1、Designation: D3521 86 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Test Method forSurface Wax Coating On Corrugated Board1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3521; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi
2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers determination of the weight ofwax that is present as a coating on the surface of corrugatedboard. This
3、method is applicable to board to which wax hasbeen applied by curtain coating, roll coating, or other methods;the substrate board may or may not contain impregnating(saturating) wax within its structure.NOTE 1If it is known that the specimen has coating wax only, with nointernal saturating wax, the
4、total coating wax applied may be determinedby Test Method D3344.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.1.2.1 ExceptionThe values given in parentheses are pro-vided for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associate
5、d with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles o
6、n standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D585 Practice for Sampling and Acceptin
7、g a Single Lot ofPaper, Paperboard, Fiberboard, and Related Product(Withdrawn 2010)3D3344 Test Method for Total Wax Content of CorrugatedPaperboard3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 weight of wax coatingthe weight of wax present asa surface film on corrugated paperboard, expressed as weightper unit
8、 area, usually grams per square metre or pounds ofcoating per thousand feet of board covered.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThis definition excludes any portion ofwax that is located below the surface, that may have beenpermitted to soak into the fibrous paperboard structure.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The amou
9、nt of wax present as a coating on the surfaceis determined by delaminating the coated facing to obtain aripple-free sheet, then scraping off the wax using a razor bladeand calculating the wax removed.5. Significance and Use5.1 Wax coatings are applied to corrugated board to providea better barrier a
10、gainst moisture or other agents or to provideimproved appearance or abrasion resistance. These perfor-mance features are influenced by the amount of wax present onthe surface.5.2 During most coating operations, the major portion of thewax applied will congeal on the surface, while a minorproportion
11、will migrate into and become embedded in thefibers of the facing. This method measures only the portion onthe surface.6. Apparatus6.1 Sample-Trimming EquipmentA suitable trimmingboard or template arrangement equipped with a razor edgeknife for even cutting of specimens to required size, withparallel
12、 sides. (A guillotine-type paper cutter is not recom-mended.)6.2 Measuring Rule, steel edged, for measuring the size ofspecimen to within 0.5 mm.6.3 Razor Blades, common single-edge, having a rigid rimfor holding in the fingers. The blade is used for surface waxscraping and an adequate supply of fre
13、sh blades with sharpedges is required.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.10.0A on Physical/Chemical PropertiesCurrent edition approved June 1, 2017. Published July 201
14、7. Originally approvedin 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D3521 86 (2012). DOI:10.1520/D3521-86R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to th
15、e standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accor
16、dance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.16.4 Analytical Balance, reading
17、to nearest 1 mg.7. Sampling and Test Specimen7.1 From each test unit, obtained in accordance with Prac-tice D585, that is, each finished carton blank or paperboardsheet, cut specimens free from obvious defects. Each specimenshould measure 100 mm by 100 mm, cut to the nearest 0.5 mm.Record the area o
18、f the surface to be tested, and whether it is aninside or outside facing. Duplicate specimens are required fromeach sample unit.NOTE 2The operator may be required to increase the replication andtreatment of specimens to obtain a better estimate of “average” waxloading, (1) if the waxing is at an ext
19、remely low level, or (2) if the waxloading shows obvious wide variations in distribution over the board area.NOTE 3Optionally, specimens of other dimensions may be used ifrequired by sampling limitations. In such cases, calculations need to beappropriately adjusted.7.2 Condition all boards at 23 C (
20、73 F) and 50 % relativehumidity for a minimum of 48 h before beginning test proce-dure.8. Procedure8.1 Take each duplicate specimen and separate the coatedfacing from the combined board as follows:8.1.1 Delaminate the fibers of the facing in a manner thatcauses minimum disturbance of the surface coa
21、ting and pro-duces a thin continuous paper sheet. To do this, pry with afingernail or blade at the corner of the specimen to startseparating the fibers within the facing itself, then pull todelaminate, maintaining a low angle and a diagonal direction.Mark the reverse side to identify the specimen nu
22、mber. Weighthe duplicate delaminated pieces together before scraping andrecord the weight to the nearest 1 mg.NOTE 4For some types of combined board, the surface is smooth andfree of ridges. In such cases, delamination of the liner may not benecessary.8.2 Remove the surface wax from the surface of e
23、achdelaminated piece by scraping the wax in four separateoperations as follows:8.2.1 Place the delaminated piece on a smooth hard surfacesuch as a glass plate. Using a fresh razor blade for each test(100 cm2total), begin scraping in the direction parallel to theflutes as seen by the residual impress
24、ions. Hold the blade sothat it is drawn toward the operator and is held close to thevertical. Place the blade so that it covers the width of the firstflute. Use a moderately firm stroke and completely traverse thesection of the specimen on one steady motion. It is importantto do thorough scraping to
25、 ensure that there is no surface filmof wax remaining. In removing the wax film it is acceptable toalso remove a minor amount of paper fibers, but avoidexcessive removal of fibers (see Note 5). After the first stroke,move the blade to cover an additional portion of the specimenabout the width of the
26、 next flute impression and repeat thescraping stroke. Proceed across the specimen discarding thewax scrapings but preserving the integrity of the paper sheet.NOTE 5The minor amount of fibers removed with the wax scrapingsmay be ignored; this error tends to cancel the error of incomplete scraping.Tes
27、ts indicate that with normal surface scraping the fibers scraped offshould constitute only about 5 % of the weight of the scrapings.8.2.2 After completing the uniform scraping in onedirection, then turn the specimen by 90 and repeat theprogressive scraping. Continue turning and scraping throughthe n
28、ext 90 and the last 90 to complete the full rotation.Finally, inspect the specimen carefully to detect any areas withremaining surface wax and re-scrape such areas.8.2.3 Carry out the same procedure with the duplicate facingspecimen. Weigh the scraped specimens together and recordthe weight loss to
29、the nearest 1 mg.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the weight of surface coating on the facing, a,in g/m2, as follows:a 5c 2 db(1)where:b = specimen area, total, m2,c = weight of duplicate delaminated facings, beforescraping, g, andd = weight of facings, after scraping, g.10. Report10.1 Identify which fac
30、ing of the corrugated board wastested and reportSurface Coating on Facing in grams persquare metre. If desired, the surface coating weight may bereported in pounds per thousand square feet by multiplying dby 0.205.11. Precision and Bias11.1 The precision of this test method as obtained bystatistical
31、 examination of interlaboratory test results is asfollows:11.1.1 RepeatabilityThe difference between successivetest results, obtained by the same operator with the sameapparatus under constant operating conditions on identical testmaterial, would in the long run, in the normal and correctoperation o
32、f the test method, exceed the following values onlyin one case in twenty:15% of the mean11.1.2 ReproducibilityThe difference between two singleand independent results, obtained by different operators work-ing in different laboratories on identical test material, would inthe long run, in the normal a
33、nd correct operation of the testmethod, exceed the following values only in one case intwenty:24% of the mean11.2 Precision has been determined by interlaboratory test-ing of corrugated board samples of two types: (1) having thecoating applied to plain untreated board, and (2) having thecoating appl
34、ied to board previously partially impregnated(saturated) with wax.D3521 86 (2017)211.3 Due to the high degree of normal variability fromspecimen to specimen, close precision may be difficult toobtain. In cases where close precision is needed or precision issuspect, multiple sampling and testing shou
35、ld be done.11.4 BiasThe procedure for measuring surface wax oncorrugated board has no bias because the value for the surfacewax can be defined only in terms of a test method.12. Keywords12.1 coating; corrugated; waxASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights ass
36、erted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time b
37、y the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will rece
38、ive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM Inte
39、rnational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 86 (2017)3
