1、Designation: D2978 15Standard Test Methods forVolume of Processed Peat Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2978; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in pare
2、ntheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of thevolume of loose and baled processed peat expressed as cubicfeet and is used as a quality control meas
3、urement to determineif the package contains the labeled amount of material. Theresults of these test methods are highly dependent on theexperience of the personnel running the procedure.1.2 There are two test methods, Method A for Loose Peatand Method B for Baled Peat. Method A is used when themater
4、ial is uncompacted and Method B is used when thematerial is compacted.1.3 UnitsThe values stated in inch-pound units are to beregarded as standard. Except, that the sieve designations aretypically identified using the “alternative” system in accor-dance with Practice E11, such as 3-in. and No. 200,
5、instead ofthe “standard” of 75-mm and 75-m, respectively.1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D6026.1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are rega
6、rded as theindustry standard. In addition, they are representative of thesignificant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-dures used do not consider material variation, purpose forobtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-ations for the users objectives; and it is c
7、ommon practice toincrease or reduce significant digits of reported data to becommensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scopeof this standard to consider significant digits used in analysismethods for engineering design.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety con
8、cerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Roc
9、k, and ContainedFluidsD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in GeotechnicalDataE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSieves
10、3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of common technical terms in thisstandard, refer to Terminology D653.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 loose peat, nuncompacted peat in air-dried, granu-lated or crumb form.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 These test methods cons
11、ist of either measuring the outerdimensions of compacted peat (Method B) or dividing theparticles of uncompacted peat (Method A) by passing themthrough a12-in. (12.5-mm) sieve and allowing them to fall intoa volume-measuring container.5. Significance and Use5.1 These test methods are used to quantif
12、y the volume ofpeats under consideration in commercial transactions to deter-mine if the package contains the labeled quantity. As such,material comes into the test area in an “as sold” condition.NOTE 1The quality of the result produced by this standard isdependent on the competence of the personnel
13、 performing it, and thesuitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet thecriteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competentand objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard arecautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in it
14、self ensurereliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D37401This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.22 on Soil as a Mediumfor Plant Growth.Current edition approved May 1, 2015. Publi
15、shed June 2015. Originallyapproved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D2978 03(2010).DOI: 10.1520/D2978-15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, re
16、fer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.6. App
17、aratus6.1 Sieve,12-in. (12.5-mm), conforming to SpecificationE11.6.2 Measuring ContainerAsteel or wood bound containerwith metal having one of the following sets of inside dimen-sions:Size (ft3) Measuring Container Dimensions(WLH)12 12 12 12 in. with line scribed at6 in. from the bottom34 12 12 12 i
18、n. with line scribed at9 in. from the bottom1 121212in.2 161613.5in.5 161633.75in.6.3 Straight EdgeAt least 20 inches (50.8 cm) in length6.4 Dimension Measuring DeviceAtape measure, ruler, orsimilar device with sufficient capacity to measure, withoutestimation, the baled peat and readable to 1 in. o
19、r better.7. Procedure7.1 Select the measuring container most closely correspond-ing to the amount of volume the label states is contained in thepackage.7.2 For either method, use all of the material in the packagefor testing.7.3 The volume of the material can only be determinedonce.7.4 Method A: Loo
20、se Peat:7.4.1 Place the12-in. (12.5-mm) sieve on top of the selectedmeasuring container.7.4.2 Open the package and from a height of 2 ft over thesieve and measuring container, pour the contents over the sieveand into the measuring container.7.4.3 The corners of the measuring container shall be wellf
21、illed by shaking with a rotary motion at one rotation persecond for five seconds without lifting the box from the flooror other surface. When filled and if necessary, level themeasuring container off using the straightedge. Measure andrecord the volume to the nearest 1 ft3.7.5 Method B: Baled Peat:7
22、.5.1 Measure and record the width, length, and height ofthe bale to the nearest 1 in. Measurements shall be correctedfor the outside wrappers if the wrappers are thicker than34 in.7.5.2 Determine the volume of the baled peat by multiply-ing the width, length, and height (W L H) and record thevolume
23、to the nearest 1 ft3.7.5.3 Determine the amount of loose peat in the bale usingthe 1-ft3measuring container and following the procedure inMethod A. Measure and record the volume to the nearest 1 ft3.8. Report: Test Data Sheet(s)/Form(s)8.1 The methodology used to specify how data are recordedon the
24、test data sheet(s)/form(s), is given below, is covered in1.4.8.2 Record as a minimum the following general information(data):8.2.1 Sample identification information, such as, descriptionand manufacturer of the peat.8.2.2 Any special selection and preparation process, specifi-cally recording the amou
25、nt of material retained by the12-in.(12.5-mm) sieve.8.2.3 Technician name or initials, method used (Aor B), anddate of testing.8.3 Record as a minimum the following test specimen data:8.3.1 The labeled quantity of the as-received sample.8.3.2 Sample as-received condition: loose or baled.8.3.3 The si
26、ze of the measuring container used.8.3.4 The measured volume of the sample for either method8.3.5 The volume determined from measured dimensionsfor Method B.8.3.6 The width, length, and height of the baled peat and anyoutside wrapper correction for Method B.9. Precision and Bias9.1 PrecisionTest dat
27、a on precision is not presented due tothe nature of materials tested. It is either not feasible or toocostly at this time to have ten or more laboratories participatein a round-robin testing program. Also, it is not feasible or toocostly to produce multiple specimens that have uniform physi-cal prop
28、erties. Any variation observed in the data is just aslikely to be due to specimen variation as to operator orlaboratory testing variation.9.1.1 Subcommittee D18.22 is seeking any data from theusers of this test method that might be used to make a limitedstatement on precision.9.2 BiasThere is no acc
29、epted reference value for this testmethod, therefore, bias cannot be determined.10. Keywords10.1 peat; volume; volume measurementD2978 152SUMMARY OF CHANGESIn accordance with Committee D18 policy, this section identifies the location of changes to this standard sincethe last edition (2003(2010) that
30、 may impact the use of this standard.(1) Added Practice D6026 to Section 2 on referenced docu-ments.(2) Updated footnotes dealing with responsible subcommittee.(3) Added units definition to the Scope.(4) Changed title from Method to Methods and re-organizedthe Procedure section to account for the tw
31、o methods.(5) Added Section 3 on terminology.(6) Revised Section 8 to include items to record.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determinat
32、ion of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withd
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35、e or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 153
