1、Designation: D2978 151Standard Test Methods forVolume of Processed Peat Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2978; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in par
2、entheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorially updated units of measurement statement in April 2018.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of thevolume of loose and baled proc
3、essed peat expressed as cubicfeet and is used as a quality control measurement to determineif the package contains the labeled amount of material. Theresults of these test methods are highly dependent on theexperience of the personnel running the procedure.1.2 There are two test methods, Method A fo
4、r Loose Peatand Method B for Baled Peat. Method A is used when thematerial is uncompacted and Method B is used when thematerial is compacted.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses after inch-poundunits are provided for information onl
5、y and are not consideredstandard. Except, that the sieve designations are typicallyidentified using the “alternative” system in accordance withPractice E11, such as 3-in. and No. 200, instead of the“standard” of 75-mm and 75-m, respectively.1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
6、guidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D6026.1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as theindustry standard. In addition, they are representative of thesignificant digits that generally should be
7、 retained. The proce-dures used do not consider material variation, purpose forobtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-ations for the users objectives; and it is common practice toincrease or reduce significant digits of reported data to becommensurate with these considerations.
8、 It is beyond the scopeof this standard to consider significant digits used in analysismethods for engineering design.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-pria
9、te safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopm
10、ent of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEng
11、aged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in GeotechnicalDataE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSieves3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of common technical terms
12、 in thisstandard, refer to Terminology D653.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 loose peat, nuncompacted peat in air-dried, granu-lated or crumb form.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 These test methods consist of either measuring the outerdimensions of compacted peat (Method B) or d
13、ividing theparticles of uncompacted peat (Method A) by passing themthrough a12-in. (12.5-mm) sieve and allowing them to fall intoa volume-measuring container.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.22 on Me
14、dia for PlantGrowth.Current edition approved May 1, 2015. Published June 2015. Originallyapproved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D2978 03(2010).DOI: 10.1520/D2978-15E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at servic
15、eastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United
16、StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to
17、 Trade (TBT) Committee.15. Significance and Use5.1 These test methods are used to quantify the volume ofpeats under consideration in commercial transactions to deter-mine if the package contains the labeled quantity. As such,material comes into the test area in an “as sold” condition.NOTE 1The quali
18、ty of the result produced by this standard isdependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and thesuitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet thecriteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competentand objective testing/sampling/inspection/et
19、c. Users of this standard arecautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensurereliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.6. Apparatus6.1 Sieve,12-in. (12.5-mm), conforming to SpecificationE11.6.2
20、 Measuring ContainerAsteel or wood bound containerwith metal having one of the following sets of inside dimen-sions:Size (ft3) Measuring Container Dimensions(WLH)12 12 12 12 in. with line scribed at6 in. from the bottom34 12 12 12 in. with line scribed at9 in. from the bottom1 121212in.2 161613.5in.
21、5 161633.75in.6.3 Straight EdgeAt least 20 inches (50.8 cm) in length6.4 Dimension Measuring DeviceAtape measure, ruler, orsimilar device with sufficient capacity to measure, withoutestimation, the baled peat and readable to 1 in. or better.7. Procedure7.1 Select the measuring container most closely
22、 correspond-ing to the amount of volume the label states is contained in thepackage.7.2 For either method, use all of the material in the packagefor testing.7.3 The volume of the material can only be determinedonce.7.4 Method A: Loose Peat:7.4.1 Place the12-in. (12.5-mm) sieve on top of the selected
23、measuring container.7.4.2 Open the package and from a height of 2 ft over thesieve and measuring container, pour the contents over the sieveand into the measuring container.7.4.3 The corners of the measuring container shall be wellfilled by shaking with a rotary motion at one rotation persecond for
24、five seconds without lifting the box from the flooror other surface. When filled and if necessary, level themeasuring container off using the straightedge. Measure andrecord the volume to the nearest 1 ft3.7.5 Method B: Baled Peat:7.5.1 Measure and record the width, length, and height ofthe bale to
25、the nearest 1 in. Measurements shall be correctedfor the outside wrappers if the wrappers are thicker than34 in.7.5.2 Determine the volume of the baled peat by multiply-ing the width, length, and height (W L H) and record thevolume to the nearest 1 ft3.7.5.3 Determine the amount of loose peat in the
26、 bale usingthe 1-ft3measuring container and following the procedure inMethod A. Measure and record the volume to the nearest 1 ft3.8. Report: Test Data Sheet(s)/Form(s)8.1 The methodology used to specify how data are recordedon the test data sheet(s)/form(s), is given below, is covered in1.4.8.2 Rec
27、ord as a minimum the following general information(data):8.2.1 Sample identification information, such as, descriptionand manufacturer of the peat.8.2.2 Any special selection and preparation process, specifi-cally recording the amount of material retained by the12-in.(12.5-mm) sieve.8.2.3 Technician
28、 name or initials, method used (Aor B), anddate of testing.8.3 Record as a minimum the following test specimen data:8.3.1 The labeled quantity of the as-received sample.8.3.2 Sample as-received condition: loose or baled.8.3.3 The size of the measuring container used.8.3.4 The measured volume of the
29、sample for either method8.3.5 The volume determined from measured dimensionsfor Method B.8.3.6 The width, length, and height of the baled peat and anyoutside wrapper correction for Method B.9. Precision and Bias9.1 PrecisionTest data on precision is not presented due tothe nature of materials tested
30、. It is either not feasible or toocostly at this time to have ten or more laboratories participatein a round-robin testing program. Also, it is not feasible or toocostly to produce multiple specimens that have uniform physi-cal properties. Any variation observed in the data is just aslikely to be du
31、e to specimen variation as to operator orlaboratory testing variation.9.1.1 Subcommittee D18.22 is seeking any data from theusers of this test method that might be used to make a limitedstatement on precision.9.2 BiasThere is no accepted reference value for this testmethod, therefore, bias cannot be
32、 determined.10. Keywords10.1 peat; volume; volume measurementD2978 1512SUMMARY OF CHANGESIn accordance with Committee D18 policy, this section identifies the location of changes to this standard sincethe last edition (2003(2010) that may impact the use of this standard.(1) Added Practice D6026 to Se
33、ction 2 on referenced docu-ments.(2) Updated footnotes dealing with responsible subcommittee.(3) Added units definition to the Scope.(4) Changed title from Method to Methods and re-organizedthe Procedure section to account for the two methods.(5) Added Section 3 on terminology.(6) Revised Section 8
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