1、Designation: D3394 94 (Reapproved 2009)D3394 16Standard Test Methods forSampling and Testing Electrical Insulating Board1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3394; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the sampling and testing of electrical insulating boards. These boards are porous, u
3、sually fibroussheets used for dielectric and structural purposes in electrical apparatus.1.2 These test methods are not intended for testing vulcanized fibre or molded laminated sheets.1.3 These test methods are applicable to board materials having a nominal thickness of at least 0.030 in. (0.76 mm)
4、.NOTE 1For materials thinner than 0.030 in. (0.76 mm) see Test Methods D202.1.4 The test methods appear in the following sections:SectionsASTM MethodReferenceApparent Density 18 23Aqueous Extract Characteristics 36 42 D202Ash Content 43 46 T 413Compatibility with DielectricLiquids47 52 D664, D877, D
5、924,D971, D974, D1169,D1500, D1816,D3455, D3487Compressibility 79 85Conditioning 11 D685Degree of Polymerization 86 89 D4243Dielectric Strength in Air 53 59 D149Dielectric Strength in Oil 60 65 D149, D2413, D3426Dimensions of Sheets 12 17Moisture Content 31 35 D644Oil Absorption 72 78Reports 10Sampl
6、ing 6 9 D3636Shrinkage 24 30 D644Tensile Properties 66 71 D2021.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard doe
7、s not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1
8、 ASTM Standards:2D149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials atCommercial Power FrequenciesD202 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Untreated Paper Used for Electrical InsulationD374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electric
9、al Insulation (Metric) D0374_D0374M1 These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD09.01 on Electrical Insulating Products.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009Nov. 1, 2016. Publi
10、shed February 2010November 2016. Originally approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 20052009as D3394 94 (2005).(2009). DOI: 10.1520/D3394-94R09. 10.1520/D3394-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For A
11、nnual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not
12、be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dri
13、ve, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D586 Test Method for Ash in Pulp, Paper, and Paper Products (Withdrawn 2009)3D644 Test Method for Moisture Content of Paper and Paperboard by Oven Drying (Withdrawn 2010)3D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potent
14、iometric TitrationD685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Products for TestingD877 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using Disk ElectrodesD924 Test Method for Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor) and Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of ElectricalIns
15、ulating LiquidsD971 Test Method for Interfacial Tension of Oil Against Water by the Ring MethodD974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator TitrationD1169 Test Method for Specific Resistance (Resistivity) of Electrical Insulating LiquidsD1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum P
16、roducts (ASTM Color Scale)D1816 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using VDE ElectrodesD2413 Practice for Preparation of Insulating Paper and Board Impregnated with a Liquid DielectricD2865 Practice for Calibration of Standards and Equipment for Electrical Insulating
17、Materials TestingD3426 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials UsingImpulse WavesD3455 Test Methods for Compatibility of Construction Material with Electrical Insulating Oil of Petroleum OriginD3487 Specification for Mineral Insul
18、ating Oil Used in Electrical ApparatusD3636 Practice for Sampling and Judging Quality of Solid Electrical Insulating MaterialsD4243 Test Method for Measurement ofAverage Viscometric Degree of Polymerization of New andAged Electrical Papers andBoardsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test D
19、ata to Determine Conformance with Specifications2.2 TAPPI Standard:T 413 Determination of Ash in Paper43. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 electrical insulating boardboard, na sheet structure, usually composed of cellulosic fibers, utilized for dielectric orstructu
20、ral purposes or both in a variety of electrical apparatus. Board is herein arbitrarily differentiated from paper in that it is atleast 0.030 in. (0.76 mm) thick and is manufactured only in sheets of limited length. Other names for these products are pressboard,transformer board, fuller board, and pr
21、ess pan.4. Summary of Test Methods4.1 This standard is a compilation of test methods for electrical insulating board. Provisions are included for sampling, testing,and judging acceptability of a given quantity of board.5. Reagents5.1 Reagents shall conform to the requirements set forth in Test Metho
22、ds D202.SAMPLING6. Scope6.1 This test method covers the determination of lot acceptability of electrical insulating board. It is designed for the purposeof determining acceptability of all or that portion of a shipment to a customer identified by a manufacturers lot number. It is notintended to cove
23、r internal board mill quality control plans. The method is intended for use in conjunction with productspecifications for electrical insulating board.7. Terminology7.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:7.1.1 The descriptions of terms used in this test method, with the exception of the d
24、efinition of “unit of product,” are inaccordance with Practice D3636.7.1.2 unit of productproduct, nan entity of electrical insulating board on which one or more quality characteristics may beis determined. A unit of product may be is a sheet, pallet, box, carton, case, package, or bundle. The unit
25、of product is establishedby the customer and mayis or mayis not be the same as the unit of purchase, supply, production, or shipment.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.4 Available from Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI), 15
26、 Technology Parkway South, Norcross, GA 30092, http:/www.tappi.org.D3394 1628. Establishing Acceptable Quality Levels (AQLs)8.1 Acceptable quality levels (AQLs) for each major and minor property (as defined in Practice D3636) shall be as mutuallyagreed upon between the purchaser and the seller. In a
27、ddition, if groupAQLs may be are established for given groups of propertiesand these too shall be mutually agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.9. Selection of Sample and Identification of Lot Sample9.1 Samples shall be in accordance with Practice D3636, with the exception of those parag
28、raphs pertaining specifically to rolls,pads, or bobbins.9.2 Mark each unit of the sample so that it may be identified is identifiable at any time by the seller and the purchaser.REPORTS10. Report10.1 At the completion of all tests record the results in a test report that includes the following:10.1.
29、1 Identification (of the board sampled and tested) by lot number, type, grade, etc.,and so forth),10.1.2 Dates of testing,10.1.3 Location of the testing laboratory and the name of the person responsible for testing,10.1.4 Remarks indicating the method used and any deviation from the standard,10.1.5
30、Test results as specified in the individual method, and10.1.6 Specification limits for each property measured for the board being tested.10.2 Report the results as calculated or observed values rounded to the nearest unit in the last right-hand place of figures usedin the material specification to e
31、xpress the limiting value (see Practice E29).CONDITIONING11. Conditioning11.1 Condition samples and specimens cut from the samples (with the exception of samples taken for moisture determinationor as otherwise specified) in a circulating-air atmosphere maintained at 50 6 2 % relative humidity and a
32、temperature of 23 6 2C,using procedures as specified in MethodPractice D685.11.2 For referee purposes, the conditioning specified in 11.1 will give most consistent results. However, for routine testing underfactory or other non-standard atmospheric conditions, if the board has a moisture content wit
33、hin the range from 5 to 7 % asdetermined in Sections 31 34, there will be only slight variations from properties as determined after conditioning specifiedabove.DIMENSIONS OF SHEETS12. Apparatus12.1 ScaleA scale of suitable length graduated such that lengths, widths, and diagonals can be directly re
34、ad to within half ofthe allowable tolerance for these dimensions. The scale shall be properly calibrated in accordance with Practice D2865.12.2 Thickness-Measuring DeviceMachinist micrometer with ratchet as specified in Test Methods D374.13. Sampling13.1 Sample in accordance with Sections 6 9.14. Te
35、st Specimens14.1 Specimens for determination of length, width, and squareness of sheets shall be whole sheets. For thickness determinations,use a whole sheet may be used or, if desired, a portion of a whole sheet will serve as a specimen. If a portion is selected as aspecimen for thickness determina
36、tion, that portion shall be representative of the full width (cross-grain direction) of the sheet.14.2 Determine the dimensions as received, provided the moisture content is in the specification range for the material beingtested (see 11.2).15. Procedure15.1 Measure the length and the width of each
37、specimen to the nearest appropriate unit. Make at least two measurements in eachdirection.15.2 Measure each of the two diagonals of each specimen.D3394 16315.3 Measure the thickness in accordance with Test Methods D374, Method A. Make at least five thickness determinationsacross the sheet.NOTE 2Poin
38、ts of measurement should be are selected to include the areas most likely to be the extremes.16. Report16.1 The report shall conform to Section 10 and shall include the following:16.1.1 Sheet size, reported as the average of the measurements in each direction.16.1.2 Squareness of the sheet, reported
39、 as the quotient of the shorter diagonal divided by the longer diagonal (for convenience,squareness is expressed as a percent).NOTE 3This method of calculating squareness assumes that the sheet closely approximates a parallelogram in shape. If measurements of width orlength vary at different points,
40、 it is possible that a high squareness value may be is calculated from measurements on a sheet that differs significantly frombeing rectangular.16.1.3 Average thickness, and16.1.4 Variation in thickness, reported as the difference between the highest and the lowest thickness value obtained in 15.3.1
41、7. Precision and Bias17.1 The precision and bias of this test method are not known.APPARENT DENSITY18. Scope18.1 This test method may be is used for determination of apparent density of insulating board, using measurements ofdimensions and weight made after appropriate conditioning.18.2 Procedures a
42、re given for determining either the “wet-wet” or the “dry-dry” density.19. Significance and Use19.1 Apparent density affects the dielectric and physical characteristics of insulating board and is a factor in the economics ofits use in apparatus. This test is useful for specification, design, and qua
43、lity control purposes.20. Apparatus20.1 Scale or Calipers, graduated in units of length, with the smallest graduation equal to, or less than, 0.25 % of the smallestdimension to be measured, calibrated in accordance with Practice D2865.20.2 Balance, graduated in units of weight, with the smallest gra
44、duation equal to, or less than, 0.25 % of the specimen weight,calibrated in accordance with Recommended Practice D2865.20.3 Thickness-Measuring Device, conforming to the requirements of Test Methods D374, Method A.20.4 Oven, conforming to the requirements of Test Method D644.21. Procedure21.1 From e
45、ach unit of product in the sample obtained in accordance with Sections 6 through 9, prepare at least two rectangularspecimens having an area of at least 75 in.2 (0.05 m2) each.21.2 Procedure A: Wet-Wet DensityCondition the specimens in accordance with Section 11.21.3 Procedure B: Dry-Dry DensityDry
46、the specimens to constant weight in an oven at 105 6 3C, in accordance with TestMethod D644. Cool to room temperature, using a desiccator or other means to prevent reabsorption of moisture. Exposure to theopen air while making the measurements specified in 21.4 shall be sufficiently brief that there
47、 will not be a weight increase of morethan 0.1 % of the oven-dry weight of the specimens.21.4 Measure the width, length, and thickness in accordance with Section 15 to determine the weight of each specimen.21.5 From the dimensions and weight of each specimen, calculate the apparent density and repor
48、t the results in units of gramsper cubic centimetre, calculated as follows:Apparent density,g/cm35 weight3factorvolume (1)Weight Units Volume Units Factorg cm3 1g in.3 0.0610lb in.3 27.68D3394 16422. Report22.1 The report shall be in accordance with Section 10, and include the individual results for
49、 the apparent density of eachspecimen.23. Precision and Bias23.1 The precision and bias of this test method are not known.SHRINKAGE24. Significance and Use24.1 The dimensions of electrical insulating boards will change as a function of moisture content, which varies with changesin the ambient relative humidity or as a result of heat or vacuum used in drying operations. The suitability of a board for someparticular applications may be is affected by the magnitude and direction of these dimensional changes.24.2 The dimensional chang
