1、Designation: D3176 15Standard Practice forUltimate Analysis of Coal and Coke1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3176; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthe
2、ses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the term ultimate analysis as it isapplied to the analysis of coal and coke. The informationderived is intended for the general util
3、ization by applicableindustries, to provide the basis for evaluation, beneficiation, orfor other purposes.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.2.1 All percentages are percent mass fractions.1.3 This standard doe
4、s not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Stan
5、dards:2D346 Practice for Collection and Preparation of CokeSamples for Laboratory AnalysisD2013 Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for AnalysisD2234/D2234M Practice for Collection of a Gross Sampleof CoalD3172 Practice for Proximate Analysis of Coal and CokeD3173 Test Method for Moisture in the Ana
6、lysis Sample ofCoal and CokeD3174 Test Method for Ash in the Analysis Sample of Coaland Coke from CoalD3302 Test Method for Total Moisture in CoalD4239 Test Method for Sulfur in the Analysis Sample ofCoal and Coke Using High-Temperature Tube FurnaceCombustionD4596 Practice for Collection of Channel
7、Samples of Coalin a MineD5192 Practice for Collection of Coal Samples from CoreD5373 Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Hydro-gen and Nitrogen inAnalysis Samples of Coal and Carbonin Analysis Samples of Coal and CokeD6609 Guide for Part-Stream Sampling of CoalD6883 Practice for Manual Samplin
8、g of Stationary Coalfrom Railroad Cars, Barges, Trucks, or StockpilesD7430 Practice for Mechanical Sampling of CoalD7582 Test Methods for Proximate Analysis of Coal andCoke by Macro Thermogravimetric Analysis3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 ultimate analysisin the case of coal and coke, thedeterm
9、ination of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur in thematerial, as found in the gaseous products of its completecombustion, the determination of ash in the material as awhole, and the calculation of oxygen by difference.NOTE 1Moisture is not by definition a part of the ultimate analysis ofcoal or
10、coke but must be determined in order that analytical data may beconverted to bases other than that of the analysis sample.NOTE 2Inasmuch as some coals contain mineral carbonates, andpractically all contain clay or shale containing combined water, a part ofthe carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen found in th
11、e products of combustionmay arise from these mineral components.4. Significance and Use4.1 Summarizing the ash content and the content of theorganic constituents in a specific format under the heading,Ultimate Analysis, provides a convenient and uniform systemfor comparing coals or cokes. This tabul
12、ation used with that ofProximate Analysis (Practice D3172) permits cursory valuationof coals for use as fuel or in other carbonaceous processes andof cokes for metallurgical purpose.5. General Requirements5.1 Coal sample collection shall be in accordance with anyof the following Guides or Practices
13、as appropriate: D7430,D2234/D2234M, D6609, D4596, D5192, and D6883.5.2 For coal, sample preparations shall be in accordancewith Practices D2013 or D7430. The analysis sample shall bethe material pulverized to pass a 250 m (No. 60) sieve inaccordance with Practice D2013.1This practice is under the ju
14、risdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal andCoke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.21 on Methods ofAnalysis.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2015. Published January 2015. Originallyapproved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D317609. DOI:10.1520/D3176-15.2For refer
15、enced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West
16、Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.3 Coke sampling and preparation shall be in accordancewith Practice D346.6. Specific Requirements6.1 Carbon, Hydrogen, and NitrogenThe carbon,hydrogen, and nitrogen determination shall be made in accor-dance with Test Method D5373.6.2 SulfurThe sulfur det
17、ermination shall be made inaccordance with Test Methods D4239.6.3 AshThe ash determination shall be made in accor-dance with Test Methods D3174 or D7582.6.4 OxygenThere being no satisfactory direct ASTM testmethod for determining oxygen, it shall be calculated bysubtracting from 100 the sum of the o
18、ther components of theultimate analysis. The result so obtained is affected by errorsincurred in the other determinations of the ultimate analysisand also by the changes in weight of the ash-forming constitu-ents on ignition. By definition, oxygen calculated as a weightpercentage of the analysis sam
19、ple according to this proceduredoes not include oxygen in the mineral matter or in the ash, butdoes include oxygen in the free water (moisture) associatedwith the analysis sample. See Section 7 of this practice forcalculating and reporting results on other bases.6.5 MoistureThe moisture determinatio
20、n shall be made inaccordance with Test Methods D3173 or D7582.6.6 The air-dry loss or total moisture determination shall bemade in accordance with Practice D3302.7. Calculation and Report7.1 The results of an ultimate analysis may be reported onany of a number of bases, differing from each other in
21、themanner by which moisture is treated.7.2 To avoid ambiguity and provide a means for conversionof data to bases other than the reported basis, it is essential thatexcept for data reported on a dry basis, an appropriate moisturecontent be given in the data report.7.3 It is recommended that, for data
22、 reported on the as-received basis (or any other moist basis), a footnote or someother means be used in the report to indicate whether thehydrogen and oxygen values reported do or do not include thehydrogen and oxygen in the free water (moisture) associatedwith the sample.7.4 Procedures for converti
23、ng ultimate analysis sample datato other bases are presented in Table 1.7.4.1 Hydrogen and oxygen on the as-determined basisinclude hydrogen and oxygen in free water (moisture) associ-ated with the analysis sample. However, hydrogen and oxygenvalues reported on other moisture-containing bases may be
24、reported either as containing or as not containing the hydrogenand oxygen in water (moisture) reported on that basis. Alter-native conversion procedures are shown in Table 1.7.5 An example of ultimate analysis data tabulated for ahypothetical coal on various bases is given in Table 2.8. Precision8.1
25、 The permissible differences between two or more deter-minations shall not exceed the values listed in the precisionsection of the specific test method for the parameter deter-mined.9. Keywords9.1 ash; carbon; coal; coke; hydrogen; nitrogen; oxygen;sulfur; ultimate analysisD3176 152TABLE 1 Procedure
26、s for Converting As-Determined Values to Other BasesAReporting BasisParameterBAs-DeterminedCDryAs-ReceivedD,EHarand OxarInclude H andOx in Moisture (Mar)Harand OxarDo Not IncludeHand Ox as MarAshCarbonNitrogen (P)SulfurNo corrections (See standardmethod)Pd5 Pad3S1001002 MadDPar5 Pad3S1002 Mar1002 Ma
27、dDsame as column at leftHydrogen (H) No corrections (See standardmethod)Hd=(Had 0.1119Mad)Har5 fsHad2 0.1119MaddHar=(Had 0.1119Mad)3S1001002 MadD3S1002 Mar1002 MadDG3S1002 Mar1002 MadD+ 0.1119MarOxygen (Ox) Oxad= 100 Aad Cad Had Nad SadOxd=(Oxad 0.8881Mad)Oxar5 fsOxad2 0.8881MaddOxar=(Oxad 0.8881Mad
28、)3S1001002 MadD3S1002 Mar1002 MadDG3S1002 Mar1002 MadDor + 0.8881MarOxd= 100 Ad Cd Hd Nd SdAA = ash, %;M = moisture, %;P = a symbol used interchangeably in the table to refer to ash, or carbon, or nitrogen, or sulfur, %;H = hydrogen, %;Ox = oxygen, %;ad = as-determined from analysis sample;ar = as r
29、eceived or any other moisture-containing basis (that is, equilibrium capacity moisture basis, as-shipped moisture basis, bed moisture basis) if the appropriatemoisture value is substituted for Marin the formulae; andd = dry basis.BAll parameters expressed on a weight percent basis.CHydrogen and oxyg
30、en reported on as-determined basis include hydrogen and oxygen in free moisture associated with analysis sample.DAlternative procedures are shown, differing on the basis of whether hydrogen and oxygen in the moisture are included or are not included in the report values. A footnoteor other means sho
31、uld be employed to indicate the basis used.ETo convert results to a moisture-containing basis other than as-received, as for example, equilibrium capacity moisture, substitute the appropriate moisture value for Marin the equations.TABLE 2 Ultimate Analysis DataTest ParameterAs-DeterminedDry BasisAs-
32、Received BasisHydrogen and Oxygen IncludeH and Ox in Sample Moisture(Mad)Hydrogen and OxygenInclude H and Ox inSample Moisture (Mar)Hydrogen and Oxygen DoNot Include H and Ox inSample Moisture (Mar)Carbon, % 60.08 66.02 46.86 46.86Hydrogen, % 5.44 4.87 6.70 3.46Nitrogen, % 0.88 0.97 0.69 0.69Sulfur,
33、 % 0.73 0.80 0.57 0.57Ash, % 7.86 8.64 6.13 6.13Oxygen, % (by difference) 25.01 18.70 39.05 13.27Total % 100.00 100.00 100.00 70.98Total moisture, % (as-received) . (29.02) 29.02Moisture % (samples as-determined)9.00 Total % 100.00(Air-dry loss in accordance with Test Method D3302 = 22.00 %)D3176 15
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