1、Designation: D 3180 07Standard Practice forCalculating Coal and Coke Analyses from As-Determined toDifferent Bases1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3180; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice gives formulas to enable analytical data tobe expressed on various different bases in common use. S
3、uchbases are: as received, dry, equilibrium moisture, dry ash free,and others.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user this standard to establish appropriatesafety and health practices and determine
4、the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 388 Classification of Coals by RankD 1412 Test Method for Equilibrium Moisture of Coal at 96to 97 Percent Relative Humidity and 30C
5、D 2013 Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for AnalysisD 3173 Test Method for Moisture in the Analysis Sample ofCoal and CokeD 3174 Test Method forAsh in theAnalysis Sample of Coaland Coke from CoalD 3302 Test Method for Total Moisture in Coal3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 as-determined basisan
6、alytical data obtained fromthe analysis sample of coal or coke after conditioning andpreparation to No. 60 (250-m) sieve in accordance withPractice D 2013 and Test Method D 3302. As-determined datarepresents the numerical values obtained at the particularmoisture level in the sample at the time of a
7、nalysis. Thesevalues are normally converted, according to formulae con-tained herein, to conventional reporting bases.3.1.2 as-received basisanalytical data calculated to themoisture condition of the sample as it arrived at the laboratoryand before any processing or conditioning. If the sample hasbe
8、en maintained in a sealed state so that there has been no gainor loss, the as-received basis is equivalent to the moisture basisas sampled.3.1.3 dry basisdata calculated to a theoretical base of nomoisture associated with the sample. The numerical value asestablished by Test Method D 3173 is used fo
9、r converting theas-determined data to a dry basis.3.1.4 dry, ash-free basisdata calculated to a theoreticalbase of no moisture or ash associated with the sample.Numerical values as established by Test Method D 3173 andTest Method D 3174 are used for converting the as-determineddata to a moisture- an
10、d ash-free basis.3.1.5 equilibrium moisture basedata calculated to themoisture level established as the equilibrium moisture. Nu-merical values as established by Test Method D 1412 are usedfor the calculation.4. Significance and Use4.1 The calculations of analytical data for the coal and coketest pa
11、rameters listed in Section 6, assume the analysis samplehas been prepared according to Practice D 2013 and TestMethod D 3302.4.2 This practice provides formulas, to enable calculationsof data from the as-determined analysis sample to variousmoisture basis, in common use by the coal and coke industry
12、.5. Applicable Parameters and Symbols Used5.1 The calculation procedures defined in 6.1.3 and 6.2.2 areapplicable to the following analysis parameters when ex-pressed as weight percent, g/g (trace elements) or Btu/lb(gross calorific value):AshCarbonCarbon dioxideChlorineCalorific value (gross)Fixed
13、carbonMajor, minor and trace elementsNitrogenSulfurSulfur forms (namely, pyritic, sulfate, organic)Volatile matter1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal andCoke and is the direct responsibility of D05.21 on Methods of Analysis.Current edition approved July 15, 2007. P
14、ublished July 2007. Originallyapproved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 3180 89(2002).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standa
15、rds Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2 The symbols used in this practice:A = ash; weight %M = moisture, weight %P = any analysis parameter listed in 5.1, weight %(except gross
16、 calorific value is Btu/lb)ADL = air-dry loss, weight % of as-received sample. SeeTest Method D 3302H = hydrogen, weight %Ox = oxygen, weight %5.3 Subscripts used in this practice:ad = as-determinedar = as-receivedd = drydaf = dry, ash-free (equivalent to moisture and ash free,maf)6. Methods for Cal
17、culating Data6.1 Converting from the analysis sample basis to the as-received basis (Note 1):6.1.1 Moisture:Mar5FMad3100 2 ADL100G1 ADL (1)6.1.2 Hydrogen and OxygenInasmuch as hydrogen andoxygen values may be reported on the basis of containing ornot containing the hydrogen and oxygen in water (mois
18、ture)associated with the sample, alternative conversion proceduresare defined as follows:6.1.2.1 H and Ox reported include H and Ox in water:Har5FHad2 0.1119Mad! 3100 2 Mar100 2 MadG1 0.1119Mar(2)Oxar5FOxad2 0.8881Mad! 3100 2 Mar100 2 MadG1 0.8881Mar(3)6.1.2.2 H and Ox reported do not include H and
19、Ox inwater:Har5 Had2 0.1119Mad! 3100 2 Mar100 2 Mad(4)Oxar5 Oxad2 0.8881Mad! 3100 2 Mar100 2 Mad(5)6.1.3 Other ParametersThe equation below is applicableto all parameters, P, listed in 5.1:Par5 Pad3100 2 Mar100 2 Mad(6)NOTE 1The equations in 6.1.2 and 6.1.3 may be applied to convertanalysis values f
20、rom the analysis sample moisture-containing basis to anyother moisture-containing basis (such as equilibrium capacity moisturebasis) by substituting the desired moisture value for Marin the equations.6.2 Converting from the analysis sample basis to the drybasis (Note 2):6.2.1 Hydrogen and Oxygen:Hd5
21、 Had2 0.1119Mad! 3100100 2 Mad(7)Oxd5 Oxad2 0.8881Mad! 3100100 2 Mad(8)6.2.2 Other ParametersThe equation below is applicableto all parameters, P, listed in 5.1:Pd5 Pad3100100 2 Mad(9)NOTE 2The equations in 6.2.1 and 6.2.2 may be applied to convertanalysis values from any moisture-containing basis t
22、o the dry basis bysubstituting the appropriate moisture value for Madin the equations. If Hand Ox values reported on the moisture-containing basis do not include Hand Ox in the moisture, the equation in 6.2.2 is applicable.6.3 For converting data from the as-determined basis to thedry or moist, mine
23、ral matter-free basis, see procedures inClassification D 388.7. Conversion Formula Chart7.1 To convert any of the analysis values for the parameterslisted in 5.1 from one basis to another, multiply the given valueby the value shown in the appropriate wanted column in Table1.7.2 The chart is applicab
24、le to conversion of hydrogen andoxygen values only when the given values do not include thehydrogen and oxygen in the associated moisture. If the givenhydrogen and oxygen values include the hydrogen and oxygenin associated water, refer to 6.1.2.1 or 6.2.1.8. Sample Calculations8.1 An example of a pr
25、oximate analysis reported on threedifferent bases is shown in Table 2.8.2 An example of ultimate analysis data tabulated for ahypothetical coal on various bases is shown in Table 3.TABLE 1 Conversion Formula ChartGivenWantedAs-Determined (ad) As-Received (ar) Dry (d) Dry Ash-free (daf)As-Determined
26、(ad) 100 2 Mar100 2 Mad100100 2 Mad100100 2 Mad2 AadAs-Received (ar) 100 2 Mad100 2 Mar100100 2 Mar100100 2 Mar2 AarDry (d) 100 2 Mad100100 2 Mar100100100 2 AdDry Ash-free (daf) 100 2 Mad2 Aad100100 2 Mar2 Aar100100 2 Ad100D31800729. Report9.1 To avoid ambiguity and to provide a means for conver-sio
27、n of data to other than the reported basis, it is essential that,except for data reported on a dry basis, an appropriate moisturecontent be given in the data report.9.2 It is recommended that if hydrogen or oxygen data arereported on the as-received basis (or any other moist basis) afootnote or some
28、 other means be employed in the report toindicate whether the values reported do or do not include thehydrogen and oxygen in the moisture associated with thesample.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this
29、standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be r
30、eviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of therespon
31、sible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West
32、 Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE 2 Proximate
33、 AnalysisSample CoalAnalysisAsDeterminedBasisDryBasisAsReceivedBasisMoisture, % 8.23 . 23.24Ash, % 4.46 4.86 3.73Volatile, % 40.05 43.64 33.50Fixed carbon, % 47.26 51.50 39.53Total 100.00 100.00 100.00(Air-Dry Loss in accordance with Test Method D 3302 = 16.36 %)TABLE 3 Ultimate Analysis DataTest Pa
34、rameterAs-DeterminedDry BasisAs-Received BasisHydrogen andoxygen include Hand Ox in samplemoisture (Mad)Hydrogen andoxygen include Hand Ox in samplemoisture (Mar)Hydrogen andoxygen do notinclude H and Oxin samplemoisture (Mar)Carbon, weight % 60.08 66.02 46.86 46.86Hydrogen, weight % 5.44 4.87 6.70
35、3.46Nitrogen, weight % 0.88 0.97 0.69 0.69Sulfur, weight % 0.73 0.80 0.57 0.57Ash, weight % 7.86 8.64 6.13 6.13Oxygen, weight % (by difference) 25.01 18.70 39.05 13.27Total % 100.00 100.00 100.00 70.98Total moisture, weight % (as-received) . . (29.02) 29.02Moisture weight % (sample as-determined) 9.00 . . Total % 100.00(Air-Dry Loss in accordance with Test Method D 3302 = 22.00 %)D3180073
