1、Designation: D 3575 00e1Standard Test Methods forFlexible Cellular Materials Made From Olefin Polymers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3575; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev
2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.e1NOTEA note was added editorially to Section 30 in June
3、 2001.1. Scope1.1 These test methods apply to flexible closed cell materi-als made from olefin polymers or blends of olefin polymerswith other polymers as defined in Section 3.1.2 This test method covers test procedures only. Productrequirements are outlined in Specification D 4819.1.3 Unless specif
4、ically stated otherwise, by agreement be-tween the purchaser and supplier, all tests shall be performed inaccordance with the test methods specified in this standard.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety con
5、cerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility or regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C 177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat
6、 Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means ofthe Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus2C 518 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means ofthe Heat Flow Meter Apparatus2D 412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-plastic Rubbe
7、rs and Thermoplastic ElastomersTension3D 624 Test Method for Tear Strength of ConventionalVulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers3D 1056 Specification for Flexible Cellular MaterialsSponge or Expanded Rubber4D 1349 Practice for RubberStandard Temperatures forTesting3D1596 Test Method for Abso
8、rbing Shock CushioningCharacteristics of Package Cushioning Materials5D 1667 Specification for Flexible Cellular MaterialsVinyl Chloride Polymers and Copolymers (Closed-CellFoam)4D 2863 Test Method for Measuring the Minimum OxygenConcentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion ofPlastics (Oxygen Ind
9、ex)6D 4483 Practice for Determining Precision for Test MethodStandards in the Rubber and Carbon Black Industries3D 4819 Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials Madefrom Polyolefin Plastics7F 355 Test Method for Shock-Absorbing Properties of Play-ing Surface Systems and Materials83. Terminology
10、3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 blendmixture of olefin polymers with other mono-mer(s) or polymer(s) in which at least 51 mass percent is theolefin polymer.3.1.2 cellular material, flexiblea cellular organic poly-meric material that will not rupture when a specimen 200 by 25
11、by 25 mm (8 by 1 by 1 in.) is bent around a 25-mm (1-in.)diameter mandrel at a uniform rate of one lap in 5 s at atemperature between 18 and 29C.3.1.3 constant compression creepthe time-dependentchange in thickness of a material under a constant compressivestress or compression force.3.1.4 olefin po
12、lymerspolymers made by the polymeriza-tion of olefins or copolymerization of olefins with othermonomers, the olefins being at least 51 mass percent.4. Summary of Test Methods4.1 Table 1 contains a list of all the assigned suffix lettersthat may be used in describing the cellular products covered byt
13、hese test methods.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on CellularMaterials - Plastics and Elastomers.Current edition approved Aug. 10, 2000. Published November 2000. Originallypublished as D 3575 77.
14、 Last previous edition D 3575 93.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.06.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.6Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.7Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.03.8Annual Book of
15、 ASTM Standards, Vol 15.07.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.2 These test methods do not contain test methods for allthe suffix letters listed in Table 1. Where the test method is notincluded, it shall be arranged bet
16、ween the purchaser andsupplier.4.3 Test methods included in this standard are indicated inTable 1 by showing the applicable section numbers after thesuffix letter.4.4 In cases involving referee decisions, SI units shall beused.5. Significance and Use5.1 The test procedures provide a standard method
17、ofobtaining data for research and development, quality control,acceptance and rejection under specifications, and specialpurposes.5.2 The data obtained by these test methods are applicableto the material under conditions of the particular test and arenot necessarily the same as obtained in other env
18、ironments oruse conditions.6. Sampling6.1 When possible, use the completed manufactured prod-uct for the tests specified. Randomly select representativesamples of the lot being examined, as required.6.2 Extruded or molded shapes or sizes too small for cuttingstandard test specimens are difficult to
19、classify or test by thesetest methods and will usually require special testing proceduresor the use of standard test sheets.6.3 When it is necessary or advisable to obtain test speci-mens from the article, as in those cases where the entire sampleis not required or adaptable for testing, specify the
20、 method ofcutting and the exact position from which specimens are to betaken. The apparent density and the state of crosslinking mayvary in different parts of the finished product, especially if thearticle is of complicated shape or of varying thickness, andthese factors affect the physical properti
21、es of the specimens.Also, the apparent density is affected by the number of cutsurfaces as opposed to the number of skin-covered surfaces onthe test specimen.6.4 When the finished product does not lend itself to testingor to the taking of test specimens because of complicatedshape, small size, metal
22、 or fabric inserts, solid covers, adhesionto metal, or other reasons, prepare standard test sheets. Whendifferences due to the difficulty in obtaining suitable testspecimens from the finished part arise, the manufacturer andpurchaser may agree on acceptable deviations. This can bedone by comparing t
23、he results of standard test specimens andthose obtained on actual parts.6.5 If the material to be tested is anisotropic, prepare the testspecimens so as to measure the property in the direction ofinterest in the application.7. Conditioning7.1 Conduct tests under known conditions of temperatureand hu
24、midity or as specified in the individual test procedure. Incase of dispute, conduct the test at a temperature of 23 6 2C(73.4 6 3.6F) and in an atmosphere of 50 6 5 % relativehumidity. The product shall be conditioned, undeflected, andundistorted, at the temperature and humidity of test for at least
25、24 h before being tested.7.2 It is recommended, for referee purposes, that all testsshall be performed 96 h or more after the foam has beenmanufactured.8. Measurement of Test Specimens8.1 Measure dimensions up to and including 25 mm (1 in.)using a dial-type gage with a minimum foot area of 650 mm2(1
26、 in.2). Pressure on the foot shall be held to 190 6 50 Pa(0.028 6 0.007 psi).NOTE 1Where foam is appreciably compressed by this test method,foot area and loading shall be as agreed upon between the purchaser andthe supplier.NOTE 2Thickness of materials having irregular surface characteristicsshall b
27、e measured as agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.8.2 Dimensions over 25 mm (1 in.) may be measured witha dial gage, scale, or tape. Take care not to distort the testspecimen.8.3 The scale, tape, or gage shall be graduated to permitmeasurements within 61 % of the dimension to be measu
28、red.8.4 Results reported shall be the average of a minimum ofthree equally spaced measurements of length and width and forthickness shall be the average of the center and four equallyspaced measurements around the perimeter of the specimens.TABLE 1 Suffix Letter DesignationsNOTE 1These suffix letter
29、s have been assigned by SubcommitteeD11.33 and are consistent with those in Specifications D 1056 andD 1667.SuffixLetterProperty SectionA Heat resistance 10-16B Compression set under constant deflectionC Ozone or weather resistanceD Compression deflection 17-23E Oil resistanceF Low temperatureG Tear
30、 resistance 24H Flex resistanceI Not assigned because of similarity tonumeral 1J Abrasion resistanceK Adhesion capabilityL Water absorption 25-29M Flammability resistance 31N Impact resistanceO Electrical propertiesP Staining resistanceQ Not assigned because of similarity toletter OR1 ResilienceR2 E
31、nergy absorption 32S Thermal stability 33-39T Tensile strength and elongation 40U Not assignedV Thermal conductivity 41 and 42W Density 43X Not assignedY Not assignedZ Special requirementsAA Buoyancy 45-50BB Constant compressive creep 51-58CC Dynamic cushioning 59DD Open cellEE Not assignedFF Water
32、vapor transmissionD357500e129. Precision9.1 The repeatability standard deviations for each testmethod has been determined. The reproducibility of these testmethods is being determined and will be available on or beforeApril 2005.NOTE 3The repeatability study was performed on two materials intwo labo
33、ratories. For density (Method B), buoyancy, and compressioncreep, the material tested was a typical 64-kg/m3density, crosslinkedclosed-cell olefin. For density (Method A), compression deflection,thermal stability, and water absorption, the material tested was a typical32-kg/m3density, crosslinked cl
34、osed-cell olefin.Suffix TestsSuffix BCompression Set Under Constant Deflection10. Scope10.1 This test method covers the deflection of the foamspecimen under a compressive force and under specifiedconditions of time and temperature, then noting the effect onthe thickness of the specimen after releasi
35、ng the compressiveforce.11. Apparatus11.1 Compression Device, consisting of two or more flatplates arranged so the plates are held parallel to each other bybolts or clamps, and the space between the plates is adjustableto the required deflection thickness by means of spacers.12. Test Specimens12.1 T
36、he test specimens shall have parallel top and bottomsurfaces and essentially perpendicular sides.12.2 Specimens shall be 50 by 50 by 25 mm (2 by 2 by 1 in.)unless otherwise specified. Specimens less than 25 mm inthickness shall be plied up, without the use of an adhesive, toproduce a total thickness
37、 of 25 mm.NOTE 4To obtain accurate data when testing foams with large cells orirregular surfaces, or both, larger samples approximately 100 by 100 by 25mm (4 by 4 by 1 in.) are recommended.13. Number of Specimens13.1 Test three specimens for each sample. The valuesreported shall be the mean of those
38、 observed. If any valuedeviates more than 20 % from this mean, test two additionalspecimens and report the mean for all five values.14. Procedure14.1 Perform the entire test procedure at 23 6 2C (73.4 63.6F) and in an atmosphere of 50 6 5 % relative humidity.NOTE 5See Practice D 1349 if conditions o
39、ther than these are desired.14.2 Measure the test specimen original thickness (to)inaccordance with the procedure in Section 8.14.3 Place the test specimen in the apparatus and compres-sively deflect it to 50 % of its thickness.14.4 Allow the test specimen to remain deflected in theapparatus for 22
40、h.14.5 Remove the specimen from the test apparatus at theend of the 22-h period. Measure the final thickness ( tf) after 24h of recovery.15. Calculation15.1 Calculate the constant deflection compression set,expressed as a percentage of the original thickness, as follows:Cd5to tf!to3 100 (1)where:Cd=
41、 compression set expressed as a percent of the origi-nal thickness,to= original thickness, mm (in.), andtf= thickness of the specimen after the specified recoveryperiod, mm. (in.)16. Report16.1 Report the average compression set value, of the threespecimens tested, for each sample, except as noted i
42、n 14.1.17. Precision17.1 The repeatability standard deviation has been deter-mined to be 2.06. The reproducibility of this test method isbeing determined and will be available on or beforeApril 2005.Values of data ranged from 14.36 to 21.37.Compression Set1 14.362 14.893 15.034 15.25 15.226 15.457 1
43、5.668 16.949 17.4510 21.37Average 16.157Standard deviation 2.06Suffix DCompression Deflection (Also called LoadDeflection or Compressive Strength)18. Scope18.1 This test method covers the measurement of the forcenecessary to produce a 25 % compression over the entire toparea of the foam specimen.NOT
44、E 6Compression deflection tests other than at 25 % may bespecified as agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.19. Apparatus19.1 An apparatus shall be provided having a flat compres-sion foot, larger than the specimen to be tested, connected to aforce-measuring device and mounted in a mann
45、er such that theproduct or specimen can be deflected (compressed) at a speedof 0.2 to 4 mm/s (0.5 to 2 in./min). The apparatus shall bearranged to support the specimen on a level horizontal plate.20. Test Specimens20.1 The test specimen shall be a right cylinder with paralleltop and bottom surfaces.
46、 The thickness shall be no greater than75 % of the minimum top dimension.20.2 Specimens shall be a minimum of 2500 mm2(4 in.2)inarea and have a minimum thickness of 25 mm (1 in.).D357500e13Specimens less than 25 mm thick shall be plied up, without theuse of cement, to a minimum of 25 mm.NOTE 7Specim
47、ens less than 25 mm (1 in.) thick may be testedwithout being plied up, but the thickness must be specified.21. Number of Specimens21.1 Test three specimens for each sample. The valuesreported shall be the mean of those observed. If any valuedeviates more than 20 % from this mean, test two additional
48、specimens and report the mean for all five values.22. Procedure22.1 Place the specimen centered in the line of the axial loadon the supporting plate of the apparatus.22.2 Bring the compression foot into contact with thespecimen and determine the thickness after applying a totalpretest-pressure of 19
49、0 6 50 Pa (0.028 6 0.007 psi) to thespecimen area. Compress the specimen 25 6 0.5 % of thisthickness at 12.5 mm/min (0.5 in./min) and take the reading ofthe load immediately, unless another speed is specified.NOTE 8Where foam is appreciably compressed by this pretest-pressure, foot area and loading shall be as agreed upon between thepurchaser and the supplier.23. Calculation23.1 Calculate the 25 % compression deflection force, perunit area of specimen, expressed as kilopascals (or pounds-force per square inch), as follows:CD 5FA(2)where:CD = compression def
