1、Designation: D 3336 05e1An American National StandardStandard Test Method forLife of Lubricating Greases in Ball Bearings at ElevatedTemperatures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3336; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in
2、 the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.e1NOTEAdjunct
3、 references were corrected editorially in April 2006.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the perfor-mance of lubricating greases in ball bearings operating underlight loads at high speeds and elevated temperatures.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas stand
4、ard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this sta
5、ndard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificwarning statements, see 8.1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 600 Specification for Tool Steel High Speed2.2 ABMA Standard:3Standard 4, Toleranc
6、e Definitions and Gaging Practices forBall and Roller Bearings2.3 ASTM Adjuncts:Standard Ball Bearings (set of five)43. Summary of Test Method3.1 A grease lubricated SAE No. 204 size ball bearing isrotated at 10 000 rpm under light load at a specified elevatedtemperature. Tests are continued until f
7、ailure or completion ofa specified number of hours of running time.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method can be used to evaluate the ability ofgrease to provide adequate lubrication for extended periods ofball bearings operating under light loads at high speeds andelevated temperatures.5. Appa
8、ratus5,65.1 Test Spindle7(see Figs. 1-4 ), capable of operating atspeeds of 10 000 rpm and temperatures as high as 371C(700F). The test bearing seat dimension shall be 19.99 to20.00 mm (0.7870 to 0.7874 in.). For spindles having the testbearing and the support bearing in the same housing (CRCType, F
9、igs. 1-3)(Note 2) the internal construction of thespindle shall be such that the outboard support bearing, or bothbearings are free to float axially in the housing. In designswhere both bearings are free to float, the spindle shaft shallhave a 0.508 to 0.762 mm (0.020 to 0.030 in.) free axialmovemen
10、t or end play. The outboard bearing seat dimensionshould be 19.99 to 20.00 mm (0.7870 to 0.7874 in.).1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.G0 on Lubricating Grease.Current edition appr
11、oved Nov. 1, 2005. Published November 2005. Originallyapproved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 333697(2002)e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume informa
12、tion, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Bearing Manufacturers Assoc., 2025 M St., NW, Ste800, Washington, DC 20036.4Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.ADJD3336. Original adjunct produced in 1984.5Complete apparatus
13、is available from Falex Corp., 1020 Airpark Dr., SugarGrove, IL 60554.6If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may at
14、tend.7Pope Machinery Corporation Grease Test Spindles No. P-1911 or P-6301A-HT(Fig. 1) and No. P-7605-B (Fig. 2); and Falex Corp. spindles of the type shown inFig. 1 and Fig. 2 have been found satisfactory for this purpose.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Consh
15、ohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.1.1 The test unit design (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) should be suchthat a finger spring washer produces a 22 to 67 N (5 to 15 lbf)thrust load on the floating outboard support bearing.85.2 Bearing Housing:5.2.1 For CRC Type SpindlesThe bearing housing diam-eter shall b
16、e 47.005 to 47.021 mm (1.8506 to 1.8512 in.) togive proper bearing mounting. Construction shall be such thatthe test bearing is equipped with flush spacers or shields toconfine the grease to the bearing. The spacers or shields shallhave a clearance between the inside diameter and the shaft of0.127 t
17、o 0.178 mm (0.005 to 0.007 in.) per side.NOTE 1This type of spindle is described in CRC Research Techniquefor the Determination of Performance Characteristics of LubricatingGrease in Antifriction Bearings at Elevated Temperature (CRC Designa-tions L-35-54 and CRC L-35-62).5.2.2 For Navy Type Spindle
18、s (Test Bearing Mounted Out-side Spindle Housing)The bearing housing shall be con-structed of material similar to that of the test bearing and shallbe tempered to retain dimensional stability at temperatures upto 371C (700F). Internal diameter shall be 47.005 to 47.021mm (1.8506 to 1.8512 in.). The
19、housing cover shall be flushfitting to confine the grease to the bearing. Provision shall bemade for insertion in the housing of one or two smallthermocouples which shall lightly press on and be in continualcontact with the outer race of the test bearing. The housingshall be fitted with lugs to acco
20、mmodate a yoke and addedweight so that a radial load may be applied to the test bearing.8The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Falex Part No. 643-187-070, Falex Corp. 1020 Airpark Dr., Sugar Grove, IL60554.FIG. 1 Test Spindle (Both Bearings Floating)FIG. 2
21、Test Spindle (with Radial Load)D333605e12A thrust load of 22 6 2N(56 0.55 lbf) shall be applied to theouter race of the bearing by means of a helical spring calibratedat room temperature.5.3 Motor Drive AssemblySpindle bracket and constantbelt tension motor drive assembly capable of providing spindl
22、espeeds up to 10 000 6 200 rpm by means of an endless belt.The motor shall be mounted so that a belt tension of approxi-mately 67 N (15 lbf) can be maintained on the test spindlepulley.5.4 Oven, removable, capable of producing a test tempera-ture of 371C (700F) within 112 h.5.5 Control Equipment:FIG
23、. 3 Test Spindle Thrust Load DesignFIG. 4 G-III-54 Grease Life, Hours to FailureD333605e135.5.1 The temperature at the outside diameter of the testbearing shall be maintained within 3C (5F) of the specifiedtest temperature. The temperature control equipment shall beadequate to maintain the temperatu
24、re at the outer race of thetest bearing within the limits specified by control of the oventemperature. The oven temperature shall be controlled bymeans of a thermocouple placed in the oven cavity.5.5.2 Suitable equipment such as adjustable reset relay andoverload device for shutting off oven heaters
25、 and drive motorand other accessory equipment (timer, recorder, etc.) shall beprovided. Oven temperature as well as bearing temperatureshould be recorded.6. Materials6.1 Test Bearing, SAE No. 204 size, fabricated from heat-resistant steel, suitable for temperatures as high as 371C(700F). The bearing
26、 shall be manufactured toABEC-3 quality,having a radial clearance of from 0.025 to 0.031 mm (0.0010to 0.0012 in.). See Annex A1 which describes ABMAsstandard method of measuring radial internal clearances of ballbearings. The bearing shall be equipped with a ball retainerfabricated from suitable mat
27、erial capable of withstandingtemperatures as high as 371C (700F). Support bearings ofCRC Type spindles shall be identical to the test bearings.NOTE 2Bearings fabricated from 18-4-1 high speed or M-50 (Speci-fication A 600) tool steel with retainers fabricated from heat-treatedsilver-plated beryllium
28、 copper9have been found satisfactory for thispurpose. Alternatively, for testing at temperatures of 149C (300F) andbelow, ASTM Test Bearings Size 6204 (PCN 12-433360-12) ABEC-3 hasbeen found satisfactory. This bearing is fabricated from AISI 52100 steel,with a retainer fabricated from AISI C1010 ste
29、el and with an internalclearance range of 0.021 to 0.028 mm (0.0008 to 0.0011 in.).106.2 ASTM n-Heptane.116.3 Mineral Spirits, reagent grade.7. Test Conditions7.1 TemperatureAs specified up to 371C (700F).7.2 Speed10 000 6 200 rpm.7.3 Test Cycle:7.3.1 Twenty-one and one-half hours running at tempera
30、-tures of 149C (300F) and below212 h shutdown withoutapplied heat.7.3.2 Twenty hours running at temperatures of above 149C(300F)4 h shutdown without applied heat.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Just prior to lubrication for test, clean the test bearing byrotating it in warm (approximately 50C (120F)
31、mineralspirits, reagent grade (WarningFlammable. Harmful if in-haled) followed by two successive washes of ASTM n-heptane(WarningCombustible. Vapor harmful) and flash dry in anoven at 71C (160F). Cool the bearing to room temperature.8.2 Pack the bearing by hand so that it contains a weighedquantity
32、of grease equivalent to 3.2 6 0.1 cm3. The grease canalso be measured by volume and applied to the bearing bymeans of a syringe. The grease shall be worked uniformly intoboth sides of the bearings, using a narrow blade spatula,making sure that the grease does not extend beyond the facet ofthe races.
33、 For CRC Type spindles the support bearing shall bepacked full.8.3 Assemble the test bearing, support bearing, and Z-spring(see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) on the spindle and fix the thermocouplesinto position so that it is in contact with the outer race of thetest bearing (CRC Type spindles). For tests at 2
34、32C (450F)and above, replace the finger spring washer for each test. ForNavy Type spindles insert the test bearing into the housing andpress the bearing onto the spindle by application of a light forceon the inner race. Place the cover plate in position, fix thethermocouples into position, and apply
35、 the radial and thrustloads.9. Procedure9.1 Rotate the bearing by hand for approximately 100revolutions in each direction at a speed not exceeding 200 rpm.Start the drive motor and heater simultaneously and adjust thetemperature controller to raise the bearing to test temperaturewithin 112 h. After
36、two hours of test operation at speed andcontrol temperature, measure the temperature of the outer raceof the test bearing.Adjust the controller such that the outer raceof the test bearing is at test temperature for the grease. Recordtest hours (running time), control temperature, and outer-racetempe
37、rature of the bearing at least every 24 h. Unless auto-matic controls are employed, a 72-h shutdown (without appliedheat) over the weekend, shall be followed. For Navy Typespindles the oven door shall remain closed during periods ofshutdown.NOTE 3Once satisfactory thermal stability has been establis
38、hed withthe test bearing, no further manual adjustment is normally necessary.However, minor adjustments may be made to accommodate changingconditions of voltage, ambient temperatures, etc.9.2 Continue the test until failure or completion of aspecified number of known running times.10. Results10.1 Th
39、e lubricant is considered to have failed when anyone of the following conditions occurs:10.1.1 Spindle input power increases to a value of 300 %above the steady state condition at test temperature.10.1.2 An increase in temperature at the test bearing of15C (27F) over the test temperature during any
40、portion of acycle. Ignore any temperature rise that takes place within 30min after reaching test temperature after daily start-up.10.1.3 There is loading of the test bearing or belt slippage atstart up or during the test cycle.11. Precision and Bias11.1 The precision of this test is not known to hav
41、e beenobtained in accordance with currently accepted guidelines (forexample, see Research Report RR: D021007).11.2 Grease life data generated in two separate cooperativetesting programs show appreciable scatter and follow Weibull9The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at t
42、his timeis Bearing MRC204S17, SKF Bearings, .10Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR: D021272.11Described in 1996 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.04, Annex 2,Section A2.7 on Reference Materials.D333605e14distribut
43、ions rather than normal distributions. Statistical pa-rameters such as repeatability and reproducibility are thereforenot appropriate. Weibull parameters such as slope, L10, L50andLcbetter describe the distribution of test data.11.2.1 Precision may be judged from Weibull plots of thetest data, shown
44、 in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, and from calculatedWeibull parameters, summarized in Table 1 (90 % confidencelimits are shown in parentheses). Precision may also be judgedfrom the mean and range for the center 50 % of resultsreported, also summarized in Table 1.12,1311.3 Replicate testing is essential when u
45、sing this proceduresince appreciable scatter in grease life results can be expected.A grease needs to be tested on a minimum of five differentbearings to provide sufficient data for the Weibull statisticalanalysis to yield meaningful results.11.4 BiasThe procedure for measuring life of lubricatinggr
46、eases in ball bearings at elevated temperatures has no biasbecause the value of performance life in ball bearings atelevated temperature can be defined only in terms of a testmethod.12. Keywords12.1 ball bearing; grease; life12Further details may be found in National Lubricating Grease InstituteSpok
47、esman, Vol 39, No. 3, June 1975, pp. 8195.13Avariety of computer software programs are commercially available to enablecalculation of Weibull statistics.FIG. 5 G-III-60 Grease Life, Hours to FailureD333605e15ANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. INTERNAL CLEARANCE MEASUREMENTA1.1 CommentsA1.1.1 The follow
48、ing method describes how to measure theinternal clearance of radial bearings based on ABMAs Stan-dard 4 (Section 3.6, Method 1).14A1.1.2 This method is applicable to radial contact groovedball bearings.A1.1.3 This method is used for measuring the radial internalclearance directly employing simple me
49、ans and without the useof a master bearing.A1.1.4 The difference between minimum and maximummeasured reading is the measured radial internal clearance.The average of the several sets of measurements is the radialinternal clearance, CRof the bearing.A1.1.5 Prelubricated bearings and some designs of bearingswith closures may adversely affect accuracy of gauging.A1.2 MethodA1.2.1 Fasten the inner ring of the assembled bearing on aplate with shim inserted between inner ring and surface plate.A1.2.2 Position the indicator agai
