1、Designation: D 3163 01Standard Test Method forDetermining Strength of Adhesively Bonded Rigid PlasticLap-Shear Joints in Shear by Tension Loading1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3163; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in
2、 the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is intended to complement Test MethodD 1002 and extend its applic
3、ation to single-lap shear adhesivejoints of rigid plastic adherends. The test method is useful forgenerating comparative shear strength data for joints madefrom a number of plastics. It can also provide a means bywhich several plastic surface treatments can be compared.1.2 The values stated in SI un
4、its are to be regarded as thestandard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practic
5、es and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 907 Terminology of Adhesives2D 1002 Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Ten-sion Loading (Metal-to-Metal)2D 2093 Practic
6、e for Preparation of Surfaces of Plastics Priorto Adhesive Bonding2D 4896 Guide for Use of Adhesive-Bonded Single Lap-Joint Specimen Test Results23. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsMany of the terms used in this test methodare defined in Terminology D 907.4. Significance and Use4.1 Due to the increased us
7、e of adhesive-bonded plastics asa result of the inherent advantages afforded by bonded ratherthan mechanically fastened joints, particularly the alleviationof stress raisers and stress cracking, there is a need for standardtests by which joints of various plastic substrates and adhesivescan be compa
8、red. This test method is intended to meet such aneed.4.2 This test method is limited to test temperatures belowthe softening point of the subject adherends, and is notintended for use on anisotropic adherends such as reinforcedplastic laminates.4.3 The misuse of strength values obtained from this te
9、stmethod as allowable design-stress values for structural jointscould lead to product failure, property damage, and humaninjury. The apparent shear strength of an adhesive obtainedfrom a given small single-lap specimen may differ from thatobtained from a joint made with different adherends or by adi
10、fferent bonding process. The normal variation of temperatureand moisture in the service environment causes the adherendsand the adhesive to swell and shrink. The adherends andadhesive are likely to have different thermal and moisturecoefficients of expansion. Even in small specimens, short-termenvir
11、onmental changes can induce internal stresses or chemicalchanges in the adhesive that permanently affect the apparentstrength and other mechanical properties of the adhesive. Theproblem of predicting joint behavior in a changing environ-ment is even more difficult if a different type of adherend isu
12、sed in a larger structural joint than was used in the smallspecimen.4.3.1 The apparent shear strength measured with a single-lap specimen is not suitable for determining allowable designstresses for designing structural joints that differ in any mannerfrom the joints tested without thorough analysis
13、 and under-standing of the joint and adhesive behaviors.4.3.2 Single-lap tests may be used for comparing andselecting adhesives or bonding processes for susceptibility tofatigue and environmental changes, but such comparisons mustbe made with great caution since different adhesives mayrespond differ
14、ently in different joints. See Guide D 4896 forfurther discussion of the concepts relative to interpretation ofadhesive bonded single-lap joints.5. Apparatus5.1 Testing Machine, conforming to the requirements of andhaving the capabilities of the machine prescribed in TestMethod D 1002. The grips are
15、 self-aligning and capable ofsecurely grasping the specimen throughout the test, withoutallowing the specimen to slip.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 onAdhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.40 on Adhesives forPlastics.Current edition approve
16、d March 10, 2001. Published May 2001. Originallypublished as D 3163 73. Last previous edition D 3163 96.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.06.1Copyright ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2 Temperature-Controlling Equipment, capable of main-taining the
17、 test temperature to 63C (65F). If ambientlaboratory conditions are employed the same degree of controlis required.6. Test Specimen6.1 Make specimens that conform to the form and dimen-sions set forth in Test Method D 1002 where possible. How-ever, due to the low yield points in plastics compared wi
18、ththose of metals, it may not always be feasible to limit testspecimen geometry to that called for in Test Method D 1002.Therefore adherend thicknesses and joint overlaps must bechosen so that failure occurs preferentially in the joint and notin the substrate. Thicker adherends allow the stress on t
19、hebonded area to be increased, before either tensile failure oryield occurs in the adherend. Recognize, however, that depend-ing on the surface treatment and adhesive used, the bondstrength may often be greater than the tensile yield strength ofthe adherend. Use data collected by this test method on
20、ly forcomparative purposes when the investigator is certain that thespecimen configurations and joint geometries of the specimensbeing compared are identical.6.2 The surface preparation used on the adherend dependson the subject plastic adherend. Procedures such as thoserecommended in Practice D 209
21、3 serve as a useful guide.6.3 Apply the adhesives in accordance with the manufac-turers recommendations. Choose adhesives such that the curetemperature does not adversely affect the mechanical proper-ties of the adherends.6.4 Cut test specimens from the bonded panels pictured inFig. 1. Cut the speci
22、mens without overheating or otherwisephysically damaging the adherend or bonded interface. Indi-vidual specimens may also be prepared if desired.7. Procedure7.1 Place the specimens in the grips of the testing machineso that the applied load coincides with the long axis of the testspecimen. Load the
23、specimen to failure at a rate of 8.3 to 9.7MPa (1200 to 1400 psi) of shear area per minute (approxi-mately 0.05 in./min cross head speed).7.2 Condition specimens for definite periods of time underspecified conditions before testing if desired. After condition-ing, it is recommended that all specimen
24、s be stabilized in thetest environment for 1 h before testing.8. Calculation8.1 Calculate the bond area to the nearest 0.06/cm2(0.01in.2). Record both load at failure and type of failure (percentcohesive and apparent adhesive). Calculate failing stress asmegapascals (pounds force per square inch) of
25、 shear area.9. Report9.1 Report the following information:FIG. 1 Standard Test Panel and Specimen ConfigurationD 316329.1.1 Complete identification of the adhesive tested, includ-ing type, source, date manufactured, manufacturers codenumber, form, etc.9.1.2 Complete identification of the plastic use
26、d, its thick-ness, and the method of cleaning and preparing its surface priorto bonding.9.1.3 Method of adhesive application (brush, spray, rollercoat, tape, etc.).9.1.4 Conditions present at time of bonding (temperature,etc.).9.1.5 Length of overlap used.9.1.6 Conditioning of joint prior to testing
27、.9.1.7 Maximum, minimum, and average values of the fail-ing load.9.1.8 Number of test specimens tested.9.1.9 Type of failure. Include estimated percent cohesionfailure, unbonded area, apparent failure in adhesion, and failurein the adherend.9.1.10 Test temperature employed.9.1.11 Average thickness o
28、f adhesive layer after formationof the joint, within 0.0127 mm (0.0005 in.). Describe themethod of obtaining the thickness of the adhesive layerincluding procedure, location of measurements, and range ofmeasurements.NOTE 1The length of overlap, L, may be varied where necessary. Thelength of the test
29、 specimen in the jaws, however, must not be varied. Thedistance from the end of the overlap to the end of the jaws should be 63mm (212 in.) in all tests.NOTE 2The thickness of the adherend, t, may be varied to strengthenthe adherend relative to the strength of the bonded area. A maximumthickness of
30、4.76 mm (316in.) is recommended, however, to minimize theeffects of offset.10. Precision and Bias10.1 The precision and bias statement for this test methodhas not yet been determined. Archival and round-robin infor-mation is being reviewed, and the results are expected bySeptember 2004.11. Keywords1
31、1.1 adhesive bonds; plastic; shear strength; tensionThe American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connectionwith any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the val
32、idity of any suchpatent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your com
33、ments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received
34、a fair hearing you should make yourviews known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above address or at610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website (www.astm.org).D 31633
