1、Designation: D3343 05 (Reapproved 2010)Standard Test Method forEstimation of Hydrogen Content of Aviation Fuels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3343; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the estimatio
3、n of the hydrogencontent (mass percent) of aviation gasolines and aircraftturbine and jet engine fuels.1.2 This test method is empirical and is applicable to liquidhydrocarbon fuels that conform to the requirements of speci-fications for aviation gasolines or aircraft turbine and jet enginefuels of
4、types Jet A, Jet A-1, Jet B, JP-4, JP-5, JP-7, and JP-8.NOTE 1The procedure for the experimental determination of hydro-gen in petroleum fractions is described in Test Methods D1018 andD3701.NOTE 2The estimation of the hydrogen content of a hydrocarbon fuelis justifiable only when the fuel belongs t
5、o a well-defined class for whicha relationship among the hydrogen content and the distillation range,density, and aromatic content has been derived from accurate experimen-tal measurements on representative samples of that class. Even in thiscase, the possibility that the estimates may be in error b
6、y large amounts forindividual fuels should be recognized. The fuels used to establish thecorrelation presented in this test method are defined by the followingspecifications:Fuel SpecificationAviation gasolines D910Aircraft turbine and jet engine fuelsJP-4 and JP-5 MIL-T-5624JP-6 MIL-J-25056 (Obsole
7、te)JP-7 MIL-T-38219Jet A D1655Miscellaneous hydrocarbonsNo. 2 Diesel fuelKerosine distillates (similar to Jet A)Miscellaneous (includes thinners, gasoline fractions, and unidentified blends)Special production fuels (commercial products of nearly pure hydrocarbonsand special high-temperature fuels (H
8、TF) produced for Air Force tests.Pure hydrocarbons1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof
9、 the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD910 Specification for Aviation
10、 GasolinesD1018 Test Method for Hydrogen In Petroleum FractionsD1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and LiquidPetroleum Products by Hydrometer MethodD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in LiquidPetroleum Products by Fluorescent Indi
11、cator AdsorptionD1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine FuelsD2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution ofPetroleum Fractions by Gas ChromatographyD3701 Test Method for Hydrogen Content of AviationTurbine Fuels by Low Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Reso-nance Spectrometry2.2 Military Standards:M
12、IL-T-5624 Specification for Turbine Fuel,Aviation, GradeJP-4 and JP-53MIL-J-25056 Specification for Turbine Fuel, Grade JP-63MIL-T-38219 Specification for Turbine Fuel, Low Volatil-ity, JP-733. Summary of Test Method3.1 A correlation4has been established between the hydro-gen content of a fuel and i
13、ts distillation range, API gravity, andaromatic content. This relationship is given by the followingequations:Type fuelAll aviation gasolines and aircraft turbine fuels%H5 0.063 17G 0.041 089A 1 0.000 072 135AV1 0.000 056 84GV 0.000 496 0GA 1 10.56 (1)1This test method is under the jurisdiction of A
14、STM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.04.0K on Correlative Methods.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originallyapproved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D334305. DOI:10.1520/D3343-05R1
15、0.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents, Order Desk, Bldg
16、. 4, Section D,700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, ATTN: NPODS.4Bert, J. A., and Painter, L. J., “Method for Calculating Hydrogen Content ofAviation Fuels,” Chevron Research Co., Richmond, CA, Jan. 12, 1973.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohock
17、en, PA 19428-2959, United States.or in SI Units,5%H5 9201.2 1 14.49T 70.22A!/D1 0.026 52A 1 0.000 129 8AT 0.013 47T 1 2.003 (2)where:% H = mass percent hydrogen;G = gravity, API;A = volume percent aromatics;V = average of 10, 50, and 90 % distillation data, F(using Test Method D86);T = average of 10
18、, 50, and 90 % distillation data, C;andD = density in kg/m3at 15C.3.2 Eq 1 was empirically derived for the mass percenthydrogen by the method of least squares from accurate data onfuels using inch-pound units of measurement. Eq 2 was deriveddirectly from Eq 1 by simply converting from inch-pound to
19、SIunits of measurement.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is intended for use as a guide in casesin which an experimental determination of hydrogen content isnot available. Table 1 shows a summary for the range of eachvariable used in developing the correlation. The mean valueand its distri
20、bution about the mean, namely the standarddeviation, is shown. This indicates, for example, that the meandensity for all fuels used in developing the correlation was783.5 kg/m3and that two thirds of the samples had a densitybetween 733.2 and 841.3 kg/m3, that is, plus and minus onestandard deviation
21、. The correlation is most accurate when thevalues of the variables to be used in the equation are within onestandard deviation of the mean, but is useful up to two standarddeviations of the mean. The use of this correlation may beapplicable to other hydrocarbon distillates similar to aviationfuels,
22、but only limited data on nonaviation fuels were includedin the correlation.4.2 Hydrogen content is required to correct gross heat ofcombustion to net heat of combustion. Net heat is used inaircraft calculation because all combustion products are in thegaseous state, but experimental methods measure
23、gross heat.5. Procedure5.1 Determine the density or the API gravity of the fuelsample as described in Practice D1298 API 2547IP 160.5.2 Determine the temperatures at which 10, 50, and 90 %of the fuel are recovered using Test Method D86IP123 or TestMethod D2887IP 406. Average these three temperatures
24、 toobtain the T value (in C) or the V value (in F) used in theequations of 3.1.NOTE 3Distillation data (10, 50, and 90 %) obtained by Test MethodD2887 are not equivalent to the same data obtained by Test Method D86.However, as the 50 % temperatures are approximately equal, and the 90 %delta is simil
25、ar in magnitude and opposite in sign to the 10 % delta, theaverage of the 10, 50, and 90 % temperatures by either test method maybe used to estimate hydrogen content by Test Method D3343.5.3 Determine the aromatic volume percent of the sampleusing Test Method D1319IP 156.6. Calculation and Report6.1
26、 Inch-Pound UnitsCalculate the percent hydrogen ofthe sample using Eq 1 in 3.1. Round the value obtained to thenearest 0.01 %.Example: Sample: Aviation kerosine fuelDetermined Values:API gravity, G =44Aromatic volume percent, A =12Average distillation temperature, V = 400F (10 % = 350F,50 % = 390F,
27、90 % = 460F; V = (350 + 390 + 460)/3 = 400FUsing Eq 1 in 3.1:%H5 0.063 1744! 2 0.041 08912! 10.000 072 13512! 400! 1 0.000 056 8444! 400! 0.000 496 044! 12! 1 10.56 (3)%H5 13.9311 5 13.936.2 SI UnitsCalculate the percent hydrogen of the sampleusing Eq 2 of 3.1. Round the value obtained to the neares
28、t0.01 %.Example: Sample: Aviation kerosine fuelDetermined Values:Density, D = 805.9 kg/m3Aromatics, volume %, A =12Average distillation temperature, T = 205C (10 % = 178C,50 % = 200C, 90 % = 237C, T = (178 + 200 + 237)/3 =205C)Using Eq 2 in 3.1.%H5 9201.2 1 14.49205!70.2212!#/805.9 1 0.026 5212! 10.
29、000 129 812! 205! 0.013 47205! 12.003 (4)%H5 13.9367 5 13.946.3 An alternative method for calculating the percent hy-drogen is by summing the values of F1(H2) and F2(H2)determined from the nomographs in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2,respectively.6.3.1 Determine the F1(H2) value using the nomograph ofFig. 1. Ent
30、er the nomograph at the abscissa with the density orthe API gravity value, then move vertically upward to thevolume percent aromatics line, and then move horizontally tothe left and read off the value of F1(H2).6.3.2 Determine the F2(H2) value using the nomograph ofFig. 2. Enter the nomograph at the
31、 left ordinate using thedensity or theAPI gravity. Move horizontally to the right to the5Supporting data (conversion of Eq 1 to SI units) have been filed at ASTMInternational Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research ReportRR:D02-1266.TABLE 1 Mean and Standard Deviation of the Variable
32、sVariable MeanStandardDeviationAromatics, volume, % 14.1 21.6Density, kg/m3(API) 783 (49.1) 54 (12.4)Volatility, C (F) 178 (352) 53 (96)Mass percent hydrogen 14.1 1.3D3343 05 (2010)2volume percent aromatics line, then vertically downward to theaverage boiling point line (average of the 10, 50, and 9
33、0 %distillation temperatures) using either F or C, and thenhorizontally to the right ordinate and read the F2(H2) value.6.3.3 Sum the F1(H2) and the F2(H2) values to obtain theestimated hydrogen content in mass percent.6.4 Report the result from 6.1, 6.2,or6.3 to the nearest0.01 % as weight percent
34、of hydrogen of the fuel sample.7. Precision and Bias67.1 The following criteria should be used for judging theacceptability of estimated hydrogen content results (95 %confidence):7.1.1 RepeatabilityDuplicate results by the same operator(using a second set of measured values for aromatics content,den
35、sity, and distillation data) should be considered suspect ifthe calculated hydrogen content values differ by more than thefollowing amount:Repeatability 5 0.03 % (5)7.1.2 ReproducibilityWith two independent laboratoriesmaking independent measurements of the density, aromaticscontent, and distillatio
36、n data for an identical fuel sample, thecalculated hydrogen content values should not be consideredsuspect unless they differ by more than the following amount:Reproducibility 5 0.10 % (6)7.2 BiasThe correlation equation was developed using331 fuels, 247 of which were aviation fuels (or similar ther
37、eto)and 84 of which were pure hydrocarbons, commercial productsof nearly pure hydrocarbons, and special high-temperaturefuels (HTF) produced for Air Force tests. The standard error ofestimate for the hydrogen content of all fuels is 0.20 % and foraviation type fuels is 0.16 %.NOTE 4The repeatability
38、 and reproducibility stated in this section isbased on the summation of the repeatability and reproducibility of the testmethods used in the calculations. It does not include the effect of thescatter of the original data about the regression line, described by Eq 1 andEq 2. Therefore, the possibilit
39、y that individual estimates may be in errorin excess of the precision discussed in this section should be recognized.6Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1184.FIG. 1 Nomogram for Determining F1(H2)D3343 05 (2010)3
40、8. Keywords8.1 aviation fuels; hydrogen contentASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights,
41、and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revi
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43、shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be o
44、btained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).FIG. 2 Nomogram for Determining F2(H2)D3343 05 (2010)4
