1、Designation: D3759/D3759M 05 (Reapproved 2011)Standard Test Method forBreaking Strength and Elongation of Pressure-SensitiveTape1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3759/D3759M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case o
2、f revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test me
3、thod covers the measurement of tensilestrength at break (breaking strength) and stretch properties(elongation) for pressure-sensitive tapes and labels. It includesprocedures for machine direction and cross direction, forhigh-strength filament reinforced backings and for high stretchbackings. It also
4、 includes a procedure for obtaining force (“F”value) in conjunction with a specified elongation. Theseprocedures employ a constant-rate-of-extension (CRE)-typetesting machine.1.2 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are tobe regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsys
5、tem may not be exact equivalents; conversions betweenmeasurement systems must be conducted carefully.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and hea
6、lth practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D828 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Paper andPaperboard Using Constant-Rate-of-Elongation Appara-tus3D882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin PlasticSheeting
7、D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD3715/D3715M Practice for Quality Assurance ofPressure-Sensitive TapesD4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, orPackaging Components for TestingE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE122 Practice for Calculati
8、ng Sample Size to Estimate,With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristicof a Lot or Process2.2 AFERA Documents (Association Des Fabricants Eu-ropeens De Reubans Auto-AdhesifsEuropeAFERA 4004 Self Adhesive TapesMeasurement ofBreaking StrengthAFERA4005 SelfAdhesive TapesMeasurement of Elo
9、n-gation2.3 European Norm (EN) DocumentsEN 1940 Self Adhesive TapesMeasurement of BreakingStrengthEN 1941 Self Adhesive TapesMeasurement of Elonga-tion at Break2.4 PSTC Documents (Pressure Sensitive Tape Council)PSTC 131 Tensile Strength and Elongation of Pressure-Sensitive Tapes3. Terminology3.1 Te
10、rminology found in Terminology D996 shall apply.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Procedure AMachine Direction for Tapes with Elonga-tion Under 200 %A strip of tape is mounted between twoclamps aligned in a straight flat plane and force applied at aspecified rate until breaking of the strip of tape occur
11、s. Forceand elongation are determined at the moment of breakage.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 onPackaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.14 on Tape andLabels.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2011. Published November 2011. Originallyapproved i
12、n 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D3759/D3759M 05.DOI: 10.1520/D3759_D3759M-05R11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Docu
13、ment Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, U
14、nited States.4.2 Procedure BMachine Direction for Filament Rein-forced TapeA strip of tape is applied to two drums aligned ina flat plane and force applied until breakage of tape occurs.Force and elongation are determined at the moment of break-age. This procedure may also be suited for other high s
15、trengthtapes such as those with tensilized or highly oriented filmbackings.4.3 Procedure CMachine Direction for Tapes with Elon-gation Over 200 %A strip of tape is mounted between twoclamps aligned in a straight flat plane and force applied at aspecified rate until breaking of the strip of tape occu
16、rs. Forceand elongation are determined at moment of breakage.4.4 Procedure DCross DirectionA strip of tape ismounted between two clamps aligned in a straight flat planeand force applied at a specified rate until breaking of the stripof tape occurs. Force and elongation are determined at themoment of
17、 breakage.4.4.1 If the sample provides ample material, CD tests maybe made in the same way machine direction (MD) tests are.This would occur with web material or sufficiently wide rolls.4.4.2 If a tape has an ultimate elongation in the crossdirection (CD) over 200 %, it is recommended to use the tes
18、tpreparation for high stretch materials.4.4.3 Cross direction tests are limited to sample rolls of tapeat least 48 mm in width.NOTE 1Procedures A and B are harmonized to be technically equiva-lent with test procedures published by PSTC, AFERA, and EN. Proce-dures C and D are harmonized to be technic
19、ally equivalent with testprocedures published by PSTC.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides information that can be usedin material specifications for product design and qualityassurance applications. It can be used in comparing differentproducts.5.2 The use of this test method must b
20、e related to thepurpose for which the test is performed. One purpose is fordetermining the relative strength of the tape in the size in whichit is purchased or used. Another purpose is to identify orcharacterize a particular backing material.5.2.1 The test may be performed on the tape as-received,th
21、at is, without cutting the material to a specimen width lessthan the as-received width. Usually tapes wider than 48 mm 2in. are not tested due principally to the limitations of equip-ment. Tapes as narrow as approximately 3 mm 0.125 in. canbe tested.5.2.2 The test may be performed on a specimen cut
22、fromwithin the sample material boundaries using a sharp razorcutter, such as that defined in Section 6. This method is usuallyused for material characterization, determining quality ofconformance, and for specification compliance.5.3 Stretch characteristics of elongation at break or force toa specif
23、ied elongation can be related to the tapes intended useor for identifying or characterizing a material.6. Apparatus6.1 Tension TesterA constant-rate-of-extension (CRE)type with load cell capacity such that the maximum expectedspecimen strength does not exceed 90 % of its normal limit.The tension tes
24、ter must be capable of the crosshead speedsdescribed in Table 1 with tolerances of 610 %.6.1.1 The tensile testing machine must be equipped with ameasurement system which records the force and deformation(elongation) of the test specimen during the test. This may bea pen and stylus, digital output,
25、microprocessor, or computerbased system. The accuracy should be verified in accordancewith Practice E4 or equivalent.6.1.2 Extensometer (Optional)A suitable instrument, ifdesired, may be used for determining the distance between twodesignated points of the test specimen as the specimen isstretched.6
26、.1.3 Integrator (Optional)A suitable instrument, micro-processor, or software analysis system may be used fordetermining the energy or work required to break the speci-men.6.1.4 Clamps, preferably the pneumatic action type at least50 mm 2 in. wide by 38 mm 112 in. deep. Faces shall havea light cross
27、-hatch serration.NOTE 2Plastic materials are reduced in width and thickness whilebeing stretched. This causes them to be drawn out of the clamps.Pneumatic clamps minimize this effect. It can be further reduced by theappropriate choice of surface of the clamps. One improvement, both withrespect to th
28、e above mentioned shrinkage problem and simple slippage,may be found from the use of urethane film which can be obtained as apressure-sensitive tape approximately 0.5 mm 20 mils thick. Thismaterial has a very high coefficient of friction, is somewhat malleable, andis easily replaced. Alternative mat
29、erials are coated abrasive, rubber(neoprene or other synthetic type), or other tape.6.1.5 Cylinders, in place of clamps for testing high strengthtapes by Procedure B. Each of two cylinders shall be 100 mm4 in. in diameter by 38 mm 1.5 in. thick held in the positionordinarily occupied by the clamps s
30、o that the tape, whenapplied to the cylinders and extending between them, falls inthe line of stress otherwise occupied by the specimens whenclamps are used. See Fig. 1.TABLE 1 Test Preparation and Specimen DimensionsGage Length,mm in.Cross Head Velocity,mm in./minSpecimen Width,Amm in.Specimen Leng
31、th,mm in.A. Machine DirectionElongation Under 200 %100 4 300 12 1224 0.51 225 9B. Machine DirectionReinforced Tapes250 10 300 12 1224 0.51 700 28C. Machine DirectionElongation Over 200 %50 2 50 2 12 0.5 150 6D. Cross Direction 25 1 25 1 12 0.5 125 5AThe specimen widths shown are for tests in which t
32、he specimen is cut from within the sample dimension.D3759/D3759M 05 (2011)26.1.6 Scale (Optional), approximately 22 mm 1 in. inlength divided into 2 mm 0.1 in. increments attached to eachcylinder. The zero point or (origin) shall be at the point oftangency of the tape with the cylinder during the te
33、st and thescale shall increase upward on the lower cylinder and down-ward on the upper cylinder.NOTE 3These scales can be used to observe and measure the tapeslippage during the tension test for reinforced tapes. Scales or extensom-eters shall be used for referee testing.6.2 Cutter,4The specimen cut
34、ter shall hold two single-edgedrazor blades in parallel planes a precise distance apart, to forma cutter of exact specimen width. Appropriate widths shall beavailable as specified.6.2.1 The 12 mm 12 in. cutter shall be constructed ofaluminum bar stock approximately 12 mm 12 in. by 12 mm12 in. by 200
35、 mm 8 in. The edges, for about 125 mm 5 in.from one end shall be slightly rounded to form a handle. Thewidth of the bar, for approximately 75 mm 3 in. from theopposite end, shall be narrowed to exactly 12 mm 0.500 in.minus the thickness of a single razor blade (one of two used ascutting edges). The
36、razor blades shall be held in position usingside plates. The end of the cutter shall be cut away at a 0.75 rad45 angle to expose the cutting edges at one end of the blades.The cutting edges shall be separated by 12 6 0.1 mm 0.500 60.005 in. Other width cutters shall be constructed similarly.NOTE 4So
37、me of the traditional tools for specimen preparation mustbe avoided when the backing is comprised of thin plastic sheeting. Theseinclude chopping dies and sample cutters operating on a shearingprinciple. The reason for this restraint is that edges sufficiently ragged anddamaged resulting from choppi
38、ng or shearing cause tearing to occurbefore the true tensile strength level is reached. Tapes with fibrousbackings may be cut to satisfactory specimens with these tools.7. Sampling7.1 Acceptance SamplingUnless otherwise specified, ac-ceptance sampling shall be in accordance with Practice D3715/D3715
39、M.7.2 Sampling for Other PurposesThe sampling and thenumber of test specimens depends on the purpose of thetesting. Practice E122 is recommended. It is common to test atleast five specimens of a particular tape. Test specimens shouldbe taken from several rolls of tape, and whenever possible,among se
40、veral production runs of tape. Strong conclusionsabout a specific property of a tape cannot be based on tests ofa single unit (roll) of a product.8. Test Specimens8.1 Specimens shall have the dimensions shown in Table 1.8.2 Unwind and discard at least three, but no more than six,outer wraps of tape
41、from the sample roll before takingspecimens for testing. Test without liners, if any.8.3 Test one specimen per sample roll, unless otherwisespecified.8.4 The following applies to non-reinforced tapes for Pro-cedure A:8.4.1 Specimen ends that are clamped shall be prepared bycovering the adhesive with
42、 paper, some other tape, or anextension of the specimen. In the latter case the specimen mustbe cut at lest 100 mm 4 in. longer than defined in Table 1.8.4.2 The covering shall be free of wrinkles, leaving thegage-length area uncovered and completely cover the rest ofthe specimen so that the clamps
43、will apply uniform pressureagainst the specimen.8.5 For Procedure D, a special specimen preparation isrecommended for cross-direction (C.D.) specimens from rollsless than 125 mm 5 in. in width.8.5.1 Lay two rectangular sample strips on a flat surfacewith the adhesive side facing up. See Fig. 2. Each
44、 strip shall beas wide as the sample roll and approximately 125 mm 5 in. inlength. Position these strips side by side with one long edge ofone strip parallel to and 25 mm 1.0 in. separated from onelong edge of the second strip.8.5.2 Cut a specimen from the sample roll to have the widthspecified in T
45、able 1 and length equal to the width of the roll.8.5.3 Lay this specimen adhesive side up across the 25-mm1.0-in. separation of the strips. Position it toward one end ofthe sample strips so that it rests equally on both strips and at aright angle to their parallel edges.8.5.3.1 If needed to prevent
46、slippage, cut two additionalstrips from the sample roll having the same width as thespecimen. Butt the end of one of these at one end to form acontinuation of the specimen across the remainder of thesample strip. Use the second strip to butt against the other endof the specimen in like manner.4The s
47、ole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Chemsultants International, 9349 Hamilton Dr., Mentor, OH 44061-1118. If youare aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTMInternational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful considerat
48、ion at ameeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.FIG. 1 Test Configuration for Reinforced TapesD3759/D3759M 05 (2011)38.5.3.2 Fold each of the original sample strips over ontoitself to form a three-ply tab that will be gripped by the clampsduring the test.8.5.4 Trim off a
49、ny excess (single ply of tape) of either thesample strips or the extension strips extending beyond the two-or three-ply parts of the assembly.8.6 For reinforced tapes, Procedure B, the specimen re-quires no further preparation than to have the appropriatedimensions (Table 1) and ensure that the adhesive is notcontaminated so it will adhere well to the cylinders.9. Preparation of Apparatus9.1 Table 1 shows the tension tester settings for use with thespecified test
