.3 If effective mean particle diameter is of interest, it maybe calculated from the following equ
27、ation by using the percentretained in each sieve fraction from the particle size distribu-tion analysis. See Table 1.P 5 R 3 NEffective MPD mm!5(P100where:R = percent retained in a sieve fraction,N = factor for a given sieve fraction (Table1),P = effective mean particle size of a givensieve fraction
28、, andEffective MPD = effective mean particle diameter of thesample.8.3.1 See Table 2 for an example of effective MPD calcu-lation.8.4 If effective size and uniformity coefficient are of inter-est, they may be calculated as shown in Table 3 from thecumulative total of the percent passing through each
29、 sieve.8.4.1 Plot the cumulative percentages of the particle sizeversus the size of the sieve openings in millimeters onprobabilitylogarithmic graph paper (see Fig. 1). The sieve sizeopenings can be obtained from Specification E11. See Table 1.8.4.2 Determine the effective size by reading the screen
30、 sizeopening in mm corresponding to the point where the curveintersects the 10 % passing value. See Fig. 1.8.4.3 Calculate the uniformity coefficient by reading thescreen size opening in millimetres corresponding to the pointwhere the curve intersects the 60 % passing value and dividingthis value by
31、 the effective size value from 8.4.2, for example:uniformity coefficient 5value mm! 60 % intersectionvalue mm! 10 % intersectionNOTE 3The lower the uniformity coefficient value, the more uniformthe granular activated carbon. If all the particles were exactly the samesize, the uniformity coefficient
32、would be 1.9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 Source of the sample,9.1.2 Type or grade designation,9.1.3 Name of the carbon supplier,TABLE 1 Factors for Calculating the Effective Mean ParticleDiameterU.S.S.Sieve No.Mean Opening,(N) mmU.S.S.Sieve No.Mean Opening,(N) mm+4 5.74 20 3 30
33、 0.724 3 6 4.06 25 3 30 0.654 3 8 3.57 30 3 35 0.556 3 8 2.87 30 3 40 0.518 3 10 2.19 35 3 40 0.468 3 12 2.03 40 3 45 0.3910 3 12 1.84 40 3 50 0.3612 3 14 1.55 45 3 50 0.3312 3 16 1.44 50 3 60 0.2714 3 16 1.30 50 3 70 0.2516 3 18 1.10 60 3 70 0.2316 3 20 1.02 70 3 80 0.1918 3 20 0.92 70 3 100 0.1820
34、 3 25 0.78 80 3 100 0.16TABLE 2 Example of Effective MPD Calculation Using 8 3 30Mesh MaterialABU.S.S.Sieve No.PercentRetainedMean Opening(mm)WeightedAverage+8 8.0 2.87 23.08 3 12 31.4 2.03 63.712 3 16 27.2 1.44 39.216 3 20 21.5 1.02 21.920 3 30 9.1 0.72 6.62.8 0.51 1.4100.0 155.8AEffective MPD mm!5
35、155.81005 1.558BThe mean particle size of each sieve fraction is assumed to be the average ofthe sieve opening in millimetres through which the material has passed and thesieve opening in millimetres on which the material was retained. In the case ofparticles larger than those measured, the mean par
36、ticle size of this fraction isassumed to be the average of the opening of the sieve actually used and that ofthe next larger sieve in the =2 series. In the case of particles smaller than theopening of the smallest sieve, the mean particle size of this fraction is assumed tobe the average of the open
37、ing of the smallest sieve and that of the next smallersieve in the =2 series. See Table 1 for lists of the mean opening in millimetres forvarious sieve fractions.TABLE 3 Effective Size and Uniformity CoefficientU.S.S.Sieve No.Opening(mm)PercentRetainedOn SieveCumulative PercentPassing throughSieve8
38、2.36 8.0 92.012 1.70 31.4 60.616 1.18 27.2 33.420 0.85 21.5 11.930 0.60 9.1 2.830 . . . 2.8 0.0D 2862 97 (2009)39.1.4 Supplier lot or batch number, or both,9.1.5 Nominal particle size,9.1.6 Particle size distribution,9.1.7 Report the weight of sample tested,9.1.8 Effective mean particle diameter (op
39、tional),9.1.9 Effective size (optional),9.1.10 Uniformity coefficient (optional),9.1.11 Name of the agency and technician performing thetest, and9.1.12 Sample identification number and date of the test.10. Precision and Bias10.1 RepeatabilityDuplicate analyses by the same opera-tor should not be con
40、sidered suspect unless they differ by morethan the amounts shown as follows:Repeatability TolerancesTotal Weight on Sieve, g Maximum Deviation, g1 or less 0.21to5 0.55to10 1.010 to 100 2.010.2 ReproducibilityResults submitted by each of twolaboratories shall not be considered suspect unless they dif
41、ferby more than the amounts shown as follows:Repeatability TolerancesTotal Weight on Sieve, g Maximum Deviation, g1 or less 0.31to5 0.75to10 1.510 to 100 3.0NOTE 4The repeatability and reproducibility in Section 10 weredetermined under the conditions of the initial standard. The currentrevisions rep
42、eatability and reproducibility may not necessarily be thesame. The precision and bias of this revised test method will beinvestigated.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standa
43、rd are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif
44、 not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, whi
45、ch you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 2862 97 (2009)4
