1、Designation: D3505 121D3505 18Standard Test Method forDensity or Relative Density of Pure Liquid Chemicals1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3505; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1 NOTEEditorial changes were made in Section 11.4
3、 and Section 12 in April 2013.1. Scope*1.1 This test method describes a simplified procedure for the measurement of density or relative density of pure liquid chemicalsfor which accurate temperature expansion functions are known. It is restricted to liquids having vapor pressures not exceeding 79993
4、 Pascal (0.800 bar, 600 mm Hg (0.789 atm) at the equilibration temperature, and having viscosities not exceeding 15 cSt at20C.1.2 Means are provided for reporting results in the following units:Density g/cm3 at 20CDensity g/cm3 at 20CDensity g/mL at 20CRelative density 20C/4CRelative density 15.56C/
5、15.56CDensity g/mL at 20CRelative density 20C/4CRelative density 15.56C/15.56CNOTE 1This test method is based on the old definition of 1 L = 1.000028 dm3 (1 mL = 1.000028 cm3). In 1964 the General Conference on Weightsand Measures withdrew this definition of the litre and declared that the word “lit
6、re” was a special name for the cubic decimetre, thus making 1 mL =1 cm3 exactly.NOTE 2An alternative method for determining relative density of pure liquid chemicals is Test Method D4052.1.3 The following applies to all specified limits in this test method: for purposes of determining conformance wi
7、th this testmethod, an observed value or a calculated valueIn determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicablespecifications, results shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit,in in accordance wit
8、h the rounding-off method of Practice E29.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityo
9、f the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.18., Hazards.1.6 This international standard was developed in accorda
10、nce with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Stan
11、dards:2D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD1555 Test Method for Calculation of Volume and Weight of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Cyclohexane1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on Aromatic Hydrocarbons Aromatic, Industrial, Specialty and Related Chemicals and
12、is the directresponsibility of Subcommittee D16.04 on Instrumental Analysis.Current edition approved March 1, 2012Feb. 15, 2018. Published May 2012May 2018. Originally approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 20062012 asD3505 96 (2006).D3505 121. DOI: 10.1520/D3505-12E01.10.1520/D3505-18.
13、2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to
14、 provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof
15、 the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D3437 Practice for Sampling and Handling Liq
16、uid Cyclic ProductsD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD6809 Guide for Quality Control and Quality Assurance Procedures for Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related MaterialsE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE12 Terminology
17、 Relating to Density and Specific Gravity of Solids, Liquids, and Gases (Withdrawn 1996)3E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 Other Docum
18、ent:OSHA Regulations, 29 CFR paragraphs 1910.1000 and 1910.120033. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 density, nthe mass of material per unit volume at a given temperature called the “reference temperature.” Weightcorrected to a standard acceleration of gravity and corrected for the buoyant effect of
19、air is used to measure mass. This methodspecifies the use of a beam balance to determine weight so that no correction for variation in acceleration of gravity is necessary.When a torsion or spring balance is used, such correction must be applied.3.1.2 relative density, nthe ratio of the density of t
20、he material at reference temperature “t” to the density of pure water, inconsistent units, at reference temperature t2. It is common practice to use reference temperature t1 equal to t2.3.1.2.1 Since the mass of water at 4C is very close to 1 g/mLor 1 g/cm3, it is common practice to set the referenc
21、e temperaturet2 for water at 4C. When this is done and the density of the material is given in grams per millilitre, or grams per cubic centimetre,the value of density is very nearly identical to the value for relative density. Thus, density at 20C in g/cm3 or g/mL, is nearlyidentical with relative
22、density 20C/4C.3.2 The definitions included in Terminology E12 are applicable to this test method.4. Summary of Test MethodNOTE 3See Appendix X1 for details on the method and derivation of formulas.4.1 For materials listed in Table 1 the sample is drawn into a weighed and calibrated bicapillary pycn
23、ometer. The fillerpycnometer is allowed to come to equilibrium at any convenient temperature between 10 and 30C. The equilibrium temperatureis measured to the nearest 0.02C. The weight is determined using a beam balance. The density, relative density, or commercialdensity at the desired reference te
24、mperature is then calculated from the sample weight, a calibration factor proportional to an equalvolume of water, and a multiplier which corrects for the buoyancy of air and the change in volume of the pycnometer and thesample due to deviation from the chosen reference temperature.4.2 For liquids n
25、ot listed in Table 1, the sample is equilibrated at the desired reference temperature, usually 20C or 15.56C,the density, relative density, or commercial density is then calculated from the sample weight, a calibration factor proportional toan equal volume of water and a term which corrects for the
26、buoyancy of air. In the case of volatile liquids such as pentane, thetime between reading of volume at the equilibrium temperature and weighing must not be prolonged, otherwise weight loss throughevaporation may result in errors.45. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is suitable for setting sp
27、ecification, for use as an internal quality control tool, and for use in developmentor research work on industrial aromatic hydrocarbons and related materials. In addition to the pure liquid chemicals for whichexpansion functions are known, it may also be used for liquids for which temperature expan
28、sion data are not available, or forimpure liquid chemicals if certain limitations are observed. Information derived from this test can be used to describe therelationship between weight and volume.6. Apparatus6.1 Pycnometer, 9 to 10-mLcapacity, conforming to the dimensions given in Fig. 1, construct
29、ed of borosilicate glass, and havinga total weight not exceeding 30 g.6.2 Bath, having a depth of at least 300 mm, capable of being maintained constant to 60.02C at any convenient temperaturebetween 10C and 30C. Provide a support for the pycnometer (see Fig. 2) constructed of any suitable noncorrosi
30、ve metal.NOTE 4If the laboratory air temperature does not vary more than 0.02C during temperature equilibration a special bath is not needed.3 Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gp
31、o.gov.4 For a more complete discussion on the use of this design pycnometer, see Lipken, Davidson, Harvey and Kurtz, Industrial Engineering Chemistry, Analytical Edition;Vol 16, 1944, p. 55.D3505 1826.3 Bath Thermometer, anASTM Precision Thermometer, having a range from 8 to +32C and conforming to t
32、he requirementsfor Thermometer 63C as prescribed in Specification E1.TABLE 1 PART I 20C Reference Temperature Multiplier, F20, for use in Computing Density, 12.113.1D3505 183TABLE 1 PART I ContinuedD3505 184TABLE 1 PART II 60F Reference Temperature Multiplier, F15.56, for use in Computing Density, 1
33、2.113.1D3505 185TABLE 1 PART II ContinuedD3505 1867. Reagents and Materials7.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that allreagents shall conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American
34、 Chemical Society, wheresuch specifications are available.5 Other grades may be used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently highpurity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determination.7.2 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated, references to wat
35、er shall be understood to mean reagent water conforming toType I of Specification D1193.8. Hazards8.1 Consult current OSHA regulations, suppliers Material Safety Data Sheets, and local regulations, for all materials used inthis test method. Especially be careful when using hot chromic acid solution.
36、9. Sampling and Handling9.1 Sample the material in accordance with Practice D3437.10. Preparation of Apparatus10.1 Acid Cleaning, for use when the pycnometer is to be calibrated or when liquid fails to drain cleanly from the walls of thepycnometer or its capillary. Thoroughly clean with hot chromic
37、acid solution and rinse well with reagent water conforming to TypeIIII of Specification D1193. Other safer, nontoxic, and suitable cleaning procedures may be used. Dry at 105 to 110C for at least1 h, preferably with a slow current of filtered air passing through the pycnometer.10.2 Solvent Cleaning,
38、 for use between determinations. Rinse with toluene and then with anhydrous acetone, drying with afiltered stream of dry air.11. Calibration of Apparatus11.1 Using the procedure described in Section 1112, determine the weight of freshly boiled reagent water conforming to TypeIIII of Specification D1
39、193 held by the pycnometer with the water level at each of three different scale points on the graduatedarms. Two of these water levels must be at opposite ends of the scale. Make all weighings on the same day, using the same balanceand weights.5 Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specific
40、ations, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For Suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed bythe American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia and NationalFormulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convent
41、ion, Inc. (USPC), Rockville, MD.NOTE 1The graduation lines shall extend around the entire circumference of the pycnometer at the integral numbers 0, 1, 2 cm, etc., half way aroundat the half divisions 0.5, 1.5, etc., and shorter lines for the intermediate subdivisions.FIG. 1 PycnometerD3505 18711.2
42、Calculate the volume, VT p, at each scale point tested by means of the following equation; carry all calculations in 6non-zero digits and round to 4 decimal places:NOTE 1All dimensions are in Meters.FIG. 2 Pycnometer HolderD3505 188TABLE 2 Density of WaterA , g/mlt,C 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.56 0.6
43、 0.7 0.8 0.915 0.999 13 11 10 08 07 05 04 04 02 00 *9916 0.998 97 96 94 92 91 89 87 86 84 8217 80 79 77 75 73 72 70 68 66 6418 62 61 59 57 55 53 51 49 47 4519 43 42 40 38 36 34 32 30 27 2520 23 21 19 17 15 13 11 09 07 0421 02 00 *98 *96 *93 *91 *89 *87 *85 *8222 0.997 80 78 75 73 71 69 66 64 62 5923
44、 57 54 52 50 47 45 42 40 38 3524 33 30 28 25 23 20 18 15 13 1025 08 05 02 00 *97 *95 *92 *89 *87 *842627280.996 81542679522476492173461871431568411265380963350660320357290029300.995 9868956592628959865683538050774674437240TABLE 2 Density of WaterA , g/mlC 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.56 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.90
45、0.999843 0.99985 0.999856 0.999863 0.999869 0.999875 0.99988 0.999886 0.999892 0.9998971 0.999902 0.999907 0.999911 0.999916 0.99992 0.999925 0.999929 0.999932 0.999936 0.999942 0.999943 0.999946 0.999949 0.999952 0.999955 0.999957 0.99996 0.999962 0.999964 0.9999653 0.999967 0.999969 0.99997 0.9999
46、71 0.999972 0.999973 0.999974 0.999974 0.999975 0.9999754 0.999975 0.999975 0.999974 0.999974 0.999973 0.999973 0.999972 0.999971 0.99997 0.9999685 0.999967 0.999965 0.999963 0.999961 0.999959 0.999957 0.999954 0.999952 0.999949 0.9999466 0.999943 0.99994 0.999936 0.999933 0.999929 0.999925 0.999922
47、 0.999917 0.999913 0.9999097 0.999904 0.9999 0.999895 0.99989 0.999885 0.999879 0.999874 0.999868 0.999863 0.9998578 0.999851 0.999845 0.999839 0.999832 0.999826 0.999819 0.999812 0.999805 0.999798 0.9997919 0.999784 0.999776 0.999768 0.999761 0.999753 0.999745 0.999737 0.999728 0.99972 0.99971110 0
48、.999702 0.999694 0.999685 0.999675 0.999666 0.999657 0.999647 0.999638 0.999628 0.99961811 0.999608 0.999598 0.999587 0.999577 0.999566 0.999556 0.999545 0.999534 0.999523 0.99951212 0.9995 0.999489 0.999477 0.999466 0.999454 0.999442 0.99943 0.999417 0.999405 0.99939313 0.99938 0.999367 0.999355 0.
49、999342 0.999328 0.999315 0.999302 0.999288 0.999275 0.99926114 0.999247 0.999233 0.999219 0.999205 0.999191 0.999176 0.999162 0.999147 0.999133 0.99911815 0.999103 0.999087 0.999072 0.999057 0.999041 0.999026 0.9990164 0.99901 0.998994 0.998978 0.99896216 0.998946 0.99893 0.998913 0.998897 0.99888 0.998863 0.998847 0.99883 0.998813 0.99879517 0.998778 0.998761 0.998743 0.998725 0.998708 0.99869 0.998672 0.998654 0.998635 0.99861718 0.998599 0.99858 0.998561 0.998543 0.998524 0.998505 0.998486 0.998467 0.998447 0.998428
