1、Designation: D 3233 93 (Reapproved 2009)An American National StandardStandard Test Methods forMeasurement of Extreme Pressure Properties of FluidLubricants (Falex Pin and Vee Block Methods)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3233; the number immediately following the designation i
2、ndicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover two procedures
3、 for making apreliminary evaluation of the load-carrying properties of fluidlubricants by means of the Falex Pin and Vee Block TestMachine.NOTE 1Additional information can be found in Appendix X1 regard-ing coefficient of friction, load gage conversions, and load gage calibrationcurve.1.2 The values
4、 stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with it
5、s use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B 16/B 16M Specification for Free-Cutting Brass Rod, Barand Shapes for
6、Use in Screw MachinesD 2670 Test Method for Measuring Wear Properties ofFluid Lubricants (Falex Pin and Vee Block Method)D 2783 Test Method for Measurement of Extreme-PressureProperties of Lubricating Fluids (Four-Ball Method)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 act
7、ual gage load, nthe value obtained from the gagewhile running the test and before any corrections are made.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThis gage reading is irrespective of theparticular gage used, and corrections are made by comparisonto a standard reference.3.1.2 direct load, nthat which is applied linearly,
8、 bisect-ing the angle of the vee block corrected to either the 800 or3000-lbf gage reference.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThis load is equivalent to the true loadtimes the cos 42.3.1.3 true load, nthe sum of the applied forces normal tothe tangents of contact between the faces of one vee block andthe journal p
9、in corrected to the 4500 lbf gage reference line.3.1.4 true load failure value, nthe true load at which thelubricant tested can no longer support the applied load resultingin either test pin or shear pin breakage, or inability to maintainor increase load.3.1.4.1 DiscussionThis value is also referred
10、 to as thelimit of extreme pressure.4. Summary of Test Methods4.1 Both test methods consist of running a rotating steeljournal at 290 6 10 rpm against two stationary V-blocksimmersed in the lubricant sample. Load is applied to theV-blocks by a ratchet mechanism. In Test Method A (Note 1),increasing
11、load is applied continuously. In Test Method B(Note 1), load is applied in 250-lbf (1112-N) increments withload maintained constant for 1 min at each load increment. Inboth methods the load-fail value obtained is the criteria forlevel of load-carrying properties. Both methods require cali-bration of
12、 the load gage and reporting of test results as true(corrected) loads rather than actual gage loads.NOTE 2Test Method A is referred to as the Falex Run-Up Test. TestMethod B is referred to as the Falex One-Minute Step Test.5. Significance and Use5.1 Evaluations by both test methods differentiate bet
13、weenfluids having low, medium, and high levels of extreme-pressureproperties. The user should establish any correlation betweenresults by either method and service performance.NOTE 3Relative ratings by both test methods on the reference fluidscovered in Table 1 and Table 2 are in good general agreem
14、ent with1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.L0.11 on Tribiological Properties of Industrial Fluids and Lubricates.Current edition approved April 15, 2009. Published July 2009. Ori
15、ginallyapproved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 323393(2003).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary pag
16、e onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.four-ball weld-point relative ratings obtained on these same referencefluids, covered in Test Method D 2783.6. Apparatus6.1 Falex Pin and Vee Block Test Machine,3il
17、lustrated inFig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 3, fitted with 4500-lbf (20 000-N) gageor 3000-lbf (13 350-N) gage.6.2 Required for Calibration:6.2.1 Allen Screw, with attached 10-mm Brinnell ball.46.2.2 Back-Up Plug.46.2.3 Standard Test Coupon,4soft, annealed copper, Hb3739.6.2.4 Brinnell Microscope, or equiv
18、alent.6.2.5 Timer, graduated in seconds and minutes.6.2.6 Rule, steel, 6-in. (approximately 150-mm) long.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Standard Coined-Blocks,496 6 1 angle, AISI C-1137steel, HRC 20 to 24, surface finish 5 to 10 in. (1.3 3 107to2.5 3 107m), rms.7.2 Standard Test Journals,414 in. (6.35
19、 mm) outsidediameter by 114 in. (31.75 mm) long,AISI 3135 steel, HRB 87to 91 on a ground flat surface, surface finish 5 to 10 in.(1.3 3 107to 2.5 3 107m) rms.7.3 Locking Pins,412 H brass, conforming to SpecificationB 16/B 16M.7.4 Solvent, safe, nonfilming, nonchlorinated.NOTE 4Petroleum distillate a
20、nd benzene, formerly used as solvents inthis method, have been eliminated due to possible toxic effects. Each usershould select a solvent that can meet applicable safety standards and stillthoroughly clean the parts.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Cleaning:8.1.1 Thoroughly clean the V-blocks, test jo
21、urnals, lubricantcup, and supports for V-blocks and test journals by washing,successively, with solvent selected in 7.4. Dry the V-blocks,test journals, lubricant cup, and supports by allowing the finalsolvent to evaporate in air.3The Falex Pin and Vee Block Test Machine, available from the Falex Co
22、rp.,1020 Airpark Dr., Sugar Grove, IL 60554 has been found satisfactory for thispurpose. A new model of this machine has been available since 1983. Certainoperating procedures are different for this new model. Consult instruction manual ofmachine for this information.4Available from Falex Corp., 102
23、0 Airpark Dr., Sugar Grove, IL 60554.TABLE 1 Results of Cooperative Tests on Reference Fluids L-XI-1-2-A, B, C, D, EA(TEST METHOD A)Labora-toryTestL-XI-1-2-AFail Load, lbfL-XI-1-2-BFail Load, lbfL-XI-1-2-CFail Load, lbfL-XI-1-2-DFail Load, lbfL-XI-1-2-EFail Load, lbfGage True Gage True Gage True Gag
24、e True Gage TrueA1212001275840920120012758409204500 +4500 +4100 +4100 +43004500 +39504100 +2600240021001925B128008508609001000950105010254500 +4500 +4250 +4250 +41004300390041002050195020501950C1272565099091077575010209804500 +4500 +3200 +3200 +39504100290030001350130014601430D1214001400105010501100
25、12507709004500 +4500 +3500 +3500 +4500 +4500 +3500 +3500 +2900265021501975E12825750900820100092510601000445044504500 +4500 +41004150447545001825182519701970F121000B990B920B910B100010508008504500 +4500 +4500 +4500 +35002900450035101850172019001720G12800700900800690660800750400037504275400033253150362
26、534501430150016001675H1270070070070010001000100010004500 +4500 +4500 +4500 +37504000375040001900165019001650I127507506006001250100010008004500 +4500 +3750 +3750 +4500 +4500 +3750 +3750 +1750175014501450Min AvgMax AvgGrand Avg600105085477510379202950C4488C3809C144520631796Repeatability Reproducibilit
27、ys = 0.0624 S = 0.140r = 0.179 (TL)DR = 0.402 (TL)DAReference fluids used and described in Test Method D 2783.BCalibration curves shifted.CSix laboratories.DTL = average true load, lbf, of sample tested.D 3233 93 (2009)2TABLE 2 Results of Cooperative Tests on Reference Fluids L-XI-1-2-A, B, C, D, EA
28、(TEST METHOD B)Labora-toryTestL-XI-1-2-AFail Load, lbfL-XI-1-2-BFail Load, lbfL-XI-1-2-CFail Load, lbfL-XI-1-2-DFail Load, lbfL-XI-1-2-EFail Load, lbfGage True Gage True Gage True Gage True Gage TrueA12110011007507501400140010001000415043503750400043504150400037502750220022501750B1267067075075094067
29、01000750420039004000375039004200375040002000175020001750C1252052075075052079075010004100 +4100 +3000 +3000 +41004100 +30003000 +1750175017501750D121600160012501250108010807507504500 +4500 +3500 +3500 +4500 +4500 +3500 +3500 +3000330022502500E1270070075075092592510001000385041504250450038503650425040
30、001380185015002000F121075B1075B1000B1000B950950750750335035004250450033503050425037501925156020001500G126606607507506608007501000350032003750350030002800325030001550135017501500H127507507507501000100010001000350040003500400042504000425040001500175015001750I1293093075075091091075075044004400375037504
31、400 +4400 +3750 +3750 +1800180015001500Min AvgMax AvgGrand Avg750125083375010008753625C4375C3932C3125D4125D3837D150023751846Repeatability Reproducibilitys = 0.0624 S = 0.137r = 0.179 (TL)ER = 0.391 (TL)EAReference fluids used and described in Test Method D 2783.BCalibration curves shifted.CSeven lab
32、oratories.DSix laboratories.ETL = average true load, lbf, of sample tested.FIG. 1 Schematic Diagram of Falex Standard Pin and Vee Block Test MachineD 3233 93 (2009)38.1.2 After cleaning, handle the test pieces with care toprevent contamination. Particularly, avoid contact of fingerswith mating surfa
33、ces of V-blocks and test journals.8.2 Assembly:8.2.1 Insert the test journal into the test shaft and securewith a new brass locking pin, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3.8.2.2 Insert the V-blocks into the recesses of the loadingdevice and swing the V-blocks inward to contact the journal sothat the V-gr
34、ooves are aligned with the journal major axis, asshown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3.8.2.3 Place 60 mL of test lubricant in the lubricant cup andraise the cup so that the V-blocks are immersed in the testlubricant. With highly viscous fluids, open the jaws slightly toensure that the wear surfaces are covered
35、 with the lubricant.8.2.4 Place the automatic loading device, with attachedgage, on the jaw arms.9. Preparation of True Load Calibration Curve9.1 On log-log paper (K then turn off the switch.12.1.2 Remove slack from assembly by moving the ratchetwheel by hand.At this setting the torque gage should r
36、ead zero,or be adjusted to zero.12.1.3 Actuate the motor, engage the automatic loadingratchet, and increase the load to a gage load equivalent to300-lbf (1334-N) true load (264-lbf direct load), as determinedin 8.1. Disengage the loading ratchet, start the timer, and allowthe machine to run at this
37、loading for a 5-min run-in period.NOTE 8Maintain load at near constant by taking up the load manuallyor automatically by means of the ratchet wheel if necessary.12.2 Test:12.2.1 Re-engage the automatic loading ratchet and leave itengaged until failure (Note 9) or until the highest indicatedactual ga
38、ge reading is reached. Stop the motor at failure or atthe highest indicated actual gage load when no failure isobtained. Record the gage load at failure. Record 4500 lbf(20 000 N) if no failure is obtained.NOTE 9Failure is indicated by (a) breakage of shear pin or test pin, or(b) inability to take u
39、p the load automatically by means of the ratchetwheel.12.2.2 Using the calibration curves prepared in Sections 9and 10, determine and record the true load failure equivalent tothe actual gage load failure, or, if no failure, the true loadequivalent to the highest indicated actual gage load, with a p
40、lus( + ) sign after the true load value.NOTE 10To convert actual gage load to true load, locate the gage loadon the actual gage load curve. Through this point draw a vertical line tointersect the true load curve. Through this point of intersection draw ahorizontal line to the left-hand or right-hand
41、 load scale and read the trueload value.TEST METHOD B13. Determination of Actual Gage Load for Run-In and250-lbf (1112-N) True Load Increments13.1 The procedure, Section 14, requires a run-in at anactual gage load equivalent to 300-lbf (1334-N) true load(264-lbf direct load), and testing at incremen
42、tal gage loadingsequivalent to 250-lbf (1112-N) true load (224-lbf direct load)over the range from 500 to 4500-lbf (2224 to 20 000-N) trueload (412 to 2885-lbf direct load). Determine the equivalentactual gage loads as prescribed in Section 8, and Test MethodA. Record on a suitable reporting form, s
43、uch as shown in Table3.TABLE 3 Suggested Report Form, Test Methods A and B, Showing DataOperator: Laboratory ATest Sample: L-XI-1-2-E Gage Type:Calibration Indentation Results: 500 lbf = 2.13 mm 1500 lbf = 3.53 mm1000 lbf = 2.90 mm 2000 lbf = 4.06 mmTEST METHOD ARun-In: 5 min at 520 lbf actual gage
44、load, equivalent to 300 lbf true load.Actual Gate Load,lbf, at FailureEquivalent True Load,lbf at FailureTest No. 1 2600 2100Test No. 2 2400 1925TEST METHOD BRun-In: 5 min at 520 lbf actual gage load, equivalent to 300 lbf true load.True Load, lbf Equivalent ActualGage Load, lbfTest No. 1 Test No. 2
45、500 800 pass pass750 1100 pass pass1000 1400 pass pass1250 1650 pass pass1500 1950 pass pass1750 2200 pass fail2000 2450 pass2250 2750 fail2500 30002750 32003000 34003250 37003500 39003750 41504000 435042504500D 3233 93 (2009)614. Procedure14.1 Run-InUse the same procedure as prescribed in 12.1,Test
46、 Method A.14.2 Test:14.2.1 Re-engage the automatic loading ratchet and leave itengaged until the actual gage reading is equivalent to 500-lbf(2224-N) true load (412-lbf direct load), as determined inSection 13. Run for 1 min at this loading.NOTE 11Maintain load at near constant at this load and at s
47、ubsequentincremental loading by taking up the load by means of the ratchet wheelwhen necessary.NOTE 12Keep the motor running after run-in and throughout subse-quent loadings.14.2.2 Increase actual gage loads in the increments equiva-lent to 250-lbf (1112-N) true load (224-lbf direct load), asdetermi
48、ned in Section 13, running for 1 min at each incrementloading. Record the load at which failure occurs (Note 14, Note15). If no failure is obtained, record the last load run with a plus( + ) sign after the value.NOTE 13Failure is indicated by (a) breakage of shear pin or test pin,or (b) inability to
49、 increase or maintain load by means of the ratchet wheel.NOTE 14If failure occurs during run-up between load increments,record the higher increment load as fail.14.2.3 Determine and record the true load failure equivalentas described in 12.2.2.TEST METHODS A AND B15. Report15.1 Report the true load value at which failure occurred.15.2 If no failure is obtained, report the last true load run,with a plus ( + ) sign after the value.16. Precision and Bias16.1 The precision of these test methods as determined bystatistical examination of interlaboratory
