1、Designation: D 3183 07Standard Practice forRubberPreparation of Product Pieces for Test Purposesfrom Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3183; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers methods for the
3、preparation ofpieces of a rubber vulcanizate that is not in the form of sheet.Such pieces are used as a source from which specimens areobtained for testing.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard d
4、oes not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM St
5、andards:2D 3182 Practice for RubberMaterials, Equipment, andProcedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Prepar-ing Standard Vulcanized Sheets3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 piece, na rubber vulcanizate of a geometry fromwhich a specimen, suitable for testing,
6、may be obtained.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice is used when it is necessary to test aproduct from which specimens cannot be cut directly. Proce-dures are given for preparing pieces suitable for preparingspecimens of the product.5. Conditioning5.1 Pieces shall be prepared for specimen cutti
7、ng and testingnot sooner than 16 h after vulcanization and not later than 60days after delivery to a purchaser.5.2 Testing, for the purpose of production control, mayrequire that the pieces be prepared and tested prior to 16 h asspecified in 5.1. This practice shall be noted in the respectivetest re
8、port.6. Pieces6.1 Pieces shall be obtained, if possible, from the product tobe tested in accordance with the specification for the particularproduct. The pieces shall be prepared in accordance withSection 7.6.2 When it is not feasible to prepare suitable pieces fromthe product, specially molded piec
9、es or sheets may be preparedfrom the same unvulcanized rubber compound used to preparethe product. The sheets shall be vulcanized in accordance withPractice D 3182 and shall have an equivalent state of vulcani-zation judged from such properties as can be determined on theproduct. The sheets shall ha
10、ve one of the following thicknessesunless another thickness is technically necessary:mm in.2 6 0.2 (0.08 6 0.008)4 6 0.2 (0.16 6 0.008)6.3 6 0.3 (0.25 6 0.12)12.5 6 0.5 (0.50 6 0.02)7. Preparation of Pieces7.1 Rubber vulcanizates, particularly products, may nothave a suitable form or size for use in
11、 cutting specimens fortest. Procedures in this section describe the preparation ofpieces from vulcanizates that are too thick, have unevensurfaces, or contain textiles.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 on Rubber andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.10 on P
12、hysical Testing.Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published May 2007. Originallyapproved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 3183 02.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMS
13、tandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7.1.1 After the piece is prepared, it shall rest at least 30 minbefore the specimens are cut
14、.7.2 Separation of TextilesThe separation should prefer-ably avoid the use of a swelling liquid. If this is not possible,use commercial isooctane (2,2,4-trimethylpentane), followingthe safety recommendations from the supplier and the MSDS.7.2.1 Take care to avoid excessive stretching of the rubberdu
15、ring the separation, by separating a little at a time while therubber is gripped near the point of separation.7.2.2 If a liquid is used, place the rubber so as to permit freeevaporation of the liquid. Allow time for the complete evapo-ration of the liquid before the specimens are cut and tested.7.2.
16、2.1 Some skiving machines can separate plies of rubberas in belts, hose, and tires (see 7.4).7.3 Cutting Knife ProcedureThis procedure is based oncommercial slicing machines. The machine consists of amotor- or hand-driven disk cutter of suitable diameter with amovable cutting table that transports t
17、he sample to the cuttingedge. An adjustable slow-feed mechanism is fitted to thecutting table that feeds the rubber forward to the line of cut andcontrols the thickness of the slice. Clamping devices should beavailable to secure the rubber. The knife should be lubricatedwith a mild soap solution to
18、ease the cutting operation.7.4 Skiving ProcedureThis procedure is based on com-mercial leather slitting machinery, and convenient types areavailable for cutting about 50-mm (2-in.) wide strips withthicknesses up to about 12 mm (0.5 in.).Adjustments should beavailable to vary the thickness of cut, an
19、d feed rollers should beprovided to transport the material past the knife. Provisionshould be made for continuous sharpening of the cutting edge.Attachments are available for splitting and cutting sectionsfrom cable sheathing and hose.7.5 Buffng TechniquesUse the buffing techniques de-scribed below
20、when it is necessary to remove any unevennessof surface. Uneveness of surface may result from contact withfabric components, cutting techniques, or other reasons.7.5.1 Abrasive WheelsThe buffing apparatus, commonlyknown as an Emerson Type Rubber Buffer,3should consist ofa grinder with motor-driven a
21、brasive wheel. It is important thatthe wheel should run true, without vibration, and that theabrasive surface based on aluminum oxide or silicon carbide istrue and sharp. The grinder should be equipped with aslow-feed mechanism so that very light cuts may be made toavoid over-heating of the rubber.
22、Suitable means should beprovided for securing the rubber to prevent excessive defor-mation and for controlled traversing of the rubber pass theabrasive wheel (Note 1). In operation the depth of cut shouldnot exceed approximately 0.2 mm (0.008 in.). The successivecuts should be progressively thinner
23、to avoid over-heating. Donot carry out buffing beyond the point where unevenness ofthickness has been eliminated. For removal of greater thick-nesses of rubber, use the cutting techniques indicated in 7.3 and7.4.NOTE 1Wheels of 125 to 150-mm (5 to 6-in.) diameter operating at asurface speed in the r
24、ange of 20 6 5 m/s (4000 6 700 ft/min) of grit size0.42 to 1.00 mm (grit No. 30) for roughing and of grit size 0.18 to 0.42mm (grit No. 60) for finishing have been found suitable.7.5.2 Abrasive Flexible Bands, The apparatus shall consistof either a motor-driven drum, on which a spiral helix of theab
25、rasive is secured, or two pulleys, one motor-driven and theother adjustable to tension to centralize the movement of theband. The abrasive bands should be of textile or paper, or acombination of the two, with the abradant based on aluminumoxide or silicon carbide bonded to its surface with a resinun
26、affected by water. Equipment should be provided for slowfeeding of the material to the abrasive band and for securingthe material without excessive deformation (Note 2). In opera-tion, cuts removing several tenths of a millimetre of rubber arepracticable as the heat build up is much lower than with
27、themethod of 7.5.1. The buffing may be either against the drum,against one of the pulleys, or against the taut band between thepulleys.NOTE 2Grit sizes of 0.42 to 1.00 mm (grit No. 30) for roughing andof 0.05 to 0.18 mm (grit No. 100 or 180) for finishing with surface speedof the band in the range 2
28、0 6 5 m/s (4000 6 700 ft/min.) have been foundsuitable.8. Keywords8.1 cutting; Emerson Type rubber buffer; rubber buffer;rubber buffing; skiving; test piece; test piece preparation; testspecimen; testing of finished productsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent r
29、ights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at a
30、ny time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments
31、will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by
32、ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail);
33、 or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).3The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis CCSi, Inc., 221 Beaver St., Akron, OH 44304. If you are aware of alternativesuppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee,1which you may attend.D3183072
