1、Designation: D 3751 94 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Practice forEvaluation of Furniture Polish1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3751; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A nu
2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the definition of properties to testand the apparatus to use in evaluating the performance offurniture polishes.1.2
3、This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Terminology2.1 D
4、efinition:2.1.1 furniture polisha polish used for cleaning and im-proving the appearance of furniture finishes.3. Significance and Use3.1 This practice defines the properties to be tested, theapparatus to be used, and the comparisons of product perfor-mance. It is recognized that considerable discre
5、tion existsamong formulators and marketers of furniture polish on whichproperties or performance characteristics are best for theirproducts. This practice will be flexible to honor this fact withinthe confines of the furniture polish definition below.3.2 The methods of testing are subjective and emp
6、irical inorder to conform to the basic characteristics of the industry andto allow flexibility in testing.4. Apparatus and Materials4.1 Control Polish, selected subjectively for comparison tothe test polish. It may be a competitive product, a modifiedformulation of the test polish, etc. The one stip
7、ulation is thatthe control polish be of the same or similar type as the testpolish. For example, if the test polish is an aerosol emulsionpolish, the control shall be an aerosol emulsion polish. It wouldnot be meaningful to select a paste or liquid product as acontrol for comparison to an aerosol em
8、ulsion test polish.4.2 Test Substrate for which the test polish is intended. Thetest surface shall be in good physical condition, not badlycracked, scratched, or otherwise damaged so as to interferewith evaluation of polish properties. The minimum test surfacearea for each sample shall be 200 in.2(1
9、290 cm2).4.3 Polishing ClothMaterials such as washed cheesecloth, rumple cloth, flannel, cotton diaper cloth, and nonwovenfabrics are suitable for this purpose. The same type polishingcloth should be used with each sample tested. Use separatecloths for each sample. Do not use felt or paper.4.4 Clean
10、ing Solvent, aliphatic, with kauri-butanol valuesless than 38.4.5 Eye Droppers and Tap Water.5. Test Specimen5.1 The test specimen shall be the sample of polish to betested.6. Selection of Testers6.1 The application and evaluation of the test and controlpolishes requires four individuals. They shall
11、 be capable ofmaking discriminating judgments of subjective, physical, andaesthetic properties. Training and orientation to specific prod-uct performance characteristics may be required.6.2 Each person applies the polishes to one of the four testpanels. The tester then rates all properties except ap
12、plicationproperties on the remaining three panels that they did notpolish. The person applying the polishes rates ease of use andother application properties. This means there will be only fourreadings on application properties. The three rating the otherpolish properties do not observe the applicat
13、ion because theyrate properties of each polish “blind.”7. Procedure7.1 Cleaning of Test SubstratesUse an aliphatic solventhaving a kauri-butanol value less than 38, to clean the testsubstrate thoroughly. Use new paper towels each time to applythe solvent to the surface and to wipe it clean.7.2 Appli
14、cation of PolishAssuming the control polish orthe test polish is a commercially available product, follow thedirections on the container so far as possible. When in doubt onthe method of use, follow the directions for similar products.Use equal volumes of control and test polish to avoid exces-sivel
15、y thin or heavy coats of polish. Use one or two applica-tions depending on the substrate and the discretion of the tester.Use the same number of coats for both the test polish and thecontrol polish.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D21 on Polishesand is the direct responsibi
16、lity of Subcommittee D21.04 on Performance Tests.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published July 2009. Originally approvedin 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 3751 94 (2002).1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Uni
17、ted States.7.3 Placement of Polishes:7.3.1 Alternative AA controlled randomized method oflaying out the test (X) and control (C) polishes is representedas follows:Test Panel Left Center Right1CXC2CCX3X4XXCThese four positionings should be written on tags and drawnrandomly by each of the four who app
18、ly the polishes.7.3.2 Alternative BA controlled randomized method oflaying out the test (X) and control (C) polishes is representedas follows:Test Panel Left Right1CX2XC3C4XThese four positionings should be written on tags and drawnrandomly by each of the four who apply the polishes.8. Evaluation8.1
19、 Compare the test polish and the control as follows:8.1.1 Application Properties (Ease of Rub-Out to MaximumGloss)During application of the polishes note the time andease with which each product develops maximum gloss.8.1.2 Final PropertiesEvaluate any or all of the followingproperties no sooner tha
20、n 5 min following application:8.1.2.1 GlossEvaluate as depth of gloss.8.1.2.2 UniformityObserve the surface for streaks, unpol-ished dry spots, and general uniformity.8.1.2.3 Film ClarityObserve the clearness or sharpness ofan objects image in the polished surface. Overhead lights,face, hand, or oth
21、er objects may be used for reflection. This testmay be eliminated for low-luster surfaces that do not possessmirror-like finishes.8.1.2.4 Smear and Mar ResistanceSmear is the degree ofoiliness or greasiness after the polish is rubbed-out to thedesired polish appearance. Mar is the degree of film dam
22、ageresulting from a glancing blow to the polish substrate. Checksmear by making a design such as an S with ones finger. Aglancing blow with ones knuckles or soft object such as abook or magazine may be used for determining the degree ofmar.8.1.2.5 Film HealingObserve the length of time requiredfor t
23、he smear or mar in 8.1.2.4 to disappear from the polishfilm.8.1.2.6 RebuffabilityObserve the ease and completenessof repairability when the smears and mars are buffed with apolishing cloth. The amount of physical effort and length oftime required is noted.8.1.2.7 CleaningObserve the ease of removal
24、of oldpolish films as well as common soiling materials such as dust,grease, oils, finger marks, beverage stains, etc. This may bedone either in the laboratory or observed during actual usetrials of the products. In the laboratory, removal of old polishmay be determined by applying multiple coats (10
25、 to 20applications) and determining polish build-up. A polish show-ing little build-up would be rated a good cleaner for old polish.Other materials, such as grease, oils, sugar solutions, etc.,should be tested on an individual basis.8.1.2.8 Water SpottingAt least 2 h after application of thepolishes
26、, place at random on the polished surfaces several spotsof water about the size of a penny. Allow the water to remainon the surface for 5 min, 15 min, 30 min, and 1 h. At preciseintervals, blot the water with a paper towel or other absorbentmaterial. DO NOT WIPE. Observe the presence and degree offi
27、lm damage. Other materials such as milk, coffee, juice,alcoholic beverages, etc., may be used to supplement the watertest.8.1.2.9 Gloss RetentionObserve the degree of gloss of afreshly applied polish film compared to that of an aged polishfilm.8.1.2.10 Dust AttractionMeasure by carefully wiping thet
28、est surface to remove all dirt and dust. Place the test substratein a place to accumulate dust. Check dust build-up on the panelafter 24, 48, and 72 h, and after 1 week.9. Report9.1 Alternative AUsing 7.3.1 rate all properties 0 to 5. Avalue of 5 equals excellent and 0 equals complete failure.Values
29、 in between are various degrees between these extremes.This is a monodic value system for each test surface evaluatedbased on each individual raters own reference scale. Since thethree individuals rating the final properties do not know theplacement sequence, each polished area is rated “blind” with
30、no possibility for bias.9.1.1 Fig. 1 may be used to record the raw data. Fig. 2 maybe used to summarize and compare data. The followingcalculation provides a rating factor for each property tested:F 5Xpropertyn(1)Fc5Cpropertyn(2)where:F = rating factor for test polish,Fc= rating factor for control p
31、olish,Xproperty= sum of all readings of a specific property forthe test polish,Cproperty= sum of all readings of a specific property forthe control polish, andn = number of observations.9.2 Alternative BUsing 7.3.2 rate all properties 1 to 5,with the control surface always given a rating of 3. The s
32、caleis as follows:1 = significantly poorer than control,2 = slightly poorer than control,3 = no difference from control,4 = slightly better than control, and5 = significantly better than control.This value system is a paired comparison with the controlsurface always acting as the point of reference.
33、 Since the threetesters rating the final properties need the control surface to beD 3751 94 (2008)2Rating Scale: 0 to 55 = excellent 2 = fair4 = very good 1 = poor3 = good 0 = complete failureNOTE 1Designate the position of the product (X or C) in the box designating the position on the test panel;
34、for example: left, center,orright.FIG. 1 FURNITURE POLISH EVALUATION INDIVIDUAL RATINGS FOR 9.1.1D 3751 94 (2008)3FIG. 2 FURNITURE POLISH EVALUATION SUMMARY OF INDIVIDUAL RATINGS FOR 9.2.1D 3751 94 (2008)4identified, the identification of the control product must not berevealed to prevent bias.9.2.1
35、 Fig. 3 may be used to record the raw data. Fig. 4 maybe used to summarize and compare data. The followingcalculation provides a rating factor for each property tested:F 5Xpropertyn(3)where:F = rating factor for test polish,Xproperty= sum of all readings for a specific property forthe test polish, a
36、ndn = number of observations.Specific properties of the control polish are assigned a valueof 3.0.9.2.2 Record temperature and relative humidity at whichtests were run.10. Precision and Bias10.1 Alternative ADue to the subjective nature of this testmethod, no precision and bias can be established.10
37、.2 Alternative B(Same as Alternative A.) However,since all the rating factors are in relation to the control, thevalues can be analyzed statistically to determine if the differ-ences observed are significant.11. Keywords11.1 furniture polish; polishesTest Panel Application No. 1 Test Panel Applicati
38、on No. 2Properties Control Test Test ControlTest Panel Application No. 3 Test Panel Application No. 4Properties Control Test Test ControlRating Scale: 1 to 55 = significantly better than control4 = slightly better than control3 = no difference from control2 = slightly poorer than control1 = signific
39、antly poorer than controlFIG. 3 FURNITURE POLISH EVALUATION INDIVIDUAL RATINGS FOR 9.2.1D 3751 94 (2008)5ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that
40、 determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapprov
41、ed or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you fee
42、l that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual repr
43、ints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).FIG. 4 FURNITURE POLISH EVALUATION SUMMARY OF INDIVIDUAL RATINGS FOR 9.2.1D 3751 94 (2008)6
