1、Designation: D 3575 08Standard Test Methods forFlexible Cellular Materials Made From Olefin Polymers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3575; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revis
2、ion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods apply to flexible closed cell materi-als made from olefin polymers or blends of olefin polymerswith other po
3、lymers as defined in Section 3.1.2 These test methods cover test procedures only. Productrequirements are outlined in Specification D 4819.1.3 Unless specifically stated otherwise, by agreement be-tween the purchaser and supplier, all tests shall be performed inaccordance with the test methods speci
4、fied in this standard.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practic
5、es and determine the applica-bility or regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1This standard and ISO 7214 address the same subject matter,but differ in technical content.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission P
6、roperties by Means ofthe Guarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusC 518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal TransmissionProperties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter ApparatusD 412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-plastic ElastomersTensionD 624 Test Method for Tear Strength of ConventionalVulcanized Ru
7、bber and Thermoplastic ElastomersD 1056 Specification for Flexible Cellular MaterialsSponge or Expanded Rubber,D 1349 Practice for RubberStandard Temperatures forTestingD 1596 Test Method for Dynamic Shock Cushioning Char-acteristics of Packaging MaterialD 1667 Specification for Flexible Cellular Ma
8、terialsPoly(Vinyl Chloride) Foam (Closed-Cell)D 2863 Test Method for Measuring the Minimum OxygenConcentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion ofPlastics (Oxygen Index)D 4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test MethodStandards in the Rubber and Carbon Black ManufacturingIndustriesD 4819 Spe
9、cification for Flexible Cellular Materials MadeFrom Polyolefin PlasticsF 355 Test Method for Shock-Absorbing Properties of Play-ing Surface Systems and Materials3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 blendmixture of olefin polymers with other mono-mer(s) or polymer(s)
10、 in which at least 51 mass percent is theolefin polymer.3.1.2 cellular material, flexiblea cellular organic poly-meric material that will not rupture when a specimen 200 by 25by 25 mm (8 by 1 by 1 in.) is bent around a 25-mm (1-in.)diameter mandrel at a uniform rate of one lap in 5 s at atemperature
11、 between 18 and 29C.3.1.3 constant compression creepthe time-dependentchange in thickness of a material under a constant compressivestress or compression force.3.1.4 olefin polymerspolymers made by the polymeriza-tion of olefins or copolymerization of olefins with othermonomers, the olefins being at
12、 least 51 mass percent.4. Summary of Test Methods4.1 Table 1 contains a list of all the assigned suffix lettersthat may be used in describing the cellular products covered bythese test methods.4.2 These test methods do not contain test methods for allthe suffix letters listed in Table 1. Where the t
13、est method is notincluded, it shall be arranged between the purchaser andsupplier.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on CellularMaterials - Plastics and Elastomers.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2
14、008. Published February 2008. Originallyapproved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D3575 - 00e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the
15、 standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.3 Test methods included in this standard are indicated inTable 1 by showing the applicable section numbers after thesuffix letter.4
16、.4 In cases involving referee decisions, SI units shall beused.5. Significance and Use5.1 The test procedures provide a standard method ofobtaining data for research and development, quality control,acceptance and rejection under specifications, and specialpurposes.5.2 The data obtained by these tes
17、t methods are applicableto the material under conditions of the particular test and arenot necessarily the same as obtained in other environments oruse conditions.6. Sampling6.1 When possible, use the completed manufactured prod-uct for the tests specified. Randomly select representativesamples of t
18、he lot being examined, as required.6.2 Extruded or molded shapes or sizes too small for cuttingstandard test specimens are difficult to classify or test by thesetest methods and will usually require special testing proceduresor the use of standard test sheets.6.3 When it is necessary or advisable to
19、 obtain test speci-mens from the article, as in those cases where the entire sampleis not required or adaptable for testing, specify the method ofcutting and the exact position from which specimens are to betaken. The apparent density and the state of crosslinking mayvary in different parts of the f
20、inished product, especially if thearticle is of complicated shape or of varying thickness, andthese factors affect the physical properties of the specimens.Also, the apparent density is affected by the number of cutsurfaces as opposed to the number of skin-covered surfaces onthe test specimen.6.4 Wh
21、en the finished product does not lend itself to testingor to the taking of test specimens because of complicatedshape, small size, metal or fabric inserts, solid covers, adhesionto metal, or other reasons, prepare standard test sheets. Whendifferences due to the difficulty in obtaining suitable test
22、specimens from the finished part arise, the manufacturer andpurchaser may agree on acceptable deviations. This can bedone by comparing the results of standard test specimens andthose obtained on actual parts.6.5 If the material to be tested is anisotropic, prepare the testspecimens so as to measure
23、the property in the direction ofinterest in the application.7. Conditioning7.1 Conduct tests under known conditions of temperatureand humidity or as specified in the individual test procedure. Incase of dispute, conduct the test at a temperature of 23 6 2C(73.4 6 3.6F) and in an atmosphere of 50 6 5
24、 % relativehumidity. The product shall be conditioned, undeflected, andundistorted, at the temperature and humidity of test for at least24 h before being tested.7.2 It is recommended, for referee purposes, that all testsshall be performed 96 h or more after the foam has beenmanufactured.8. Measureme
25、nt of Test Specimens8.1 Measure dimensions up to and including 25 mm (1 in.)using a dial-type gauge with a minimum foot area of 650 mm2(1 in.2). Pressure on the foot shall be held to 190 6 50 Pa(0.028 6 0.007 psi).NOTE 2Where foam is appreciably compressed by this test method,foot area and loading s
26、hall be as agreed upon between the purchaser andthe supplier.NOTE 3Thickness of materials having irregular surface characteristicsshall be measured as agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.8.2 Dimensions over 25 mm (1 in.) may be measured witha dial gauge, scale, or tape. Take care not
27、to distort the testspecimen.8.3 The scale, tape, or gauge shall be graduated to permitmeasurements within 61 % of the dimension to be measured.8.4 Results reported shall be the average of a minimum ofthree equally spaced measurements of length and width and forthickness shall be the average of the c
28、enter and four equallyspaced measurements around the perimeter of the specimens.TABLE 1 Suffix Letter DesignationsNOTE 1These suffix letters have been assigned by SubcommitteeD11.33 and are consistent with those in Specifications D 1056 andD 1667.SuffixLetterProperty SectionA Heat resistance 10-17B
29、Compression set under constant deflectionC Ozone or weather resistanceD Compression deflection 18-25E Oil resistanceF Low temperatureG Tear resistance 26H Flex resistanceI Not assigned because of similarity tonumeral 1J Abrasion resistanceK Adhesion capabilityL Water absorption 27-33M Flammability r
30、esistance 34N Impact resistanceO Electrical propertiesP Staining resistanceQ Not assigned because of similarity toletter OR1 ResilienceR2 Energy absorption 35S Thermal stability 36-43T Tensile strength and elongation 44U Not assignedV Thermal conductivity 45 and 46W Density 47-50X Not assignedY Not
31、assignedZ Special requirementsAA Buoyancy 51-57BB Constant compressive creep 58-65CC Dynamic cushioning 66 and 67DD Open cellEE Not assignedFF Water vapor transmissionD35750829. Precision9.1 The repeatability standard deviations for each testmethod has been determined. The reproducibility of these t
32、estmethods is being determined and will be available on or beforeDecember 2009.NOTE 4The repeatability study was performed on two materials intwo laboratories. For density (Method B), buoyancy, and compressioncreep, the material tested was a typical 64-kg/m3density, crosslinkedclosed-cell olefin. Fo
33、r density (Method A), compression deflection,thermal stability, and water absorption, the material tested was a typical32-kg/m3density, crosslinked closed-cell olefin.Suffix TestsSuffix BCompression Set Under Constant Deflection10. Scope10.1 This test method covers the deflection of the foamspecimen
34、 under a compressive force and under specifiedconditions of time and temperature, then noting the effect onthe thickness of the specimen after releasing the compressiveforce.11. Apparatus11.1 Compression Device, consisting of two or more flatplates arranged so the plates are held parallel to each ot
35、her bybolts or clamps, and the space between the plates is adjustableto the required deflection thickness by means of spacers.12. Test Specimens12.1 The test specimens shall have parallel top and bottomsurfaces and essentially perpendicular sides.12.2 Specimens shall be 50 by 50 by 25 mm (2 by 2 by
36、1 in.)unless otherwise specified. Specimens less than 25 mm inthickness shall be plied up, without the use of an adhesive, toproduce a total thickness of 25 mm.NOTE 5To obtain accurate data when testing foams with large cells orirregular surfaces, or both, larger samples approximately 100 by 100 by
37、25mm (4 by 4 by 1 in.) are recommended.13. Number of Specimens13.1 Test three specimens for each sample. The valuesreported shall be the mean of those observed. If any valuedeviates more than 20 % from this mean, test two additionalspecimens and report the mean for all five values.14. Procedure14.1
38、Perform the entire test procedure at 23 6 2C (73.4 63.6F).NOTE 6See Practice D 1349 if conditions other than these are desired.14.2 Measure the test specimen original thickness (to)inaccordance with the procedure in Section 8.14.3 Place the test specimen in the apparatus and compres-sively deflect i
39、t to 50 % 6 1 % of its thickness.14.4 Allow the test specimen to remain deflected in theapparatus for 22 h 6 30 minutes.14.5 Remove the specimen from the test apparatus at theend of the 22-h period. Measure the final thickness ( tf) after 24h 6 30 minutes of recovery.15. Calculation15.1 Calculate th
40、e constant deflection compression set,expressed as a percentage of the original thickness, as follows:Cd5to tf!to3 100 (1)where:Cd= compression set expressed as a percent of the originalthickness,to= original thickness, mm (in.), andtf= thickness of the specimen after the specified recoveryperiod, m
41、m. (in.)16. Report16.1 Report the average compression set value, of the threespecimens tested, for each sample, except as noted in 14.1.17. Precision17.1 The repeatability standard deviation has been deter-mined to be 2.06. The reproducibility of this test method isbeing determined and will be avail
42、able on or before July 2008.Values of data ranged from 14.36 to 21.37.Compression Set1 14.362 14.893 15.034 15.25 15.226 15.457 15.668 16.949 17.4510 21.37Average 16.157Standard deviation 2.06Suffix DCompression Deflection (Also called LoadDeflection or Compressive Strength)18. Scope18.1 This test m
43、ethod covers the measurement of the forcenecessary to produce a 25 % compression over the entire toparea of the foam specimen.NOTE 7Compression deflection tests other than at 25 % may bespecified as agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.19. Apparatus19.1 An apparatus shall be provided h
44、aving a flat compres-sion foot, larger than the specimen to be tested, connected to aforce-measuring device and mounted in a manner such that theproduct or specimen can be deflected (compressed) at a speedof 0.2 to 4 mm/s (0.5 to 2 in./min). The apparatus shall bearranged to support the specimen on
45、a level horizontal plate.20. Test Specimens20.1 The test specimen shall be 50 by 50 by 25 mm (2 by 2by 1 in.) with parallel top and bottom surfaces. The thicknessshall be no greater than 75 % of the minimum top dimension.20.2 Specimens shall be a minimum of 2500 mm2(4 in.2)inarea and have a minimum
46、thickness of 25 mm (1 in.).D3575083Specimens less than 25 mm thick shall be plied up, without theuse of cement, to a minimum of 25 mm.NOTE 8Specimens less than 25 mm (1 in.) thick may be testedwithout being plied up, but the thickness must be specified.21. Number of Specimens21.1 Test three specimen
47、s for each sample. The valuesreported shall be the mean of those observed. If any valuedeviates more than 20 % from this mean, test two additionalspecimens and report the mean for all five values.22. Procedure22.1 Place the specimen centered in the line of the axial loadon the supporting plate of th
48、e apparatus.22.2 Bring the compression foot into contact with thespecimen and determine the thickness after applying a totalpretest-pressure of 190 6 50 Pa (0.028 6 0.007 psi) to thespecimen area. Compress the specimen 25 6 0.5 % of thisthickness at 12.5 mm/min (0.5 in./min) and take the reading oft
49、he load immediately, unless another speed is specified.NOTE 9Where foam is appreciably compressed by this pretest-pressure, foot area and loading shall be as agreed upon between thepurchaser and the supplier.23. Calculation23.1 Calculate the 25 % compression deflection force, perunit area of specimen, expressed as kilopascals (or pounds-force per square inch), as follows:CD 5FA(2)where:CD = compression deflection force per unit of specimenarea, kPa (psi),F = force required to compress the specimen 25 % of thethickness as measured in 8.2, N (lbf), andA = speci
